Men with assault rifles, balaclavas and Hawaiian shirts pulled over bulletproof vests. Horned warriors with painted faces and fur headdresses draped over their naked torsos. The storming of the Capitol brought together men who had previously come across one another only online in the Manosphere. These were men with a common interest, followers of a male-supremacist ideology, who rioted in order to fight for their privilege. Before then, the world had looked on as devastating attacks were carried out by incels: those who seek to gain unfettered access to women’s bodies by redrawing the hierarchy of the sexes in order to ensure the subjugation of women. For all of these men, masculinity is a political project, and the events at the Capitol were one episode in a growing movement. From the US and Canada to New Zealand, from Poland to Brazil, right-wing extremists, religious fundamentalists and male supremacists are coming together in order to translate their reactionary dreams of male domination into politics, underscoring the masculine roots of the authoritarian backlash.
Оглавление
Susanne Kaiser. Political Masculinity
CONTENTS
Guide
Pages
Political Masculinity. How Incels, Fundamentalists and Authoritarians Mobilize for Patriarchy
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Notes
I Organized Misogyny. 1 The Incel Movement
2 A New Type of Misogynistic Masculinity
3 The ‘Manosphere’: A Reservoir of Aggrieved Men
4 Violence against Women, Online and Offline
5 Attacks against Women
6 A New Form of Terrorism Emerges
Notes
II The Ideologies of Authoritarians: For the ‘Natural Order’ 1 Aggrieved Entitlement
2 The Politicization of Masculinity
3 The Prophets of the Masculinists
4 White Sharia
Notes
III The Politics of Masculinity. 1 Translating Aggrieved Entitlement into Political Action
2 Unholy Alliances
3 The Networks and Strategies of the Anti-Gender Movement
4 Follow the Money: How Transnational Movements Are Built
5 Riding Hegemonic Masculinity to Power
6 Biologism as an Attack on Democracy
7 Poster Girls and Female Architects
Notes
Conclusion: Masculinity in Uncertain Times
Notes
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
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SUSANNE KAISER
Translated by Valentine A. Pakis
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On the other hand, however – and like never before – women and other political minorities in Western societies have been calling into question this norm and the related privileges associated with white, male, hetero-cis domination. Ethically, normatively and discursively, the patriarchy has increasingly come under pressure. The prevailing social consensus is that equal rights are a desirable goal, and this view also sets the tone in the liberal progressive media.
This tension between the factual reality of the patriarchy and its discursive downfall is an essential reason why, in recent years, we have experienced a glut of denigrating and often hateful rhetoric against women. The polemics against equal rights – in the form of men’s forums, comment sections, or on social media – are only a small part of a large movement whose agitations against women and women’s rights can be observed in many social and political spheres. And, as chaotic as the storming of the Capitol Building may have seemed, scenes like this in public space are in fact well orchestrated. From Canada to New Zealand, from Brazil to Poland, there is a well-organized network of misogynistic, extreme right-wing actors who operate globally, as I will show with many examples in this book. Before the proponents of this movement take to the streets, there is first a verbal smear campaign; before women are treated with actual violence in the material world, violence-glorifying content is first shared on the internet. There is an online–offline continuum at work, and it is clear to see. The verbal attacks that trigger hatred towards women do not, however, come from extreme right-wing corners or generally extremist corners alone. Denigrating rhetoric targeting women is far more widespread in our societies: it can be found in the writings of Catholic clergymen, in statements made by the anti-abortion movement, in the verbal loutishness of right-wing populist or conservative politicians, and of course in the misogynistic and violence-glorifying ideology of incels.
