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T. W. Rolleston. CELTIC MYTHOLOGY (Illustrated Edition)
CELTIC MYTHOLOGY (Illustrated Edition)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Earliest References
Golden Age of the Celts
Alliances with the Greeks
Alexander the Great
The Sack of Rome
Celtic Place-names in Europe
Early Celtic Art
Celts and Germans
Downfall of the Celtic Empire
Unique Historical Position of Ireland
The Celtic Character
Cæsar's Account
Strabo on the Celts
Polybius
Diodorus
Ammianus Marcellinus
Rice Holmes on the Gauls
The Classical State
Teutonic Loyalty
Celtic Religion
The Cursing of Tara
What Europe Owes to the Celt
Religion
The Religion of the Celts
Ireland and the Celtic Religion
The Popular Religion of the Celts
The Megalithic People
Dolmens, Cromlechs, and Tumuli
Origin of the Megalithic People
The Celts of the Plains
The Celts of the Mountains
The Religion of Magic
Pliny on the Religion of Magic
Traces of Magic in Megalithic Monuments
Chiromancy at Gavr'inis
Holed Stones
Stone-Worship
Cup-and-Ring Markings
The Tumulus at New Grange
Symbolic Carvings at New Grange
The Ship Symbol at New Grange
The Ship Symbol in Egypt
The “Navetas”
The Ship Symbol in Babylonia
The Symbol of the Feet
The Ankh on Megalithic Carvings
Evidence from Language
Egyptian and “Celtic” Ideas of Immortality
The Doctrine of Transmigration
Cæsar on the Druidic Culture
Human Sacrifices in Gaul
Human Sacrifices in Ireland
And in Egypt
The Names of Celtic Deities
Caesar on the Celtic Deities
The God of the Underworld
The God of Light
The Celtic Conception of Death
The Five Factors in Ancient Celtic Culture
The Celts of To-day
The Mythical Literature
The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts
The Irish Mythological Cycle
The Tuatha dé Danann
The Gods of the Brythons
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF DIVINITIES WITH SIMILAR NAMES IN IRELAND, BRITAIN, AND GAUL
The Cúchulainn Cycle
The Fionn Saga
Gods and Men
The Cult of the Dead
Primitive Nature Worship
River and Well Worship
Tree and Plant Worship
Animal Worship
1
2
3
Cosmogony
Sacrifice, Prayer, and Divination
PRAYER
DIVINATION
Tabu
Festivals
SAMHAIN
BELTANE
MIDSUMMER
LUGNASAD
Accessories of Cult
TEMPLES
ALTARS
IMAGES
SYMBOLS
CULT OF WEAPONS
The Druids
Magic
The State of the Dead
Rebirth and Transmigration
Elysium
The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries
Preface
Introduction
I. The Religious Nature of the Fairy-Faith
II. The Interpretation of the Fairy-Faith
III. The Method of Studying the Fairy-faith
IV. Divisions of the Study
V. The Collecting of Material
VI. Theories of the Fairy-Faith
VII. The Importance of Studying the Fairy-faith
Section I. The Living Fairy-faith
Chapter I. Environment
In Ireland
In Scotland
In the Isle of Man
In Wales
In Cornwall
In Brittany
Chapter II. The Taking of Evidence
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
II. IN IRELAND
The Fairy Folk of Tara
Evidence from Kilmessan, near Tara
In the Valley of the Boyne
The Testimony of an Irish Priest
The Testimony of a Galway Piper
The Testimony of ‘Old Patsy’ of Aranmore
The Testimony of a Roman Catholic Theologian
The Testimony of the Town Clerk of Tuam
County Sligo, and the Testimony of a Peasant Seer14
Evidence from Grange
A Tailor’s Testimony
Bridget O’Conner’s Testimony
The Spirit World at Carns
Under the Shadow of Ben Bulbin and Ben Waskin
A Schoolmaster’s Testimony
With the Irish Mystics in the Sidhe World
An Irish Mystic’s Testimony
Parallel Evidence as to the Sidhe Races
Independent Evidence from the Sidhe World
The Testimony of a College Professor
Evidence from County Roscommon
The Testimony of a Lough Derg Seer
Evidence from County Fermanagh
Evidence from County Antrim
In Cuchulainn’s Country: A Civil Engineer’s Testimony
On the Slopes of Slieve Gullion
The Testimony of two Dromintee Percipients
