History of English Literature (Vol. 1-3)

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Taine Hippolyte. History of English Literature (Vol. 1-3)

History of English Literature (Vol. 1-3)

Table of Contents

Volume 1

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION. I. Historical documents serve only as a clue to reconstruct the visible individual

II. The outer man is only a clue to study the inner invisible man

III. The state and the actions of the inner and invisible man have their causes in certain general ways of thought and feeling

IV. Chief causes of thought and feeling. Their historical effects

V. The three primordial forces.—Race

VI. History is a mechanical and psychological problem. Within certain limits man can foretell

VII. Law of formation of a group. Examples and indications

VIII. General problem and future of history. Psychological method. Value of literature. Purpose in writing this book

BOOK I.—THE SOURCE

CHAPTER FIRST. The Saxons

SECTION I.—The Coast of the North Sea

SECTION II.—The Northern Barbarians

SECTION III.—Saxon Ideas

SECTION IV.—Saxon Heroes

SECTION V.—Pagan Poems

SECTION VI.—Christian Poems

SECTION VII.—Primitive Saxon Authors

SECTION VIII.—Virility of the Saxon Race

CHAPTER SECOND. The Normans

SECTION I.—The Feudal Man

SECTION II.—Normans and Saxons Contrasted

SECTION III.—French Forms of Thought

SECTION IV.—The Normans in England

SECTION V.—The English Tongue—Early English Literary Impulses

SECTION VI.—Feudal Civilization

SECTION VII.—Persistence of Saxon Ideas

SECTION VIII.—The English Constitution

SECTION IX.—Piers Plowman and Wyclif

CHAPTER THIRD. The New Tongue

SECTION I.—The First Great Poet

SECTION II.—The Decline of the Middle Ages

SECTION III.—The Poetry of Chaucer

SECTION IV.—Characteristics of the Canterbury Tales

SECTION V.—The Art of Chaucer

SECTION VI.—Scholastic Philosophy

BOOK II.—THE RENAISSANCE

CHAPTER FIRST. The Pagan Renaissance

Part I.—Manners of the Time

SECTION I.—Ideas of the Middle Ages

SECTION II.—Growth of New Ideas

SECTION III.—Popular Festivals

SECTION IV.—Influence of Classic Literature

Part II.—Poetry

SECTION I.—Renaissance of Saxon Genius

SECTION II.—The Earl of Surrey

SECTION III.—Surrey's Style

SECTION IV.—Development of Artistic Ideas

SECTION V.—Wherein Lies the Strength of the Poetry of this Period

SECTION VI.—Edmund Spenser

SECTION VII.—Spenser in his Relation to the Renaissance

Part III.—Prose

SECTION I.—The Decay of Poetry

SECTION II.—The Intellectual Level of the Renaissance

SECTION III.—Robert Burton

SECTION IV.—Sir Thomas Browne

SECTION V.—Francis Bacon

CHAPTER SECOND. The Theatre

SECTION I.—The Public and the Stage

SECTION II.—Manners of the Sixteenth Century

SECTION III.—Some Aspects of the English Mind

SECTION IV.—The Poets of the Period

SECTION V.—Formation of the Drama

SECTION VI.—Furious Passions—Exaggerated Characters

SECTION VII.—Female Characters

CHAPTER THIRD. Ben Jonson

SECTION I.—The Man—His Life

SECTION II.—His Freedom and Precision of Style

SECTION III.—The Dramas Catiline and Sejanus

SECTION IV.—Comedies

SECTION V.—Limits of Jonson's Talent—His Smaller Poems—His Masques

SECTION VI.—General Idea of Shakespeare

CHAPTER FOURTH. Shakespeare

SECTION I.—Life and Character of Shakespeare

SECTION II.—Shakespeare's Style—Copiousness—Excesses

SECTION III.—Shakespeare's Language And Manners

SECTION IV.—Dramatis Personæ

SECTION V.—Men of Wit

SECTION VI.—Shakespeare's Women

SECTION VII.—Types of Villains

SECTION VIII.—Principal Characters

SECTION IX.—Characteristics of Shakespeare's Genius

INDEX

Volume 2

Table of Contents

BOOK II.—THE RENAISSANCE (Continued)

