Apocalypse. Millennium. Chiliasm and Chillegorism

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Valeriy Sterkh. Apocalypse. Millennium. Chiliasm and Chillegorism

Introduction

Section 1. Terminology

Section 2. Background

Section 3. The chronological aspects of the problem

Section 4. An anthology of the ancient Chiliasm

St. John the Evangelist, the Apostle, one of the 12 (c. 2 – c. 102)

St. Barnabas, the Apostle, one of the 70 (1st century)

«The Teaching of the Lord to the Nations Through the 12 Apostles» (Didache), 1st century

St. Clement of Rome, the Apostle, one of the 70 (died c. 99)

St. Ignatius of Antioch, the God-Bearer (died 107)

St. Hermas, the Apostle, one of the 70 (1st—2nd century)

St. Polycarp of Smyrna (c. 70/80 – 155/167)

St. Papias of Hierapolis (c. 70 – 155/165)

St. Justin, the Philosopher and Martyr (c. 100 – 165)

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130 – 202)

Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215)

Nepos of Egypt (between the 2nd and 3rd centuries)

Tertullian (155/165 – 220/240)

St. Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170 – 235)

Commodian of Gaza (3rd century)

St. Victorinus of Petava (230 – 303/304)

St. Athanasius the Great (296 – 372/373)

St. Methodius of Patara and Olympus (c. 260 – 312)

Lucius Lactantius (c. 250 – c. 325)

Blessed Aurelius Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430)

Section 5. Biographies (1—5 centuries)

St. John the Evangelist, the Apostle, one of the twelve (c. 2 – 102)

St. Barnabas, the Apostle, one of the 70 (1st century)

«The Teaching of the Lord to the Nations Through the 12 Apostles» (Didache), 1st century

Hymenaeus and Alexander Philetus (1st century)

St. Clement of Rome, the Apostle, one of the 70 (died c. 99)

St. Ignatius of Antioch, the God-Bearer (died 107)

St. Hermas, the Apostle, one of the 70 (1st-2nd centuries)

Cerinthus (1st-2nd centuries)

The Ebionites (1st – 7th centuries)

St. Polycarp of Smyrna (c. 70/80 – 155/167)

St. Papias of Hierapolis (c. 70 – 155/165)

St. Justin, the Philosopher and Martyr (c. 100 – 165)

Marcion (c. 85 – 160)

The Alogi (2nd – 4th centuries)

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130 – 202)

Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215)

Origen (c. 185 – 254)

Nepos of Egypt (2nd – 3rd centuries)

Gaius of Rome (died c. 217)

St. Dionysius of Alexandria (died 265)

Tertullian (155/165 – 220/240)

St. Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170 – c. 235)

Commodian of Gaza (3rd century)

St. Victorinus of Petava (230 – 303/304)

Eusebius Pamphilus of Caesarea (c. 263 – 340)

St. Athanasius the Great (296 – 372/373)

St. Methodius of Patara and Olympus (c. 260 – 312)

Lucius Lactantius (c. 250 – c. 325)

Marcellus of Ancyra (died 373)

St. Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306 – 373)

St. Basil the Great (c. 330 – 379)

St. Philastrius of Brescia (died 387)

St. Gregory the Theologian (329 – 389)

Apollinaris of Laodicea (c. 310 – c. 390)

Tychonius Africanus (died 390/400)

St. Epiphanius of Cyprus (died 403)

St. Sulpicius Severus (363— 410/429)

St. Jerome of Stridon (342 – 419/420)

Blessed Aurelius Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430)

Blessed Theodoret of Cyrus (386 – 457)

Andreas of Caesarea (5th century)

Section 6. An overview of Orthodox Christian Premillenarism

Section 6a. Quotes from the Holy Scriptures in the light of Premillenarism

Genesis (Gen)

Exodus (Ex)

Leviticus (Lev)

Numbers (Num)

Deuteronomy (Deut)

2 Chronicles (2 Chron)

Book of Job (Job)

Psalms (Ps)

Book of Isaiah (Is)

Book of Jeremiah (Jer)

Book of Ezekiel (Ezek)

Book of Daniel (Dan)

Book of Joel (Joel)

Book of Amos (Am)

Book of Zechariah (Zech)

Wisdom of Solomon (Wis)

Book of Baruch (Bar)

Gospel of Matthew (Mt)

Gospel of Mark (Mk)

Gospel of Luke (Lk)

Gospel of John (Jn)

Acts of the Apostles (Act)

Epistle of James (Jm)

First Epistle of Peter (1 Pet)

Second Epistle of Peter (2 Pet)

First Epistle of John (1 Jn)

Epistle of Jude (Jude)

Epistle to the Romans (Rom)

First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor)

Second Epistle to the Corinthians (2 Cor)

Epistle to the Galatians (Gal)

Epistle to the Ephesians (Eph)

Epistle to the Philippians (Php)

Epistle to the Colossians (Col)

First Epistle to the Thessalonians (1 Thess)

Second Epistle to the Thessalonians (2 Thess)

