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The History of Colonial Virginia: Planters
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER I. ENGLAND IN THE NEW WORLD
CHAPTER II. THE INDIAN WEED
CHAPTER III. THE VIRGINIA YEOMANRY
CHAPTER IV. FREEMEN AND FREEDMEN
CHAPTER V. THE RESTORATION PERIOD
CHAPTER VI. THE YEOMAN IN VIRGINIA HISTORY
CHAPTER VII. WORLD TRADE
CHAPTER VIII. BENEATH THE BLACK TIDE
NOTES TO CHAPTERS
APPENDIX
RENT ROLL OF VIRGINIA. 1704–1705
Thomas J. Wertenbaker
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An appreciable proportion of the so-called criminal laborers were no more than political prisoners taken in the rebellions of the Seventeenth century. These men frequently represented the sturdiest and most patriotic elements in the kingdom and were a source of strength rather than of weakness to the colony. When Drogheda was captured by Cromwell's stern Puritan troops in 1649, some of the unfortunate rebels escaped the firing squad only to be sent to America to serve in the sugar or tobacco fields. Just how many of these Irishmen fell to the share of Virginia it is impossible to say, but the number rises well into the hundreds, and the patent books of the period are full of headrights of undoubted Irish origin.26
When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 it became the turn of the Puritans to suffer, and many non-conformists and former Oliverian soldiers were sent to Virginia. In fact so many old Commonwealth men were serving in the tobacco fields in 1663 that they felt strong enough to plot, not only for their own freedom, but for the overthrow of the colonial government.27 In 1678, after the suppression of the Scottish Covenanters by the Highland Host, a new batch of prisoners were sent to the plantations.28 Seven years later many of Monmouth's followers taken at Sedgemour, who were fortunate enough to escape the fury of Jeffreys and Kirk, were forced to work in the plantations.
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