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Steven L. Tuck. A History of Roman Art
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
A HISTORY OF ROMAN ART
ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
NOTE TO STUDENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
WALK THROUGH TOUR
Feature: Timelines
Feature: Key terms and glossary
Art and Literature
A View from the Provinces
Scholarly Perspective
Tools & Techniques
More on Myth
Ancients on Art
Form & Function
Historical Context
Suggestions for Further Reading
Guide to Further Reading
TIMELINE
ABOUT THE WEBSITE
1 INTRODUCTION TOROMAN ART HISTORY
CULTURAL PROPERTY CONTROVERSIES
DATING DILEMMAS IN ROMAN ART HISTORY
RESTORATION ISSUES IN ROMAN ART HISTORY
THE ROLE OF ELITES IN PUBLIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE
CHRONOLOGY OF GREEK ART
ITALIC VERSUS CLASSICAL STYLES AND FORMS I: TEMPLES
ITALIC VERSUS CLASSICAL STYLES AND FORMS II: PORTRAITURE
FEMALE PORTRAITURE AND EMBEDDED VALUES
ROMANS JUDGING ROMAN ART: VALUES AND CLASS
ART, CONTEXT, AND SOCIAL STATUS I: THE TOMB OF VESTORIUS PRISCUS
ART, CONTEXT, AND SOCIAL STATUS II: THE ROMAN HOUSE
NARRATIVE MOMENT
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
2 REGAL PERIOD, 753–509 BCE : The Etruscans and the Question of Etruscan Dominance
INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF EARLY ROME AND ITALY
THE ETRUSCANS
Etruscan architecture and city planning
Etruscan Orientalizing art
Etruscan sculpture and portraiture
ART IN LATIUM, THE REGION AROUND ROME
MORE ON MYTH. Minerva Tritonia
ARCHAIC ROME: CITY PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Decorative Italic armor from Picenum
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Is the concept of Etruscan Rome a myth?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Architectural orders
Murlo (Poggio Civitate)
ART AND LITERATURE. Literature as a source for lost art and architecture: The case of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Architectural terracotta plaques, Murlo
ETRUSCAN TOMB PAINTINGS
MORE ON MYTH. Troilus
GRECO‐ITALIC ARCHAIC ARCHITECTURE: A DORIC TEMPLE AT POMPEII
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
3 THE EARLY REPUBLIC, 509–211 BCE : The Spread of Roman Power and Forms
INTRODUCTION TO EARLY ROMAN REPUBLICAN ART
A brief historical survey of the Early Republic
Greek wall painting: Tomb of the Diver, Paestum
Etruscan tomb painting of the fifth century BCE
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Can we understand the meaning of Etruscan tomb paintings?
Etruscan terracotta plaque, Pyrgi
MORE ON MYTH. Seven against Thebes
LUCANIAN TOMB PAINTING, PAESTUM
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Poseidonia/Paestum: Cultural crossroads of southern Italy
Etruscan tomb painting of the fourth century BCE
Roman tomb painting of the Early Republic
ART AND LITERATURE. Working together to paint a picture of the Roman triumph
ETRUSCAN AND CENTRAL ITALIAN BRONZE SCULPTURE
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Votive statuettes in the ancient world
TERRACOTTA VOTIVE SCULPTURE
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
Ostia: Rome’s first colony and planned community
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Pomerium
Maritime colonies at Cosa and Paestum, 273 BCE
FORM & FUNCTION. The Forum Romanum in the Republican period
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
4 THE LATER REPUBLIC, 211–31 BCE: The Origins of a Hellenistic Roman Culture
INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
ART AND LITERATURE. Greek art comes to Rome: The triumph of Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Architecture
Greek urban planning and sanctuary design
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Opus caementicium: Roman concrete, materials and methods
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Amphitheaters, a microcosm of the Roman world
ROMAN WALL PAINTING IN THE LATE REPUBLIC
First Style wall painting, 200–80 BCE
Second Style wall painting, 80–15 BCE
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. The inspiration(s) for Second Style wall painting
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. The monument of Aemilius Paullus at Delphi
LATE REPUBLICAN SCULPTURE
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
5 THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS, 31 bce–14 ce : The Art of Empire
