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The Elements of Style

William Strunk Jr.

Chapter 1 Introductory

Chapter 2 Elementary Rules of Usage

1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's.

2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.

3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.

4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause.

5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma.

6. Do not break sentences in two.

7. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject.

8. Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation.

Chapter 3 Elementary Principles of Composition

1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic.

2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning.

3. Use the active voice.

4. Put statements in positive form.

5. Omit needless words.

6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences.

7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form.

8. Keep related words together.

9. In summaries, keep to one tense.

10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end.

Chapter 4 A Few Matters of Form

Chapter 5 Words and Expressions Commonly Misused

Chapter 6 Words Commonly Misspelled