A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe

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Unknown. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe

PREFACE

THE BLOWPIPE

Part First

THE USE OF THE BLOWPIPE

B. UTENSILS

VARIOUS APPARATUS NECESSARY

THE REAGENTS

A. REAGENTS OF GENERAL USE

B. ESPECIAL REAGENTS

Part II

INITIATORY ANALYSIS

1. EXAMINATIONS WITH THE GLASS BULB

2. EXAMINATIONS IN THE OPEN TUBE

3. EXAMINATIONS UPON CHARCOAL

SULPHIDES, CHLORIDES, IODIDES, AND BROMIDES

4. EXAMINATIONS IN THE PLATINUM FORCEPS

A. THE VIOLET COLOR

B. THE BLUE COLOR

C. THE GREEN COLOR

D. YELLOW

E. RED

5. EXAMINATIONS IN THE BORAX BEAD

6. EXAMINATIONS IN MICROCOSMIC SALT

TABLE I

A. BORAX

1. Oxydizing flame

A. BORAX

2. Reducing flame

B. MICROCOSMIC SALT

1. Oxydizing flame

B. MICROCOSMIC SALT

2. Reducing flame

TABLE II

7. EXAMINATIONS WITH CARBONATE OF SODA

Part III

SPECIAL REACTIONS; OR, THE BEHAVIOR OF SUBSTANCES BEFORE THE BLOWPIPE

A. METALLIC OXIDES

GROUP FIRST.—THE ALKALIES: POTASSA, SODA, AMMONIA, AND LITHIA

SECOND GROUP.—THE ALKALINE EARTHS, BARYTA, STRONTIA, LIME, AND MAGNESIA

THIRD GROUP.—THE EARTHS, ALUMINA, GLUCINA, YTTRIA, THORINA, AND ZIRCONIA

CLASS II

FOURTH GROUP. CERIUM, LANTHANIUM, DIDYMIUM, COLUMBIUM, NIOBIUM, PELOPIUM, TITANIUM, URANIUM, VANADIUM, CHROMIUM, MANGANESE

GROUP FIFTH.—IRON, COBALT, NICKEL

GROUP SIXTH.—ZINC, CADMIUM, ANTIMONY, TELLURIUM

SEVENTH GROUP.—LEAD, BISMUTH, TIN

EIGHTH GROUP.—MERCURY, ARSENIC

NINTH GROUP.—COPPER, SILVER, GOLD

TENTH GROUP.—MOLYBDENUM, OSMIUM

ELEVENTH GROUP.—PLATINUM, PALLADIUM, IRIDIUM, RHODIUM, RUTHENIUM

CLASS III. NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCES

TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE REACTIONS OF MINERALS BEFORE THE BLOWPIPE

POTASH

SODA

BARYTA AND STRONTIA

LIME

MAGNESIA

ALUMINA

SILICATES

TABLE I

TABLE II

URANIUM

IRON

MANGANESE

NICKEL AND COBALT

ZINC

BISMUTH

LEAD

COPPER

ANTIMONY

ARSENIC

MERCURY

SILVER

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Perhaps during the last fifty years, no department of chemistry has been so enriched as that relating to analysis by means of the Blowpipe.

Through the unwearied exertions of men of science, the use of this instrument has arrived to such a degree of perfection, that we have a right to term its use, "Analysis in the dry way," in contradistinction to analysis "in the wet way." The manipulations are so simple and expeditious, and the results so clear and characteristic, that the Blowpipe analysis not only verifies and completes the results of analysis in the wet way, but it gives in many cases direct evidences of the presence or absence of many substances, which would not be otherwise detected, but through a troublesome and tedious process, involving both prolixity and time; for instance, the detection of manganese in minerals.

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Agate Mortar and Pestle.—This mortar is used for the purpose of pulverizing hard substances, and for mixing fluxes. As this mortar will not yield to abrasion, there is no danger of any foreign matter becoming mixed with the substance pulverized in it. It should be cleaned after use with pumice stone. Steel mortars are very useful for the pulverization of hard bodies; but for all those substances which require great care in their analysis, and which can be obtained in very minute quantity, the agate mortar alone should be used.

A hammer made of steel is necessary. This should have the edge square.

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