The Testimony of a Dromintee Seeress
Evidence from Lough Gur, County Limerick
Testimony from a County Kerry Seer
III. IN SCOTLAND
Aberfoyle, the Country of Robert Kirk
A Scotch Minister’s Testimony
In the Highlands
The Testimony of John Dunbar of Invereen
To the Western Hebrides
Evidence from the Isle of Skye
The Isle of Barra,38 Western Hebrides
John MacNeil’s Testimony
The Testimony of John Campbell, Ninety-four Years Old
An Aged Piper’s Testimony
Across the Mountains
Marian MacLean of Barra, and her Testimony
The Testimony of Murdoch MacLean
Michael Buchanan’s Deposition Concerning Fairies
The Reciters’ Lament, and their Story
IV. IN THE ISLE OF MAN
On the Slopes of South Barrule
Manx Tales in a Snow-bound Farm-house
Testimony of a Herb-Doctor and Seer
Testimony of a Ballasalla Manxwoman
Testimony Given in a Joiner’s Shop
A Vicar’s Testimony
A Canon’s Testimony
Fairy Tales on Christmas Day
Testimony from the Keeper of Peel Castle
To the Memory of a Manx Scholar
Testimony of a Farmer and Fisherman
Evidence from a Member of the House of Keys
Testimony from a Past Provincial Grand Master
V. IN WALES
Testimony of an Anglesey Bard
Evidence from Central Anglesey
Testimony from Two Anglesey Centenarians
Testimony from an Anglesey Seeress
Testimony from a Professor of Welsh
Evidence from North Carnarvonshire
Evidence from South Carnarvonshire
Evidence from Merionethshire
Fairy Tribes in Montgomeryshire
In Cardiganshire; and a Folk-lorist’s Testimony
Testimony from a Welshman Ninety-four Years Old
In Merlin’s Country; and a Vicar’s Testimony
Testimony from a Justice of the Peace
Additional Evidence from Carmarthenshire
In Pembrokeshire; at the Pentre Evan Cromlech
In the Gower Peninsula, Glamorganshire
Testimony from an Archaeologist
Fairies Among Gower English Folk
Conclusion
VI. IN CORNWALL
A Cornish Historian’s Testimony
Peasant Evidence from the Crill Country
Evidence from Constantine
At St. Michael’s Mount, Marazion
In Penzance: An Architect’s Testimony
A Cornish Editor’s Opinion
A Cornish Folk-lorist’s Testimony
Evidence from Newlyn
An Artist’s Testimony
Testimony from the Historian of Mousehole
A Seaman’s Testimony
Testimony by Two Land’s End Farmers
Testimony from a Sennen Cove Fisherman
Testimony from a Cornish Miner
Testimony from King Arthur’s Country
VII. IN BRITTANY
Breton Fairies or Fées
The Corrigan Race94
The Breton Legend of the Dead
Conclusion
Chapter III. An Anthropological Examination of the Evidence
The Celtic Fairy-Faith as Part of a World-wide Animism
Shaping Influence of Social Psychology
The Smallness of Elvish Spirits and Fairies. Ethnological or Pygmy Theory
Animistic Theory
Alchemical and Mystical Theory
Conclusion
The Changeling Belief
Kidnap Theory
Human-Sacrifice Theory
Soul-Wandering Theory
Demon-Possession Theory
Conclusion
Magic and Witchcraft
Theories of Modern Anthropologists
Among the Ancients171
Among the Ancient Celts
European and American Witchcraft
Conclusion
Exorcisms
Taboos
Among Ancient Celts
Food-Sacrifice
The Celtic Legend of the Dead
General Conclusion
Section II. The Recorded Fairy-faith
Chapter IV. The People of the Goddess Dana (Tuatha Dé Danann) or the Sidhe (pronounced Shee)219
Nature of the Sidhe
The Palaces of the Sidhe
How the Sidhe ‘took’ Mortals
Hill Visions of Sidhe Women
The Minstrels Or Musicians of the Sidhe
Social Organization and Warfare among the Sidhe
The Sidhe as War-Goddesses or the Badb
The Sidhe in the Battle of Clontarf, a. d. 1014
Conclusion
Chapter V. Brythonic Divinities and the Brythonic Fairy-faith265
Arthur and Arthurian Mythology
The Literary Evolution and the Antiquity of the Brythonic Fairy-Romances
Chapter VI. The Celtic Otherworld321
General Description
The Silver Branch325 and the Golden Bough
The Otherworld Idea Literally Interpreted
The Voyage of Bran, Son of Febal
Cormac’s Adventure in the Land of Promise330
The Magic Wand of Gods, Fairies, and Druids