First Epistle to Timothy (1 Tim)

Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Tim)

Epistle to the Hebrews (Heb)

Apocalypse or Revelation of John (Rev)

Section 7. Chillegorism and its variations

1. Postmillenarism

2. Amillenarism

1.1 The perfect Postmillenarism

1.2 The imperfect Postmillenarism

2.1 The perfect Amillenarism

2.2 The imperfect Amillenarism

Section 8. Arguments against Chiliasm

Argument 8.1

Commentary 8.1

Argument 8.2

Commentary 8.2

Argument 8.3

Commentary 8.3

Argument 8.4

Commentary 8.4

Argument 8.5

Commentary 8.5

Argument 8.6

Commentary 8.6

Argument 8.7

Commentary 8.7

Argument 8.8

Commentary 8.8

Argument 8.9

Commentary 8.9

Argument 8.10

Commentary 8.10

Argument 8.11

Commentary 8.11

Argument 8.12

Commentary 8.12

Argument 8.13

Commentary 8.13

Argument 8.14

Commentary 8.14

Argument 8.15

Commentary 8.15

Argument 8.16

Commentary 8.16

Argument 8.17

Commentary 8.17

Argument 8.18

Commentary 8.18

Argument 8.19

Commentary 8.19

Argument 8.20

Commentary 8.20

Argument 8.21

Commentary 8.21

Argument 8.22

Commentary 8.22

Argument 8.23

Commentary 8.23

Argument 8.24

Commentary 8.24

Argument 8.25

Commentary 8.25

Argument 8.26

Commentary 8.26

Argument 8.27

Commentary 8.27

Argument 8.28

Commentary 8.28

Argument 8.29

Commentary 8.29

Argument 8.30

Commentary 8.30

Argument 8.31

Commentary 8.31

Argument 8.32

Commentary 8.32

Section 9. Arguments against Chillegorism

Argument 9.1

Commentary 9.1

Argument 9.2

Commentary 9.2

Argument 9.3

Commentary 9.3

Argument 9.4

Commentary 9.4

Argument 9.5

Commentary 9.5

Argument 9.6

Commentary 9.6

Argument 9.7

Commentary 9.7

Argument 9.8

Commentary 9.8

Argument 9.9

Commentary 9.9

Argument 9.10

Commentary 9.10

Argument 9.11

Commentary 9.11

Argument 9.12

Commentary 9.12

Argument 9.13

Commentary 9.13

Argument 9.14

Commentary 9.14

Argument 9.15

Commentary 9.15

Argument 9.16

Commentary 9.16

Argument 9.17

Commentary 9.17

Argument 9.18

Commentary 9.18

Argument 9.19

Commentary 9.19

Argument 9.20

Commentary 9.20

Argument 9.21

Commentary 9.21

Argument 9.22

Commentary 9.22

Argument 9.23

Commentary 9.23

Argument 9.24

Commentary 9.24

Argument 9.25

Commentary 9.25

Argument 9.26

Commentary 9.26

Argument 9.27

Commentary 9.27

Argument 9.28

Commentary 9.28

Section 9a. Improper methods of discussion used by Chillegorists

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

Example 11

Example 12

Example 13

Example 14

Example 15

Section 10. Chiliasm and the coming of the Antichrist

Section 11. Dangers of Chillegorism

Conclusion

Postscript

About the author

Other books by Valeriy Sterkh

Apocalypse. Interpretation of the XXI century

Biblical Chronology

Answers for a Jew

United Gospel

Отрывок из книги

The verses in John’s Revelation (the Apocalypse) about the millennial reign of Christ together with the righteous are still subject to fierce debate. There are two major lines of interpretation of these verses: literal and figurative. Both (Chiliasm and Chillegorism) are very diverse and have several important distinctions. This paper is only concerned with the major differences. First of all, we will explore the exegetical views that emerged between the 1st and 5th centuries and form the basis for further interpretations.

The book also provides the analysis of Chiliasm and Chillegorism based on some written sources translated for the first time as part of this research.

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2. on the bosom of Abraham in due course. As for the restoration of Judea (which the Jews expect to happen exactly as it is described, deceived as they are by the names of places and countries), it would take a long time to investigate the manner in which the allegorical interpretation, spiritual by its outward appearance and fruit, refers to Christ and the Church. It is a subject for another book which we entitled «The Hope of the Faithful» [«De spe fidelium» is one of Tertullian’s lost works]. Besides, it would be unnecessary now because we are concerned with the heavenly promise, not the earthly one.

3. After all, we confess that we have been promised [the millennial] Kingdom on earth, but before heaven, and it will be a different Kingdom because it is found in the city of Jerusalem which is not made by hands and which the Apostle calls «our mother from above» [compare Gal 4:26]. And after resurrection, it will be brought [Croymann’s conjecture. In the manuscript, this word refers to Jerusalem] from heaven to earth for a thousand years [compare Rev 20:6]. And by saying that our country, that is, our citizenship, is in heaven [compare Php 3:20], he, naturally, connects it with a certain heavenly city.

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