AUGUSTUS
THE PORTRAITS OF AUGUSTUS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT/FORM & FUNCTION. The Doryphoros of Polykleitos
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Reproducing sculpture in the Roman world
AUGUSTUS AND THE CITY OF ROME
The Campus Martius
Ara Pacis Augustae
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. The Res Gestae of Augustus
Forum Augustum
ANCIENTS ON ART. The Forum Augustum and Temple of Mars Ultor
The Palatine Hill
Temple of Apollo Palatinus
ANCIENTS ON ART. Propertius, Elegy 2.31 on the Temple of Apollo Palatinus
“House of Augustus”
THIRD STYLE WALL PAINTING
Third Style painting at Oplontis
THE EMULATION OF AUGUSTAN ART
ART AND LITERATURE. Contemporary reactions to Third Style wall painting
TRADITIONAL ITALIC STYLE IN THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. The identification of the figures on the Portland Vase
CONCRETE ARCHITECTURE
GLASS AND GEMS
CONCLUSION
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Caesarea Maritima
ANCIENTS ON ART. Caesarea Maritima described by Josephus
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
6 THE JULIO‐CLAUDIANS, 14–68 CE : The Rise of Roman Dynastic Art
INTRODUCTION
TIBERIUS, 14–37 CE, AND CALIGULA, 37–41 CE
Portraiture
Dynastic monuments
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Cameo carving
Palace architecture and mythological sculpture
Imperial Villa dining room at Sperlonga
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Tiberius at Sperlonga
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Homer’s Odyssey or Vergil’s Aeneid? Literary inspiration for Sperlonga sculptures
CLAUDIUS, 41–54 CE
Portraiture
Dynastic monuments
Grand Camée
Historical reliefs
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Shrine for the worship of the emperors at Aphrodisias
Architecture
NERO, 54–68 CE
Portraiture of Nero
Portraiture of Julio‐Claudian women
Palace architecture
Domus Aurea, Nero’s Golden House
NON‐MYTHOLOGICAL WALL PAINTING, POMPEII
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INTERIOR DECORATION, POMPEII
Painted stucco decoration, Stabian Baths, Pompeii
Sanctuary of Isis, Pompeii
DECORATIVE METAL, GEMS, AND GLASS
ART AND LITERATURE. Latin literature and Roman domestic decoration
MORE ON MYTH. Actaeon and Pyramus and Thisbe in Ovid’s Metamorphoses
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
7 THE FLAVIANS, 69–96 CE : Civil War, Disaster, and Response
CIVIL WAR OF 68–69 CE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. The Jewish revolt
VESPASIAN AND TITUS, 69–81 CE
Portraiture
Architecture
The Colosseum
The Baths of Titus
Templum Pacis
ANCIENTS ON ART. The museum displays in the Templum Pacis
POMPEII AND HERCULANEUM
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Pliny’s account of the eruption of Vesuvius
Herculaneum
Pompeii
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Roman class and the patron–client system
MORE ON MYTH. The Cretan cycle of myths
DOMITIAN, 81–96 CE
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. A North African arena mosaic from Zliten
Portraiture
Historical reliefs. Arch of Titus
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Domitian and the redefinition of virtus
Cancelleria reliefs
FORM & FUNCTION. Personifications in Roman art
Tomb of the Haterii
Architecture
ART AND LITERATURE. Flavian architecture and ekphrastic poetry
DECORATIVE METAL AND GLASS
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
8 TRAJAN AND HADRIAN, 98–138 CE : Emperors from the Provinces
NERVA, 96–98 CE
TRAJAN, 98–117 ce, AND HADRIAN, 117–138 CE
Portraiture of Trajan and Hadrian
Portraiture of empresses
ARCHITECTURE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Antinous
SCULPTURE
Historical reliefs
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Cassius Dio on Trajan’s Dacian Wars
VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Tropaeum Traiani: celebrating victory on the frontier
Anaglypha Traiani
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Trajanic or Hadrianic sculpture: a debate about date
Funerary sculpture
Mythological sculpture
MORE ON MYTH. The Calydonian Boar Hunt
MOSAICS
ART AND LITERATURE
ANCIENTS ON ART. Sosus of Pergamon
LAMPS
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
9 ANTONINE EMPERORS, 138–192 CE : From an Empire of Gold to One of Rust
INTRODUCTION
ANTONINE PORTRAITURE
Portraits of emperors and empresses
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations
Non‐imperial portraiture
Commodus portraiture
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. Portraits from Palmyra
ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE
Relief sculpture honoring Hadrian and Antoninus Pius
MORE ON MYTH. Golden Apples of the Hesperides
Reliefs from victory monuments of Marcus Aurelius
ARCHITECTURE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Cassius Dio, on the miracle of the rain
WALL PAINTING AND MOSAICS
ART AND LITERATURE. Art and the Second Sophistic
SARCOPHAGI
Mythological sarcophagi
Biographical sarcophagi
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Sarcophagi – a search for meaning
Children’s sarcophagi
FAYUM MUMMY PORTRAITS
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Encaustic painting
CARVED GEMS
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
10 CIVIL WAR AND SEVERAN DYNASTY, 193–235 CE : Calm before the Storm
INTRODUCTION
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SEVERAN ART
PORTRAITURE
Portraiture of Julia Domna
BATHS OF CARACALLA: ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE IN ROME
ANCIENTS ON ART. Baths of Caracalla
ART AND LITERATURE. The Baths of Caracalla and literary descriptions of Roman bathing
HISTORICAL RELIEFS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. The Severan Parthian campaign
MOSAIC ART UNDER THE SEVERANS
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. The subject and meaning of the El Djem arena mosaic
SARCOPHAGI
MORE ON MYTH. Achilles and Penthesilea
FORMA URBIS ROMAE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Roman mapping tradition
ROMAN TEMPLES AT BAALBEK
SEVERAN BUILDING PROGRAM AT LEPCIS MAGNA
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. The Severan arch at Lepcis Magna, 203 ce
GEMS
TERRACOTTA
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
11 THE THIRD CENTURY AND THE TETRARCHY, 235–306 CE : Crisis and Renewal
THIRD‐CENTURY EMPERORS AND THE TETRARCHY
Philip the Arab, 244–249 CE
Decius, 249–251 CE
Valerian, 253–260 CE
Aurelian, 270–275 CE
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. The captivity and death of Valerian
Diocletian, 284–305 CE
The Tetrarchy
COIN PORTRAITS OF THE THIRD CENTURY CE
HISTORICAL RELIEFS
Decennalia Monument, Forum Romanum, Rome, 303 CE
Arch of Galerius, Thessalonica, 303 CE
SARCOPHAGI
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. Spolia and the reuse of art in the Roman world
ART AND LITERATURE. The Good Shepherd in Early Christian sculpture and literature
IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE
Baths of Diocletian
Architecture and mosaics: Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Artistic training in the Roman world
MOSAICS FROM THE CITY OF ANTIOCH‐ON‐THE‐ORONTES IN THE ROMAN EAST
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES. Creating mosaics
MORE ON MYTH. The Judgment of Paris
GLASS AND GEMS
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. The house church at Dura‐Europos
CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
12 CONSTANTINE, 306–337 CE : Christian Empire and the Decline of the West
CONSTANTINE, THE FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Constantine’s conversion experience
Portraiture
ARCHITECTURE AT TRIER: BUILDING A PROVINCIAL CAPITAL
ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE AT ROME: AUGMENTING THE IMPERIAL CAPITAL AND CREATING A DYNASTY
Basilica Nova
HISTORICAL CONTEXT. Celebrating civil war
Arch of Constantine
ART AND LITERATURE. Reconciling a Christian Constantine with his non‐Christian art
Constantinian church and tomb architecture in Rome
SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVE. The iconography and ownership of imperial porphyry sarcophagi
SILVER VESSELS IN THE FOURTH CENTURY CE
MOSAICS
MORE ON MYTH. Aeneas and Vergil’s Aeneid
A VIEW FROM THE PROVINCES. The Aeneid in Romano‐British mosaics
CONCLUSION
EPILOGUE: THE FALL OF ROME AND THE RISE OF NEW ROMES
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
GLOSSARY
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING. Books on Roman Arts in General, Aesthetics, Theory, Art Historical Approaches
Art, Empire, and Provinces
Architecture
Sculpture
Sarcophagi, Tombs, and Funerary Monuments
Painting and Mosaics
Houses, Villas, and Domestic Décor
Metalwork, Glass, Gems, and Coins
Terracotta and Lamps
Late Antiquity
INDEX
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