The Sick-Bed of Cuchulainn
Ossian’s Return from Fairyland339
The Going of Lanval to Avalon
The Voyage of Teigue, Son of Cian
The Adventures of Art, Son of Conn
Otherworld Quests of Cuchulainn and of Arthur
Literary Evolution of the Happy Otherworld Idea
Chapter VII. The Celtic Doctrine of Re-birth357
Relation with the Otherworld
Historical Survey of the Re-Birth Doctrine
According to the Barddas MSS
According to Ancient and Modern Authorities
Reincarnation of the Tuatha De Danann
The Re-birth Story Concerning King Mongan
The Birth of Etain of the Tuatha De Danann398
The Pre-existence of Dermot
Re-birth of Tuan
Re-birth among the Brythons
King Arthur as a Reincarnated Hero
Non-Celtic Parallels
Re-birth Among Modern Celts
In Ireland
In Scotland
In the Isle of Man
In Wales
In Cornwall
In Brittany
Origin and Evolution of the Celtic Doctrine Of Re-birth
Section III. The Cult of Gods, Spirits, Fairies, and the Dead
Chapter VIII. The Testimony of Archaeology428
Menhirs, Dolmens, Cromlechs, and Tumuli
New Grange and Celtic Mysteries
The Aengus Cult
New Grange and the Great Pyramid compared
Gavrinis and New Grange Compared
Chapter IX. The Testimony of Paganism
The Cult of Sacred Waters
The Cult of Sacred Trees
The Cult of Fairies, Spirits, and the Dead
Celtic and Non-Celtic Feasts of the Dead
Conclusion
Chapter X. The Testimony of Christianity
St. Patrick’s Purgatory
Purgatorial and Initiatory Rites
Pagan Origin of Purgatorial Doctrine
Christian Rites in Honour of the Departed
Conclusion
Section IV. Modern Science and the Fairy Faith; And Conclusions566
Chapter XI. Science and Fairies
Method of Examination
Scientific Attitudes towards the Animistic Hypothesis
Problems of Consciousness
Dreams
‘Supernatural’ Lapse of Time
Psychical Research and Fairies
Psychical Research and Anthropology in relation to the Fairy-Faith. According to a special contribution from Mr. Andrew Lang
The Present Position of Psychical Research
The Final Testing of the X-quantity
Conclusion
Chapter XII. The Celtic Doctrine of Re-birth and Otherworld Scientifically Examined
Footnotes:
Myths
Mythic Powers of the Gods
References
Myths of Origins
References
The Irish Invasion Myths
The Celtic Cosmogony
The Cycles of Irish Legend
The Mythological Cycle
The Coming of Partholan
The Fomorians
The Legend of Tuan mac Carell
The Nemedians
The Coming of the Firbolgs
The Coming of the People of Dana
The Popular and the Bardic Conceptions
The Treasures of the Danaans
The Danaans and the Firbolgs
The First Battle of Moytura
The Expulsion of King Bres
The Tyranny of the Fomorians
The Coming of Lugh
The Quest of the Sons of Turenn
The Second Battle of Moytura
The Death of Balor
The Harp of the Dagda
Names and Characteristics of the Danaan Deities
The Dagda
Angus Ōg
Len of Killarney
Lugh
Midir the Proud
Lir and Mananan
The Goddess Dana
The Morrigan
Cleena's Wave
The Goddess Ainé
Sinend and the Well of Knowledge
The Coming of the Milesians
The Poet Amergin
The Judgment of Amergin
The Defeat of the Danaans
The Meaning of the Danaan Myth
The Meaning of the Milesian Myth
The Children of Lir
The Tale of Ethné
Christianity and Paganism in Ireland
The Early Milesian Kings
The Danaans after the Milesian Conquest
The Milesian Settlement of Ireland
Tiernmas and Crom Cruach
Ollav Fōla
Kimbay and the Founding of Emain Macha
Laery and Covac
Legends of Maon, Son of Ailill
Legend-Cycle of Conary Mōr
Etain in Fairyland
Eochy and Etain
The Love-Story of Ailill
Midir the Proud
The Land of Youth
A Game of Chess
Midir and Etain
War with Fairyland
The Tale of Conary Mōr
The Law of the Geis
The Cowherd's Fosterling
Parentage and Birth of Conary
Conary the High King
Conary's Geise
Beginning of the Vengeance
Da Derga's Hostel and the Three Reds
Gathering of the Hosts
The Morrigan
Conary and his Retinue
Champions at the House
Death of Conary
Mac Cecht's Wound
“Is thy Lord Alive?”