CHAPTER FIFTH. The Christian Renaissance

Section I.—Decay of the Southern Civilizations

Section II.—Luther and the Reformation in Germany

Section III.—The Reformation in England

Section IV.—The Anglicans

Section V.—The Puritans

Section VI.—John Bunyan

CHAPTER SIXTH. Milton

Section I.—Milton's Family and Education

Section II.—Milton's Unhappy Domestic Life

Section III.—Milton's Combative Energy

Section IV.—Milton's Personal Appearance

Section V.—Milton as a Prose Writer

Section VI.—Milton as a Poet

BOOK III.—THE CLASSIC AGE

CHAPTER FIRST. The Restoration

Part I.—The Roisterers

Section I.—The Excesses of Puritanism

Section II.—A Frenchman's View of the Manners of the Time

Section III.—Butler's Hudibras

Section IV.—Morals of the Court

Section V.—Method and Style of Hobbes

Section VI.—The Theatre

Section VII.—Dryden and the Drama

Section VIII.—Wycherley

Part II—The Worldlings

Section I.—Court Life in Europe

Section II.—Dawn of the Classic Spirit

Section III.—Sir William Temple

Section IV.—Writers à la Mode

Section V.—Sir John Denham

Section VI.—Wycherley, Congreve, Vanbrugh and Farquhar

Section VII.—Superficiality Of English Comedy

Section VIII.—Natural Characters

Section IX.—Artificial Characters

Section X.—Sheridan.—Decadence of the Theatre

CHAPTER SECOND. Dryden

Section I.—Dryden's Début

Section II.—Dryden's Family and Education

Section III.—Dramatic Theories of Dryden

Section IV.—The Style of Dryden's Plays

Section V.—His Merit as a Dramatist

Section VI.—His Prose Style

Section VII.—How Literature in England is Occupied with Politics and Religion

Section VIII.—Development of the Art of Writing

Section IX.—Dryden's Translations and Adaptations.—His Occasional Soul—Stirring Verses

Section X.—Misfortunes of Dryden's Old Age

CHAPTER THIRD. The Revolution

Section I.—The Moral Revolution

Section II.—Brutality of the People.—Private Morals.—Chesterfield and Gay

Section III.—Principles of Civilization in France and England

Section IV.—Religion

Section V.—The Pulpit

Section VI.—Theology

Section VII.—The Constitution.—Locke's Theory of Government

Section VIII.—Parliamentary Orators

Section IX.—Doctrines of the French Revolution Contrasted with the Conservative Tendencies of the English People

CHAPTER FOURTH. Addison

Section I.—The Significance of the Writings of Addison and Swift

Section II.—Addison's Character and Education

Section III.—Addison's Seriousness.—His Nobility of Character

Section IV.—The Morality of Addison's Essays

Section V.—How Addison made Morality Fashionable.—Characteristics of His Style

Section VI.—Addison's Gallantry.—His Humor.—Sir Roger de Coverley.—The Vision of Mirza

CHAPTER FIFTH. Swift

Section I.—Concerning Swift's Life and Character

Section II.—Swift's Prosaic and Positive Mind

Section III.—Swift as a Political Pamphleteer

Section IV.—Swift as a Humorist.—As a Poet

Section V.—Swift as a Narrator and Philosopher

CHAPTER SIXTH. The Novelists

Section I.—The Anti-Romantic Novel

Section II.—Daniel De Foe

Section III—The Evolution of the Eighteenth Century Novel

Section IV.—Samuel Richardson

Section V.—Henry Fielding

Section VI.—Tobias Smollett

Section VII.—Laurence Sterne

Section VIII.—Oliver Goldsmith

Section IX.—Samuel Johnson

Section X.—William Hogarth

INDEX

Volume 3

Table of Contents

BOOK III.—THE CLASSIC AGE (Continued)

