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Tony Waters
Process Gas Chromatographs
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Process Gas Chromatographs Fundamentals, Design and Implementation Fundamentals, Design and Implementation
Copyright
Страница 9
Страница 10
Страница 11
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Страница 14
1 An introduction
Chromatographic separation
The gas chromatograph The basic instrument
The process instrument
The oven Temperature control
Temperature programming
The sample injection valve Laboratory and online practice
Plug injection
Gas sample injection
Liquid sample injection
The column The separating device
It takes time
Multiple columns
SCI-FILE:
On Column Types
Introduction to SCI‐FILEs
Two kinds of column
Packed columns
The detector Making the measurements
The chromatogram
Knowledge Gained
Did you get it? Self‐assessment quiz: SAQ 01
Student evaluation test: SET 01
References Cited
Figures
New technical terms
Note
2 Peak shape
How columns work
What happens inside the column
How gas and liquid interact
Troubleshooting tips
How peaks form Forming an equilibrium
The effect of movement
A peak appears
Effect of more equilibria
Some conclusions
Identical molecules – different behavior
All peaks are symmetrical
More equilibria – narrower peaks
More equilibria – taller peaks
Retention at the apex
More equilibria – same retention time
SCI-FILE:
On Solubility
Solubility
Partition
Distribution
Limitations
Knowledge Gained
Did you get it? Self‐assessment quiz: SAQ 02
Student evaluation test: SET 02
References
Figures
Equation
Symbols
New technical terms
3 Separation
How peaks get separated
A more realistic explanation
A challenge question
Significance of the air peak
The answer
Measurements from chromatograms A practical task
Typical calculations
Knowledge Gained
Did you get it? Self‐assessment quiz: SAQ 03
Student evaluation test: SET 03
References
Figures
Equations
Symbols
New technical terms
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