Tales of the Ultonian Cycle
The Curse of Macha
Conor mac Nessa
The Red Branch
Birth of Cuchulain
The Hound of Cullan
Cuchulain Assumes Arms
His Courtship of Emer
Cuchulain in the Land of Skatha
Cuchulain and Aifa
The Tragedy of Cuchulain and Connla
Cuchulain's First Foray
The Winning of Emer
Cuchulain Champion of Erin
Deirdre and the Sons of Usna
The Rebellion of Fergus
Queen Maev
The Brown Bull of Quelgny
The Hosting of Queen Maev
Ulster under the Curse
Prophetic Voices
Cuchulain Puts the Host under Geise
The Ford of the Forked Pole
The Charioteer of Orlam
The Battle-Frenzy of Cuchulain
The Compact of the Ford
Fergus and Cuchulain
Capture of the Brown Bull
The Morrigan
The Fight with Loch
Lugh the Protector
The Sacrifice of the Boy Corps
The Carnage of Murthemney
The Clan Calatin
Ferdia to the Fray
Death of Ferdia
The Rousing of Ulster
The Battle of Garach
The Fight of the Bulls
Cuchulain in Fairyland
Fand, Emer, and Cuchulain
The Vengeance of Maev
Cuchulain and Blanid
The Madness of Cuchulain
The Washer at the Ford
Clan Calatin Again
Death of Cuchulain
The Recovery of the Tain
The Phantom Chariot of Cuchulain
Death of Conor mac Nessa
Ket and the Boar of mac Datho
The Death of Ket
The Death of Maev
Fergus mac Leda and the Wee Folk
The Blemish of Fergus
Death of Fergus
Significance of Irish Place-Names
Tales of the Ossianic Cycle
The Fianna of Erin
The Ossianic Cycle
Contrasted with the Ultonian Cycle
The Coming of Finn
Finn and the Goblin
Finn's Chief Men: Conan mac Lia
Conan mac Morna
Dermot O'Dyna
Keelta mac Ronan and Oisīn
Oscar
Geena mac Luga
Maxims of the Fianna
Character of Finn
Tests of the Fianna
Keelta and St. Patrick
The Birth of Oisīn
Oisīn and Niam
The Journey to Fairyland
Oisīn's Return
The Broken Spell
Oisīn and Patrick
The Enchanted Cave
The Chase of Slievegallion
The “Colloquy of the Ancients”
Keelta Meets St. Patrick
The Well of Tradaban
St. Patrick and Irish Legend
The Brugh of Slievenamon
The Three Young Warriors
The Fair Giantess
St. Patrick, Oisīn, and Keelta
Tales of Dermot
The Boar of Ben Bulben
How Dermot Got the Love Spot
The Chase of the Hard Gilly
Dermot at the Well
The Rescue of Fairyland
Effect of Christianity on the Development of Irish Literature
The Tales of Deirdre and of Grania
Grania and Dermot
The Pursuit
Dermot and Finn Make Peace
The Vengeance of Finn
Death of Dermot
The End of Grania
Two Streams of Fian Legends
End of the Fianna
The Battle of Gowra
The Death of Oscar
The End of Finn
The Voyage of Maeldūn
The Island of the Slaves
The Island of the Ants
The Island of the Great Birds
The Island of the Fierce Beast
The Island of the Giant Horses
The Island of the Stone Door
The Island of the Apples
The Island of the Wondrous Beast
The Island of the Biting Horses
The Island of the Fiery Swine
The Island of the Little Cat
The Island of the Black and the White Sheep
The Island of the Giant Cattle
The Island of the Mill