CHAPTER SEVENTH. The Poets

Section I—The Domination of the Classical Spirit

Section II.—Alexander Pope.—His Education and Mode of Life

Section III.—Eloisa to Abelard.—The Rape of the Lock.—The Dunciad

Section IV.—Pope's Descriptive Talent.—His Didactic Poems

Section V.—The Poets Prior, Gay and Thomson

Section VI.—The Beginnings of the Modern Age

BOOK IV—MODERN LIFE

CHAPTER FIRST. Ideas and Productions

Section I—Rise of Democracy

Section II.—Robert Burns

Section III.—Conservative Rule in England.—Cowper's Poetry

Section IV.—The Romantic School

Section V.—Philosophy Enters into Literature.—Wordsworth.—Shelley

CHAPTER SECOND. Lord Byron

Section I.—His Life and Character

Section II.—The Style of Byron's Poetry

Section III.—Byron's Short Poems

Section IV.—Manfred

Section V.—What Byron's Contemporaries Thought of Him.—His Morals

Section VI.—The Malady of the Age

CHAPTER THIRD. The Past and Present

Part I.—The Past

Section I.—The Saxon Invasion.—The Norman Conquest

Section II.—Formative Periods

Section III.—The Broadening of Ideas

Part II.—The Present

Section I.—Effects of the Saxon Invasion and the Norman Conquest

Section II.—English Commerce and Industry

Section III.—Agriculture

Section IV.—English Society.—Philosophy.—Religion

Section V.—What Forces Have Produced the Present Civilization

BOOK V—MODERN AUTHORS

Introductory Note

CHAPTER FIRST. The Novel.—Dickens

Part I.—The Author

Section I.—Importance of the Imaginative Faculty

Section II.—Boldness of Dickens' Imagination

Section III.—His Trivialities.—His Minuteness

Section IV.—His Emotions.—His Pathos.—His Humor

Part II.—The Public

Section I.—The Morality of English Novels

Part III.—The Characters

Section I.—Dickens's Love for Natural Characters

Section II.—The Hypocrite.—The Positive Man.—The Proud Man

Section III.—Children

Section IV.—The Ideal Man

CHAPTER SECOND. The Novel (Continued)—Thackeray. Comparison Between Dickens and Thackeray

Part I.—The Satirist

Section I.—The English Satirist

Section II.—The English Temperament

Section III.—Superiority of Thackeray as a Satirist.—Literary Snobs

Section IV.—Resemblance of Thackeray to Swift

Section V.—Thackeray's Misanthropy

Section VI.—His Characters

Part II.—The Artist

Section I—The Art of Thackeray

Section II.—Portrait of Henry Esmond.—Historical Talent

Section III.—Literature the Definition of Man

CHAPTER THIRD. Criticism and History—Macaulay

Section I.—His Position in England

Section II.—Essays

Section III.—His Critical Method

Section IV—His Love of Political Liberty

Section V.—Characteristics of Macaulay's Style

Section VI.—His Rudeness and Humor

Section VII.—Estimate of Macaulay's Work

Section VIII.—Comparison of Macaulay with French Historians

CHAPTER FOURTH. Philosophy and History—Carlyle

Part I.—Style and Mind

Section I.—Carlyle's Obscurity and Crudeness

Section II.—The Humor of Carlyle

Section III.—Perception of the Real and the Sublime

Section IV.—His Passion for Actuality

Section V.—His Mode of Thought

Part II—Vocation

Section I.—The Appearance and Development of Original Minds

Section II.—Characteristics of the German Form of Mind

Section III.—German Aptitude for General Ideas

Section IV.—Faults of the German Form of Thought

Section V.—How Ideas are Reshaped

Section VI.—Growth of German Ideas in England

Part III.—Philosophy, Morality, and Criticism

Section I.—Carlyle's Metaphysics

Section II.—His Transposition of German Metaphysics into English Puritanism

Section III.—Conception of God and Duty

Section IV.—Conception of Christianity

Section V.—Carlyle's Criticism

Section VI.—The Future of Criticism

Part IV.—Conception of History

Section I.—Great Men

Section II.—Wherein Carlyle is Original

Section III.—In What Genuine History Consists

Section IV.—Carlyle's History of Cromwell

Section V.—His History of the French Revolution

Section VI.—His Opinion of Modern England

Section VII.—The Dangers of Enthusiasm.—Comparison of Carlyle and Macaulay

CHAPTER FIFTH. Philosophy—Stuart Mill

Section I.—Lack of General Ideas

Section II.—Why Metaphysics are Lacking

Section III.—Mill's Philosophical Method

Part I.—Experience

Section I.—The Object of Logic

Section II.—Discussion of Ideas

Section III.—The Two Corner-Stones of Logic

Section IV.—Theory of Definitions

Section V.—Theory of Proof

Section VI.—Theory of Axioms

Section VII.—Theory of Induction

Section VIII.—Applications of the Theory of Induction

Section IX.—The Province and Method of Deduction

Section X.—Comparison of the Methods of Induction and Deduction

Section XI.—Limits of Our Knowledge

Part II.—Abstraction

Section I.—Agreement of this Philosophy with the English Mind

Section II.—The Nature of Abstraction

Section III.—Definitions Explain the Abstract Generating Elements of Things

Section IV.—The Basis of Proof in Syllogism is an Abstract Law

Section V.—Axioms are Relations between Abstract Truths

Section VI.—The Methods of Induction

Section VII.—Experience and Abstraction

Section VIII.—Idea and Limits of Metaphysics

Section IX.—A Morning in Oxford

CHAPTER SIXTH. Poetry—Tennyson

Section I.—His Talent and Work

Section II.—Portraits of Women

Section III.—Wherein Tennyson is at One with Nature

Section IV.—In Memoriam.—The Princess

Section V.—The Idylls of the King

Section VI.—Comparison of English and French Society

INDEX

Footnote

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Hippolyte Taine

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Your disease to drive away;

To see the fishes in pools play,

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