A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles

A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles
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"A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles" by Sir Sidney Lee. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

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Sir Sidney Lee. A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles

A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits and facsimiles

Table of Contents

I—PARENTAGE AND BIRTH

Distribution of the name

The poet’s ancestry

The poet’s father

His settlement at Stratford

The poet’s mother

The poet’s birth and baptism

Alleged birthplace

II—CHILDHOOD, EDUCATION, AND MARRIAGE

The father in municipal office

Brothers and sisters

The father’s financial difficulties

Education

The poet’s classical equipment

Shakespeare and the Bible

Withdrawal from school

The poet’s marriage

Richard Hathaway of Shottery. Anne Hathaway

Anne Hathaway’s cottage

The bond against impediments

Birth of a daughter

Formal betrothal probably dispensed with

III—THE FAREWELL TO STRATFORD

Poaching at Charlecote

Unwarranted doubts of the tradition

Justice Shallow

The flight from Stratford

IV—ON THE LONDON STAGE

The journey to London

Richard Field, his townsman

Theatrical employment

A playhouse servitor

The acting companies

The Lord Chamberlain’s company

A member of the Lord Chamberlain’s

The London theatres

Place of residence in London

Shakespeare’s alleged travels. In Scotland

In Italy

Shakespeare’s rôles

Alleged scorn of an actor’s calling

V.—EARLY DRAMATIC EFFORTS

Dramatic work

His borrowed plots

The revision of plays

Chronology of the plays. Metrical tests

‘Love’s Labour’s Lost.’

‘Two Gentlemen of Verona.’

‘Comedy of Errors.’

‘Romeo and Juliet.’

‘Henry VI.’

Greene’s attack. Chettle’s apology

Divided authorship of ‘Henry VI.’

Shakespeare’s coadjutors

Shakespeare’s assimilative power

Lyly’s influence in comedy

Marlowe’s influence in tragedy. ‘Richard III.’

‘Richard II.’

Acknowledgments to Marlowe

‘Titus Andronicus.’

‘Merchant of Venice.’

Shylock and Roderigo Lopez

‘King John.’

‘Comedy of Errors’ in Gray’s Inn Hall

Early plays doubtfully assigned to Shakespeare

‘Mucedorus.’

‘Faire Em.’

VI—THE FIRST APPEAL TO THE READING PUBLIC

Publication of ‘Venus and Adonis.’

‘Lucrece.’

Enthusiastic reception of the poems

Shakespeare and Spenser

Patrons at court

VII—THE SONNETS AND THEIR LITERARY HISTORY

The vogue of the Elizabethan sonnet

Shakespeare’s first experiments

Majority of Shakespeare’s sonnets composed in 1594

Their literary value

Circulation in manuscript

Their piratical publication in 1609. ‘A Lover’s Complaint.’

Thomas Thorpe and ‘Mr. W. H.’

The form of Shakespeare’s Sonnets

Want of continuity. The two ‘groups.’

Main topics of the first ‘group.’

Main topics of the second ‘group.’

Lack of genuine sentiment in Elizabethan sonnets. Their dependence on French and Italian models

Sonnetteers’ admission of insincerity

Contemporary censure of sonnetteers’ false sentiment. ‘Gulling Sonnets.’

Shakespeare’s scornful allusion to sonnets in his plays

VIII—THE BORROWED CONCEITS OF THE SONNETS

Slender autobiographical element in Shakespeare’s sonnets. The imitative element

Shakespeare’s claims of immortality for his sonnets a borrowed conceit

Conceits in sonnets addressed to a woman

The praise of ‘blackness.’

The sonnets of vituperation

Gabriel Harvey’s ‘Amorous Odious Sonnet.’

Jodelle’s ‘Contr’ Amours.’

IX—THE PATRONAGE OF THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON

Biographic fact in the ‘dedicatory’ sonnets

The Earl of Southampton the poet’s sole patron

Rivals in Southampton’s favour

Shakespeare’s fear of a rival poet

Barnabe Barnes probably the rival

Other theories as to the rival’s identity

Sonnets of friendship

Extravagances of literary compliment

Patrons habitually addressed in affectionate terms

Direct references to Southampton in the sonnets of friendship

His youthfulness

The evidence of portraits

Sonnet cvii. the last of the series

Allusion to Elizabeth’s death

Allusions to Southampton’s release from prison

X—THE SUPPOSED STORY OF INTRIGUE IN THE SONNETS

The youth’s relations with the poet’s mistress

‘Willobie his Avisa.’

Summary of conclusions respecting the sonnets

XI—THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRAMATIC POWER

‘Midsummer Night’s Dream.’

‘All’s Well.’

‘Taming of the Shrew.’

Stratford allusions in the Induction

Wincot

‘Henry IV.’

Falstaff

‘Merry Wives of Windsor.’

‘Henry V.’