The Island of the Black Mourners
The Island of the Four Fences
The Island of the Glass Bridge
The Island of the Shouting Birds
The Island of the Anchorite
The Island of the Miraculous Fountain
The Island of the Smithy
The Sea of Clear Glass
The Undersea Island
The Island of the Prophecy
The Island of the Spouting Water
The Island of the Silvern Column
The Island of the Pedestal
The Island of the Women
The Island of the Red Berries
The Island of the Eagle
The Island of the Laughing Folk
The Island of the Flaming Rampart
The Island of the Monk of Tory
The Island of the Falcon
The Home-coming
Myths and Tales of the Cymry
Bardic Philosophy
The Arthurian Saga
Nennius
Geoffrey of Monmouth
The Saga in Brittany: Marie de France
Chrestien de Troyes
Bleheris
Conclusion as to the Origin of the Arthurian Saga
The Saga in Wales
Gaelic and Cymric Legend Compared
Gaelic and Continental Romance
Gaelic and Cymric Mythology: Nudd
Llyr and Manawyddan
Llew Llaw Gyffes
The Houses of Dōn and of Llyr
The House of Arthur
Gwyn ap Nudd
Myrddin, or Merlin
Nynniaw and Peibaw
The “Mabinogion”
Pwyll, Head of Hades
The Wedding of Pwyll and Rhiannon
The Penance of Rhiannon
The Finding of Pryderi158
The Tale of Bran and Branwen
The Magic Cauldron
The Punishment of Branwen
The Invasion of Bran
The Meal-bags
Death of Evnissyen
The Wonderful Head
The Tale of Pryderi and Manawyddan
The Tale of Māth Son of Māthonwy
Gwydion and the Swine of Pryderi
Death of Pryderi
The Penance of Gwydion and Gilvaethwy
The Children of Arianrod: Dylan
Llew Llaw Gyffes
How Llew Got his Name
How Llew Took Arms
The Flower-Wife of Llew
Betrayal of Llew
The Healing of Llew
The Dream of Maxen Wledig
The Story of Lludd and Llevelys
Tales of Arthur
Kilhwch and Olwen
Kilhwch at Arthur's Court
Servitors of Arthur
Custennin
Olwen of the White Track
Yspaddaden
The Tasks of Kilhwch
The Dream of Rhonabwy
The Lady of the Fountain
The Adventure of Kymon
The Character of Welsh Romance
Defeat of Kymon
Owain and the Black Knight
The Search for Owain
Owain Forgets his Lady
Owain and the Lion
Release of Luned
The Tale of Enid and Geraint
He Goes Forth in Quest of Adventure
His First Feat of Arms
The Castle of Wonders
The Conte del Graal
Wolfram von Eschenbach
The Continuators of Chrestien
The Grail a Talisman of Abundance
The Celtic Cauldron of Abundance
The Tale of Taliesin
The Luck of Elphin
Taliesin, Prime Bard of Britain
Conclusion
The Mabinogion
Introduction
The Lady of the Fountain
Peredur the Son of Evrawc
Geraint the Son of Erbin
Kilhwch and Olwen or the Twrch Trwyth
The Dream of Rhonabwy
Pwyll Prince of Dyved
Branwen the Daughter of Llyr
Here is the Second Portion of the Mabinogi
Manawyddan the Son of Llyr
Here is the Third Portion of the Mabinogi
Math the Son of Mathonwy
This is the Fourth Portion of the Mabinogi
The Dream of Maxen Wledig
Here is the Story of Lludd and Llevelys
Taliesin
FOOTNOTES
