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The emergence of the science of artificial intelligence
Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms
Genetic programming
Scaling Artificial Neural Networks
Logics
Cognitive capabilities
Superintelligence
Robotics
Machine learning
Machine perception
Distributed multi-agent coordination
Cybernetics
Human thinking
Knowledge bases
Intelligence theory
Superintelligent Agent
Weak artificial intelligence
Social impact
Literature
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence displayed by machines, as opposed to natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. The study of artificial intelligence began in the 1950s, when systems could not perform tasks as well as humans. Artificial intelligence is the overall goal of building a system that exhibits intelligence, consciousness and is capable of self-learning. The most famous types of artificial intelligence known as machine learning, which is a kind of artificial intelligence, and deep learning.
The development of artificial intelligence is a controversial area as scientists and policymakers grapple with the ethical and legal implications of creating systems that exhibit human-level intelligence. Some argue that the best way to promote artificial intelligence is through education to prevent it from bias against people and make it accessible to people from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Others fear that increased regulation and concerns over national security will hamper the development of artificial intelligence.
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AI researchers and entrepreneurs use the term «artificial intelligence» to define software and algorithms that demonstrate human intelligence. The academic area has since expanded to cover related topics such as natural language processing and systems. Much of the work in this area takes place in universities, research institutes and companies, with investments from companies like Microsoft and Google.
Artificial intelligence is also used in other industries, such as the automatic control of ships, and is commonly used in the development of robotics. Examples of AI applications include speech recognition, image recognition, language processing, computer vision, decision making, robotics, and commercial products including language translation and recommendation engines. Artificial intelligence is at the center of national and international public policy such as the National Science Foundation. Research and development in artificial intelligence is managed by independent organizations that receive grants from public and private agencies. Other organizations, such as The Institute for the Future, have a wealth of information on AI and other emerging technologies and design professions, as well as the talent required to work with those technologies.
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