Graphic Anaesthesia
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Tim Hooper. Graphic Anaesthesia
Front Matter
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Essential diagrams, equations and tables for anaesthesia
Dr Tim Hooper FRCA FFICM RAMC
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In aortic stenosis, the ventricle will compensate for the increased obstruction to outflow by hypertrophy. This will initially maintain the ejection fraction and the pressure gradient across the valve. As the disease progresses and the valve area narrows, the hypertrophied ventricle becomes stiff and less compliant and will no longer be able to compensate. A reduction in the stroke volume (and ejection fraction) is seen, resulting in a fixed reduced cardiac output. The myocardium will eventually fail as compliance continues to worsen.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive, transthoracic interpretation of cardiac electrical activity over time. Thorough assessment requires a systematic approach including rate, rhythm, axis (normal axis is −30° to +90°), and wave morphology/interval.
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