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Stan Hutton. Nonprofit Kit For Dummies
Nonprofit Kit For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Nonprofit Kit For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Getting Familiar with the Nonprofit Framework
Journeying into the World of Nonprofit Organizations
What Is a Nonprofit Organization?
Comparing for-profits to nonprofits
Introducing the coveted 501(c)(3) status for nonprofits
A SECTOR BY ANY OTHER NAME
Knowing Your Mission Before Entering the Nonprofit World
Setting up a nonprofit
Making plans and being flexible
BIGGER THAN A BREAD BOX
Embracing and Sharing Your Inspiration
CURIOSITY REWARDED THIS CAT
Finding the Resources to Do the Job
Who is giving to nonprofit organizations?
Supporting your mission with fundraising
Understanding What It Takes to Start a Nonprofit
Weighing the Pros and Cons of Starting a Nonprofit
Doing Your Homework First
Analyzing the competition
Identifying the right people to help you
Figuring out how you’ll survive financially
MY STORY: A CALCULATED RISK
Acknowledging the reality of what’s ahead
Planning, plotting, and projecting
Understanding Nonprofit Ownership
Benefiting the public for the greater good
Being accountable and transparent
A WORD ABOUT EXCESSIVE COMPENSATION
Looking at the Many Varieties of Nonprofits
Identifying nonprofits by their numbers
Adding rules and regulations to add to your file
Nonprofits and political activities
The situation with churches
Taxes, taxes, taxes
Nonprofits owning for-profits
Very small organizations
Nonprofit compensation
Comparing Nonprofits and For-Profits
How they’re alike
How they differ
HYBRID CORPORATIONS: NEITHER FISH NOR FOWL?
Using a Fiscal Sponsor: An Alternative Approach
FISCAL SPONSORSHIP AS A FIRST STEP
Examining common details of a fiscal sponsorship relationship
Finding a fiscal sponsor
Prioritizing Building Your Board of Directors
Appreciating the Duties of a Nonprofit Board of Directors
Primary role: Preserving public trust
EX OFFICIO BOARD MEMBERS
Secondary role: Dealing with planning, hiring, and other board tasks
Providing a guiding strategy
Hiring and working with the executive director
Overseeing the organization’s finances
ESTABLISHING AN ADVISORY BOARD
Sharing responsibilities among the board, staff, and volunteers
Recruiting the Right People for Your Board
Incorporating diversity, equity, and inclusion in the board’s composition
PERSUADING SOMEONE TO JOIN YOUR BOARD
Keeping it fresh: Terms of service
Big boards or little boards
Choosing officers and committees
Introducing new and prospective members to the board and the organization
Putting Staff Members on Your Board
Using Your Board to Full Capacity
Encouraging commitment from board members
Holding effective board meetings
Getting the members to show up
Conducting efficient meetings
Creating Your Mission Statement and Vision Statement
Honing Your Mission Statement
JARGON IS NOT YOUR FRIEND
Keeping your mission statement short and sweet
Stating your mission — the goal for services
Specifying who will be served by the nonprofit
Explaining how you’ll accomplish your mission
Incorporating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into your mission statement
DETECTING A WEAK MISSION STATEMENT
Imagining Your Future with a Vision Statement
Capturing your vision statement
Asking “Where are we going?” and “Why?”
