Оглавление
Thomas Jefferson. The Jefferson Bible - Life And Morals Of Jesus Of Nazareth
The History of The Bible
THE JEFFERSON BIBLE - LIFE AND MORALS OF JESUS OF NAZARETH
PREFACE
RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON
SYLLABUS OF AN ESTIMATE OF THE DOCTRINES OF JESUS, COMPARED WITH THOSE OF OTHERS
I. Joseph and Mary go to Bethlehem, Where Jesus is Born
II. He is Circumcised and Named and they Return to Nazareth
III. At Twelve Years of Age He Accompanies his Parents to Jerusalem and Returns
IV. John Baptizes in Jordan
V. Jesus is Baptized at 30 Years of Age
VI. Drives the Traders Out of the Temple
VII. He Baptizes, but Retires into Galilee on the Death of John
VIII. He Teaches in the Synagogue
IX. Explains the Sabbath
X. Call of His Disciples
XI. The Sermon on the Mount
XII. Exhorts
XIII. A Woman Annointeth Him
XIV Precepts
XV. Parable of the Rich Man
XVI. Precepts
XVII. Parable of the Fig Tree
XVIII. Precepts
XIX. Parable of the Sower
XX. Precepts
XXI. Parable of the Tares
XXII. Precepts
XXIII. Parable of New Wine in Old Bottles
XXIV. A Prophet Hath no Honor in his Own Country
XXV. Mission Instructions, Return of Apostles
XXVI. Precepts
XXVII. Parable of the Wicked Servant
XXVIII. Mission of the Seventy
XXIX. The Feast of the Tabernacles
XXX. The Woman Taken in Adultery
XXXI. To be Born Blind No Proof of Sin
XXXII. The Good Shepherd
XXXIII. Love God and Thy Neighbour; Parable of the Samaritan
XXXIV. Form of Prayer
XXXV. The Sabbath
XXXVI. The Bidden to a Feast
XXXVII. Precepts
XXXVIII. Parables of the Lost Sheep and Prodigal Son
XXXIX. Parable of the Unjust Steward
XL. Parable of Lazarus
XLI. Precepts to be Always Ready
XLII. Parables of the Widow and Judge, the Pharisee and Publican
XLIII. Precepts
XLIV. Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard
XLV. Zacchaeus, and the Parable of the Talents
XLVI. Goes to Jerusalem and Bethany
XLVII. The Traders Cast Out from the Temple
XLVIII. Parable of the Two Sons
XLIX. Parable of the Vineyard and Husbandmen
L. Parable of the King and the Wedding
LI. Tribute, Marriage, Resurrection
LII. The Two Commandments
LIII. Precepts, Pride, Hypocrisy, Swearing
LIV. The Widow's Mite
LV. Jerusalem and the Day of Judgment
LVI. The Faithful and Wise Servant
LVII. Parable of the Ten Virgins
LVIII. Parable of the Talents
LIX. The Day of Judgment
LX. A Woman Anointeth Him
LXI. Judas Undertakes to Point Out Jesus
LXII. Precepts to His Disciples, Washes their Feet. Trouble of Mind and Prayer
LXIII. Judas Conducts the Officers to Jesus
LXIV. He is Arrested and Carried Before Caiaphas, the High Priest and is Condemned
LXV. Is then Carried to Pilate
LXVI. Who Sends Him to Herod
LXVII. Receives Him Back, Scourges and Delivers Him to Execution
LXVIII. His Crucifixion, Death, and Burial
LXIX. His Burial
Отрывок из книги
Bible (Gr. βιβλία, books), the name applied by Chrysostom in the 4th century to the books of the Old and New Testaments, which had been called the "Scripture." The ancient plural has been transformed into a singular noun, in view of the recognized unity of the books of the Bible, which is thus called The Book by way of eminence. The Bible has two general divisions, the Old Testament and the New; the Greek διαθήkn meaning disposition by will, is used both in the Septuagint and in the Greek New Testament for the "covenant" or compact between God and man. The Old Testament was divided by the Jews into three parts, viz., the law, the prophets, and the sacred writings. The law comprised the five books of Moses. The prophets comprised the earlier prophets, so called - the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings; and the later prophets - three major, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, and 12 minor, Hosea to Malachi. Under the sacred writings were included the poetical books, Psalms, Proverbs, Job; the "Five Rolls," Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther; also the books of Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and 1 and 2 Chronicles. The number of the books and their grouping have varied in different versions.
Our English Bible gives 39. Jerome counted the same books so as to equal the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet; Judges and Ruth, the two books of Samuel, two of Kings, two of Chronicles and the 12 minor prophets making five books. The later Jews of Palestine counted these 24. As to their order, the Masoretic arrangement, which is that of our present Hebrew Bibles, is very ancient. The Greek-speaking Jews, however, varied from those of Palestine, and their arrangement is preserved in the Septuagint, which is followed in the Vulgate and in our English Bibles; an order not according to chronological succession, but made with a view to grouping similar classes of composition together, the historical being placed first, the poetical next, and the prophetical last. The historical division opens in the book of Genesis with an account of the creation of all things, then takes up the history of the Hebrews as a matter of central interest, showing the separation of the family of Abraham from other nations and their prosperous settlement in Egypt. Exodus describes the escape of the Israelites from Egypt and their organization as a nation under the Mosaic law. Leviticus contains the more special laws of Israel, chiefly those relating to the public worship, festivals, and similar topics.
.....
These variations, small and great, number not less than 120,000; yet they are mostly variations of spelling or inflection, often impossible to express in a translation. There are not more than 1,600 or 2,000 places where the true reading is at all in doubt, while the doubtful readings which affect the sense are much fewer still, and those of any dogmatic importance can be easily numbered. The MSS. of the New Testament have been classified according to certain literary or geographical affinities. They were divided into the eastern and the western, or according to another description, into an Alexandrine and a Latin, an Asiatic and a Byzantine text. The Alexandrine type of the Greek text was in use among the oriental Jewish Christians who used the Greek version of the Old Testament. The Latin type is found not only in the Latin copies, but in the Greek copies which the Latins used. These groups were not wholly distinct from one another, and it is difficult to fix upon the peculiar reading that belongs to each. The MSS. of the Byzantine class are most uniform.
Toward the close of the 4th century no single MS. was known that comprised the whole New Testament. At a considerably later period they were rare, and most of these contained also the Old Testament in Greek. The four gospels were commonly written in one collection, and the Pauline epistles in one. The catholic epistles were classed with the Acts, though sometimes these last two collections and the Pauline were united. MSS. of the Apocalypse were the rarest. The gospels were generally found in the order in which we have them, though in some copies they were transposed. After the Acts usually came the catholic epistles. The order in which the letters of Paul stood varied much. The place of the Apocalypse was fixed by Athanasius at the end of the collection, as it stands at present. By the 4th century papyrus had given place to parchment, and the form of the roll to that of the book. Breaks in the line and simple points were used. To meet the convenience of the public lecture, the books were measured off into pauses and sentences by lines, after the same manner with the poetical books of the Old Testament. It was not long, however, before other divisions of the text were adopted.
.....