Essex and the rebellion of 1601

Shakespeare’s popularity and influence

The Mermaid meetings

Mere’s eulogy, 1598

Value of his name to publishers

‘The Passionate Pilgrim.’

‘The Phœnix and the Turtle.’

XII—THE PRACTICAL AFFAIRS OF LIFE

Shakespeare’s practical temperament

His father’s difficulties

His wife’s debt

The coat-of-arms

Purchase of New Place

Appeals for aid from his fellow-townsmen

Financial position before 1599

Financial position after 1599

Later income

Incomes of fellow-actors

Formation of the estate at Stratford 1601–10

The Stratford tithes

Recovery of small debts

XIII—MATURITY OF GENIUS

Literary work in 1599

‘Much Ado.’

‘As You Like It.’

‘Twelfth Night.’

‘Julius Cæsar,’ 1601

The strife between adult and boy actors

Shakespeare’s references to the struggle

Jonson’s ‘Poetaster.’

Shakespeare’s alleged partisanship

‘Hamlet,’ 1602

The problem of its publication

The First Quarto, 1603

The Second Quarto, 1604

The Folio Version

Popularity of ‘Hamlet.’

‘Troilus and Cressida.’

Treatment of the theme

Queen Elizabeth’s death, March 26, 1603

James I’s patronage

XIV—THE HIGHEST THEMES OF TRAGEDY

‘Othello’ and ‘Measure for Measure.’

‘Macbeth.’

‘King Lear.’

‘Timon of Athens.’

‘Pericles.’

‘Antony and Cleopatra.’

‘Coriolanus.’

XV—THE LATEST PLAYS

The latest plays

‘Cymbeline.’

‘A Winter’s Tale.’

‘Tempest.’

Fanciful interpretations of ‘The Tempest.’

Unfinished plays. The lost play of ‘Cardenio.’

‘Two Noble Kinsmen.’

‘Henry VIII.’

XVI—THE CLOSE OF LIFE

Plays at Court in 1613. Actor-friends

Final settlement at Stratford

Domestic affairs

Purchase of a house in Blackfriars

Attempt to enclose the Stratford common fields

Death. Burial

The will. Bequest to his wife

His heiress. Legacies to friends

The tomb

Personal character

XVII—SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS

The survivors. Mistress Judith Quiney

Mistress Susannah Hall

The last descendant

Shakespeare’s brothers

XVIII—AUTOGRAPHS, PORTRAITS, AND MEMORIALS

Spelling of the poet’s surname. Autograph signatures

Shakespeare’s portraits. The Stratford bust. The ‘Stratford’ portrait

Droeshout’s engraving

The ‘Droeshout’ painting

Later portraits

The ‘Chandos’ portrait

The ‘Jansen’ portrait

The ‘Felton’ portrait

The ‘Soest’ portrait

Miniatures

The Garrick Club bust

Alleged death-mask

Memorials in sculpture

XIX—BIBLIOGRAPHY

Quartos of the poems in the poet’s lifetime

Posthumous quartos of the poems

The ‘Poems’ of 1640

Quartos of the plays in the poet’s lifetime

Posthumous quartos of the plays

The First Folio. The publishing syndicate

The prefatory matter

The value of the text

The order of the plays

The typography

Unique copies

The Sheldon copy

Estimated number of extant copies

Reprints of the First Folio

The Second Folio. The Third Folio. The Fourth Folio

Eighteenth-century editors

Nicholas Rowe, 1674–1718

Alexander Pope, 1688–1744

Lewis Theobald, 1688–1744

Sir Thomas Hanmer, 1677–1746

Bishop Warburton, 1698–1779

Dr. Johnson, 1709–1783

Edward Capell, 1713–1781

George Steevens, 1736–1800

Edmund Malone, 1741–1812

Variorum editions

Nineteenth-century editors

Alexander Dyce, 1798–1869. Howard Staunton, 1810–1874. The Cambridge edition, 1863–6

Other nineteenth-century editions

XX—POSTHUMOUS REPUTATION

Ben Jonson’s tribute

1660–1702. Dryden’s view

Restoration adaptations

From 1702 onwards

Stratford festivals

On the English stage. The first appearance of actresses in Shakespearean parts. David Garrick, 1717–1779

John Philip Kemble, 1757–1823. Mrs. Sarah Siddons, 1755–1831

Edmund Kean, 1787–1833

William Charles Macready, 1793–1873

Recent revivals

In music and art

In America

Translations. In Germany. German translations

Modern German writers on Shakespeare

On the German stage

In France. Voltaire’s strictures

French critics’ gradual emancipation from Voltairean influence

On the French stage

In Italy

In Holland

In Russia

In Poland

In Hungary

In other countries

XXI—GENERAL ESTIMATE

General estimate

Character of Shakespeare’s achievement

Its universal recognition

APPENDIX

I.—THE SOURCES OF BIOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE

Contemporary records abundant

First efforts in biography

Biographers of the nineteenth century. Stratford topography

Specialised studies in biography. Useful epitomes

Aids to study of plots and text. Concordances. Bibliographies

Critical studies

Shakespearean forgeries

John Jordan, 1746–1809

The Ireland forgeries, 1796

Forgeries promulgated by Collier and others, 1835–1849

II.—THE BACON-SHAKESPEARE CONTROVERSY

Its source. Toby Matthew’s letter

Chief exponents. Its vogue in America

Extent of the literature

III.—THE YOUTHFUL CAREER OF THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON

Southampton and Shakespeare

Parentage. Birth on Oct. 6, 1573

Education

Recognition of Southampton’s youthful beauty

Reluctance to marry

Intrigue with Elizabeth Vernon

Marriage in 1598

Imprisonment, 1601–3

Later career. Death on Nov. 10, 1624

IV.—THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON AS A LITERARY PATRON

Southampton’s collection of books

References in his letters to poems and plays

His love of the theatre

Poetic adulation. Barnabe Barnes’s sonnet, 1593

Tom Nash’s addresses

Markham’s sonnet, 1595. Florio’s address, 1598

The congratulations of the poets in 1603

Elegies on Southampton

V.—THE TRUE HISTORY OF THOMAS THORPE AND ‘MR. W. H.’

The publication of the sonnets in 1609

Publishers’ dedication

Thorpe’s early life

His ownership of the manuscript of Marlowe’s ‘Lucan.’ His dedicatory address to Edward Blount in 1600

Character of his business

Shakespeare’s sufferings at publishers’ hands

The use of initials in dedications of Elizabethan and Jacobean books

Frequency of wishes for ‘happiness’ and ‘eternity’ in dedicatory greetings

Five dedications by Thorpe

‘W. H.’ signs dedication of Southwell’s poems in 1606

‘W. H.’ and Mr. William Hall

‘The onlie begetter’ means ‘only procurer’

VI.—‘MR. WILLIAM HERBERT.’

Origin of the notion that ‘Mr. W. H.’ stands for ‘Mr. William Herbert.’

The Earl of Pembroke known only as Lord Herbert in youth

Thorpe’s mode of addressing the Earl of Pembroke

VII.—SHAKESPEARE AND THE EARL OF PEMBROKE

Shakespeare with the acting company at Wilton in 1603

The dedication of the First Folio

No suggestion in the sonnets of the youth’s identity with Pembroke

Aubrey’s ignorance of any relation between Shakespeare and Pembroke

VIII.—THE ‘WILL’ SONNETS

Elizabethan meanings of ‘will.’

Shakespeare’s uses of the word

Shakespeare’s puns on the word

Arbitrary and irregular use of italics by Elizabethan and Jacobean printers

The conceits of sonnets cxxxv-vi. interpreted

Sonnet cxxxv

Sonnet cxxxvi

Sonnet cxxxiv. Meaning of Sonnet cxliii

IX.—THE VOGUE OF THE ELIZABETHAN SONNET, 1591–1597

Wyatt’s and Surrey’s Sonnets, published in 1557. Watson’s ‘Centurie of Love,’ 1582

Sidney’s ‘Astrophel and Stella,’ 1591

(1) Collected sonnets of feigned love. Daniel’s ‘Delia,’ 1592

Fame of Daniel’s sonnets

Constable’s ‘Diana,’ 1592

Barnes’ sonnets, 1593

Watson’s ‘Tears of Fancie,’ 1593

Fletcher’s ‘Licia,’ 1593

Lodge’s ‘Phillis,’ 1593

Drayton’s ‘Idea’, 1594

Percy’s ‘Cœlia,’ 1594

Zepheria, 1594

Barnfield’s sonnets to Ganymede, 1595

Spenser’s ‘Amoretti’, 1595

‘Emaricdulfe,’ 1595

Sir John Davies’s ‘Gullinge Sonnets,’ 1595

Linche’s ‘Diella,’ 1596

Griffin’s ‘Fidessa,’ 1596. Thomas Campion, 1596

William Smith’s ‘Chloris,’ 1596

Robert Tofte’s ‘Laura,’ 1597

Sir William Alexander’s ‘Aurora.’

Sir Fulke Greville’s ‘Cælica.’

Estimate of number of love-sonnets issued between 1591 and 1597

II. Sonnets to patrons, 1591–7

III. Sonnets on philosophy and religion

X.—BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THE SONNET IN FRANCE, 1550–1600

Ronsard (1524–1585) and ‘La Pléiade.’ Desportes (1546–1606)

Chief collections of French sonnets published between 1550 and 1584

Minor collections of French sonnets published between 1553 and 1605

INDEX

FOOTNOTES

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Sir Sidney Lee

Published by Good Press, 2019

.....

Later income.

Incomes of fellow-actors.

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