A MISSION LOST IN TRANSITION
Inviting Stakeholders to the Planning Table
Encouraging and embracing stakeholder input
Working together to finalize your statements
Living by Your Mission and Staying Fixed on the Vision
Incorporating and Applying for Tax-Exemption Status
Creating a New Entity: The Nonprofit Corporation
Following your state’s or territory’s laws
Understanding the required governing documents
Deciding whether to have members in your corporation
Finding the best name
Writing the Articles of Incorporation
Crafting a heading
Article I
Article II
Article III
Article IV
Article V
Article VI
Article VII
Article VIII
Signed, sealed, and delivered
Securing Your Employer Identification Number (EIN)
Writing Your Organization’s Bylaws
Holding Your First Board Meeting
Applying for Tax Exemption
WHO DOESN’T NEED TO APPLY FOR TAX-EXEMPT STATUS
Tackling Form 1023 online
Discerning between public charities and private foundations
Establishing public charity status
Describing your activities
Reporting salaries and conflicts of interest
Dealing with financial information
Collecting the other materials
Paying the fee
Navigating possible contribution barriers until tax-exemption status is approved
Adhering to Nonprofit Status Requirements
Disclosing What You Need to Disclose
What you do need to show
IRS Form 990
IRS Form 1023
What you don’t need to show
Using the web to satisfy disclosure requirements
Avoiding Excessive Payments and Politicking
Determining reasonable pay and benefits
Using caution when getting involved in politics
Why all the fuss? Understanding the increased scrutiny by the IRS
Reporting to the IRS
Filing Form 990-N
Taking it easy with the Form 990-EZ return
Parts I and II
Parts III and IV
Parts V and VI
HOW THE IRS DECIDES WHETHER INCOME IS UNRELATED
Schedule A
Tackling the long Form 990
Providing financial information
Describing your programs
Looking at management and governance
Getting your Form 990 to the IRS
Reporting to Your State, Territory, and Local Governments
Bringing Your A-Game to Nonprofit Management
From the Top: Examining the Nonprofit Management Structure
Managing a Nonprofit: A Bird’s-Eye View
Appreciating the Governing Board’s Role and Responsibilities
Understanding the board’s management oversight duties
A SAD CASE OF NO D&O
Protecting your board from liability
Redefining the Nonprofit Founder's Role
Adding an Advisory Board
Expanding to Take On an Executive Director
Strategic Planning: Embracing the Ongoing Process
Understanding the Importance of Planning
Making Your Organization’s Strategic Plan
Getting ready
Working with your nonprofit’s mission and vision statements
Hearing from all your stakeholders
DESIGN THINKING
Surveying the external situation
PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY
Looking at the internal situation
Calling in the SWOT team
SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE
MAPPING THE MATRIX
Putting the plan in writing
Ensuring that your goals make sense
Itemizing the parts that form your strategic plan
Adjusting your strategic plan when necessary
Putting Plans into Action
Defining and setting goals, objectives, strategies, and outcomes
Creating a work plan
Planning for Programs
Working as a team
TO EXPLAIN YOUR PROGRAM, TAKE A TIP FROM THE BUSINESS SECTOR
Assessing needs
Determining the questions to be answered
Researching the best solutions
Brainstorming the resources needed to implement new programs
Estimating the cost of programs
Evaluating organizational and staff capability
Remembering special requirements
Fitting it into the mission
Thinking long term
Facility Planning: Finding a Place to Do Your Work
How much space and of what kind?
Location, location, location
Owning, leasing, or taking a free ride
The pros and cons of owning
Considering renting
Deciding whether to accept a freebie when it’s offered
Making a move
Deciding to take on a capital project
Evaluating Your Work: Are You Meeting Your Goals?
Knowing the Importance of Evaluation
Working Through the Evaluation Process
Selecting the right kind of evaluation
SHAPING AN OUTCOMES EVALUATION
Planning for evaluation
Crafting valuable questions
Choosing evaluators: Inside or outside?
