Battles of the Civil War

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Thomas Elbert Vineyard. Battles of the Civil War

AUTHOR'S PREFACE

FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

THE BATTLE OF SHILOH

THE BATTLES OF FAIR OAKS AND SEVEN PINES

THE SEVEN DAYS' BATTLES

THE BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN

BATTLE OF ANTIETAM

THE BATTLE OF MURFREESBORO

THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG

THE BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

THE SIEGE OF VICKSBURG

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA

THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONARY RIDGE

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS

THE BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE

THE BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR

SHERMAN'S MARCH TO THE SEA

BATTLE OF CLOYD MOUNTAIN

THE SIEGE AND FALL OF PETERSBURG

THE SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOX

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At the beginning of July, 1861, the Federals had 30,000 men encamped along the Potomac near the heights of Arlington under the general command of General Winfield Scott, who was a veteran of the war of 1812, as well as the Mexican war, but who was at this time aged and infirm, and remained in Washington, and Brigadier-General Irvin McDowell was in immediate command of the army. Another 20,000 men lay at Martinsburg under General Patterson who like Scott was a veteran of the war of 1812 and of the Mexican war.

At Manassas Junction, about thirty miles from Washington, lay the Confederate army under Brigadier-General Beauregard. General Joseph E. Johnston was in command of 9,000 men in the Shenandoah Valley. Johnston and Beauregard, as well as McDowell, had with Scott and Patterson battled at the gates of Mexico.

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In his address to his soldiers he said: "You have done your duty. Your countrymen are proud of your deeds on the bloody field of Shiloh: Confident of the ultimate result of your valor."

The two days at Shiloh were astonishing to the American people. Bull Run was a skirmish in comparison with Shiloh. The loss on each side was more than 10,000 men. General Grant said that after the battle there was an open field so covered with dead that it would have been possible to walk across it in any direction stepping on dead bodies without the foot touching the ground.

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