Conducting Your Evaluation
Analyzing Results and Putting Them to Work
Interpreting results
ASKING MORE OF THE DATA
Using your evaluation to strengthen your work
Telling the truth
Sharing the evaluation results with your stakeholders
You Can Count on Me! Working with Volunteers
Knowing Why People Volunteer
Designing a Volunteer Program
Considering a volunteer coordinator
Determining your need for volunteers
Writing volunteer job descriptions
Organizing volunteers
Hunting for Volunteers
Getting the word out
LOOKING TO THE WEB FOR INSPIRATION
Looking for volunteers at other organizations
Finding volunteers with special skills
Hiring interns
Interviewing and Screening Volunteers
A CHEAT SHEET FOR THE FAQs
Managing Your Volunteers
Providing adequate training
Keeping good records
Insuring your volunteers
Saying farewell to bad volunteers
Showing Appreciation for Your Volunteers
Working with Paid Staff and Contractors
Determining Your Staffing Needs
Getting Your Nonprofit Ready for Paid Employees
Developing your personnel policies
Determining work time and off time
Covering other important items
Exploring payroll setup options
Providing benefits and perquisites
Preparing to Hire
Composing a job description
Considering necessary qualifications
Establishing nonprofit salary levels
Considering factors that affect salary
Scoping out salaries of comparable positions
Announcing the position
Making the Hire
Looking at résumés
Interviewing candidates
Digging deeper with references
Making your decision
Onboarding a New Hire
Confirming employment terms in writing
Getting your new hire started on the job
Evaluating your new hire’s progress
Looking to the future: Creating a professional development plan
Managing Employees
Recognizing what a manager or supervisor does
Clarifying the lines of communication
Holding regular staff meetings
Writing emails to staff
Chatting around the water cooler
Following the reprimand-and-dismissal process
Working with Independent Contractors
Differentiating an independent contractor from an employee
Establishing the roles for independent contractors
Finding a consultant: Ask around
Interviewing consultants
Developing and executing the contract
Money Matters: Preparing Budgets and Financial Reports
Making a Budget = Having a Plan
Beginning with zero
Examining income
Evaluating expenses
Defining a good budget
Budgeting based on your history
Understanding and isolating general administrative and fundraising costs
Accounting for in-kind contributions
Creating Budgets for Programs or Departments
Working Frequently with Your Budget
Projecting Cash Flow
Constructing your cash flow projection
Deciding what to do if you don’t have enough
Borrowing to make ends meet
Putting money away to make a nonprofit strong
Keeping Your Books Organized and Up to Date
Differentiating the various accounting systems
Considering accounting software or an accountant
Reviewing the Numbers: Financial Statements and Audits
Preparing financial statements
Seeing the value of an audit
Knowing whether you need an audit
Reading Your Financial Statements
Getting to know the parts of a standard financial statement
Asking the right financial questions
Managing Financial Systems
Marketing and Branding
Taking Care of the Basics
Designing a logo and letterhead
Preparing an organization overview or brochure
Creating a website
Producing annual reports and newsletters
Taking care of your service population — your most important marketing tool
MAKING CUSTOMER SERVICE A DAILY HABIT
Discovering Who You Are: First Steps to Marketing
YOUR A-TO-Z REFERENCES ON MARKETING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS
Recognizing the current market
Surveying stakeholders to gain important info
Organizing and interpreting the responses
DESIGNING A USEFUL SURVEY
Soliciting detailed feedback from focus groups
Defining whom you want to reach and how
HOW MARKET RESEARCH CAN OPEN YOUR EYES
MARKETING ON A SHOESTRING
Reaching Your Audience via Mass Media
Planning for effective publicity
THE ART OF SHAPING A NEWS STORY
Developing a media list
Understanding how the media works
Submitting materials to your media contacts
Getting your event into community event calendars
Putting together public service announcements (PSAs)
Using Social Media for Fun and Profit
Developing a social media policy
Planning your social media posts
Choosing your social media platforms
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Protecting your online reputation
COLLECTING DONATIONS BY CROWDFUNDING
Raising Funds Successfully
Creating a Fundraising Plan
Recognizing Who Can Raise Funds
Naming Possible Funding Sources
Weighing Your Fundraising Capacity
Drafting a Fundraising Plan
Setting a preliminary monetary goal
Asking whom you and your board members know
Researching and refining your prospect list
Researching institutional sources
Estimating how much your prospects will give
Plotting fundraising costs
Considering the time and money you’ll invest in fundraising
Keeping good donor records
Moving to an Action Plan
Planting the Seeds for a New Nonprofit
Hitting up family and friends before asking others
Raising funds with special events
Getting to know community foundations
Assessing your capabilities to apply for government grants
Raising Funds from Individual Donors
Understanding Why People Give
REGISTERING TO SOLICIT DONATIONS
Stating Your Case
RECOGNIZING YOUR DONORS
Creating an Elevator Speech
Identifying Possible Donors
Drawing circles of connections
Getting a list of potential donors from your board of directors
Growing a Major Gift
Deciding who should do the asking
Preparing to make your request
Breaking the ice
Adopting the right attitude
Timing the request: An inexact science
Treading lightly when making the ask
Expressing gratitude for the gift
Raising Funds by Mail
Taking the direct-mail route
Inspiring volunteers to steer a letter-writing campaign
TREATING DONORS WELL FOR GREAT RESULTS
Raising Money the “E” Way (Easily and Electronically)
Building and maintaining relationships by using email and related tools
Building your email address lists
Using your website as a cultivation tool
Setting up an online donation portal
Finding financial support from a crowd
Distributing your fundraising via volunteers
Soliciting text message donations
Telemarketing: Dialing for Dollars
Perfecting a script
Training your board and volunteers as callers
Collecting the pledges
Planning Onsite and Virtual Special Events
Thinking through the Whole Event
Using your budget to guide decisions
Low-budget special events
Mid-budget special events
High-budget special events
Sticking to your budget
Figuring the income side
Capturing expenses — expected and unexpected
Soliciting in-kind gifts for your event
Building your event committee
Setting a date and location
Setting Up Your Timeline
The first three months
Months four and five
Four weeks before the event
The week before the event
ISSUING A MEMORABLE INVITATION
Spreading the Word
Setting social media to blast
Finding a news angle
Getting a mention on radio or TV
After the Event is Over
Sleuthing for Grant Funding
Assessing Your Nonprofit’s Grant-Seeking Readiness
Planning for a Foundation Grant Proposal
Learning about funding priorities
Familiarizing yourself with types of foundations
Independent foundations, large and small
Corporate foundations and corporate giving
In your neck of the woods: Community foundations
Operating foundations: Locked doors for grant seekers
Using the Foundation Directory Online to assemble a broad list of prospects
Understanding the basics about FDO by Candid
Discovering the center’s directories and databases
Effectively searching the center’s information
Digging deeper to narrow your prospects
Going for a Government Grant
Federal grants
Weighing the pros and cons of Grants.gov
Supplementing your search with the CFDA
Beginning your search with Grants.gov
Nonfederal government grants
Writing an Award-Winning Grant Proposal
Attending to Pre-Proposal Tasks
Perfecting the letter of inquiry
Passing the applicant eligibility screening questionnaire
The Pitch: Writing a Competitive Grant Proposal
Starting out with the cover letter and executive summary
Introducing your organization and its operating history
Documenting the need for funding
Setting goals, SMART objectives, and proposed outcomes
Presenting (ta-da!) your project idea with evidence-based solutions
Presenting the management plan
Explaining how results will be measured
Talking about the budget
Showing where the rest of the money comes from: The sustainability section
Appending requested attachments
Familiarizing Yourself with Other Types of Written Funding Requests
Trolling for corporate grants or sponsors
TIPS FOR ONLINE APPLICATIONS
Seeking general operating support
Asking for capacity building funding
Seed money: Proposing to form a new nonprofit
Following Through after Receiving Funding
Capital Campaigns: Finding Lasting Resources
Beginning the Funding Plan
Preplanning your campaign
Developing a rough budget
Testing feasibility
Leading the way with the board
Conducting feasibility study interviews
Analyzing the results of your study
Developing a Case Statement
Building the Pyramid of Gifts
Starting at the top
Applying for grants as part of your capital campaign
Ending the quiet phase and moving into the public phase
Realizing the Benefits and Risks of Capital Campaigns
The Part of Tens
Ten Tips for Pivoting in Times of Uncertainty
Create an Emergency Operations Plan
Communicate When Making Hard Decisions
Step Back and Regroup
Set a Manageable Fundraising Goal
Collaborate with Others in Your Field
Share a Back Office
Place a Program within Another Agency
Merge with Another Nonprofit
Close with Dignity If Necessary
Complete the Government’s Closing Paperwork
Ten Tips for Raising Seed Money
Ask
Hit Up People You Know
Tell Your Story and Don’t Ramble
Show How You’re Improving Lives
Use Numbers to Convey Urgency and Compassion
Research, Research, Research
Know Your Donors’ Point of View
Build a Donor Pyramid
Make It Easy to Respond
Keep Good Records
Ten Tips for Protecting Your Nonprofit
Assessing Your Risks
Planning for Emergencies
Filing Annual Federal Forms
Filing Annual State Forms
Paying Employment Taxes
Reporting Payments to Consultants
Maintaining Transparency
Responding to Negative Press
Protecting Your Online Reputation
Determining Insurance Needs
Appendixes
Glossary
About the Online Content
Index. Numerics
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
About the Authors
Dedication
Authors’ Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
