The Story of the Great War (Vol. 1-8)

The Story of the Great War (Vol. 1-8)
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This book features a comprehensive historical account of the First World War (1914-1918) based on official sources, diplomatic and state papers. Contemporaneously known as the Great War or «the war to end all wars», it led to the mobilization of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatant deaths and 13 million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the related 1918 Spanish flu pandemic caused another 17-100 million deaths worldwide, including an estimated 2.64 million Spanish flu deaths in Europe and as many as 675,000 Spanish flu deaths in the United States. Contents: Indirect Causes of the War – Political and Diplomatic History of Europe from 1866 to 1914, with a Chapter on the Historical Development of Japan The Balkans Direct Causes of the War Diplomatic Papers Relating to the Origin of the War, Collated From the Official Documents Great Battles of the Western Armies Naval Operations The War on the Eastern Front The Austro-Serbian Campaign Austro-Russian Campaign Russo-German Campaign Turkey and the Dardanelles Russian and Turkish Campaign Japan and the Far East The War in Africa The Western Front Italy Enters the War The Dardanelles and Turkey The War in Africa War in Arabia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt War in Syria and Egypt Aggressive Turkish Campaign at Dardanelles Campaign in Mesopotamia The United States and the Belligerents Austrian Propaganda Operations on the Sea Campaign on the Eastern Front The Balkans Campaign in Mesopotamia and Persia Western Front – Somme and Verdun War in the Air and on the Sea The United States and Germany The Russian Revolution Eastern Front Campaigns in Palestine, Arabia Mesopotamia, and Africa The Western Front The Italian Campaign The Great War's End Victory on the Sea The American Army in France The Peace Conference at Paris The Story of Canada in the Great War

Оглавление

Various Authors . The Story of the Great War (Vol. 1-8)

The Story of the Great War (Vol. 1-8)

Table of Contents

VOLUME 1

Table of Contents

WHAT THE WAR MEANS TO AMERICA. By MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD, U. S. A

NAVAL LESSONS OF THE WAR. By REAR ADMIRAL AUSTIN M. KNIGHT, U. S. N

THE WORLD'S WAR. By FREDERICK PALMER

SEA POWER

THE SECOND SUMMER'S CAMPAIGN

WAR BY MACHINERY

VITAL LESSONS

THE THEATRES OF THE WAR'S CAMPAIGNS. By F. H. SIMONDS

THE ATTACK UPON FRANCE

FROM THE MEUSE TO THE MARNE

THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE

GERMAN FAILURE

AGAINST RUSSIA

AUSTRIAN PERIL

GERMANY'S SECOND OFFENSIVE

THE THIRD GERMAN OFFENSIVE

THE SERBIAN PHASE

ITALY

ALLIED POLICY

THE WAR CORRESPONDENT. By ARTHUR RUHL

PART I—INDIRECT CAUSES OF THE WAR

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

PART II—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

PART III—DIRECT CAUSES OF THE WAR

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

PART IV—DIPLOMATIC PAPERS RELATING TO THE ORIGIN OF THE WAR, COLLATED FROM THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS

LIST OF SOVEREIGNS AND DIPLOMATS

FRANCE

RUSSIA

BELGIUM

SERBIA

ITALY

JAPAN

GERMANY

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

TURKEY

NEUTRAL NATIONS

IMPORTANT DATES PRECEDING THE WAR

WARNINGS OF HOSTILE INTENTIONS

REPORT OF M. CAMBON IN 1913

THE ASSASSINATION OF THE AUSTRIAN ARCHDUKE

ATTEMPTS AT MEDIATION

THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN NOTE TO SERBIA

TEXT OF THE NOTE

INCLOSURE

CONTROVERSY OVER THE TIME LIMIT

CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT OF DATES. FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1914

SATURDAY, JULY 25, 1914

SERBIA'S REPLY TO THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN NOTE

BEGINNING OF MOBILIZATION

SUNDAY, JULY 26, 1914

MONDAY, JULY 27, 1914

TUESDAY, JULY 28, 1914

WEDNESDAY, JULY 29, 1914

THE KAISER AND CZAR EXCHANGE TELEGRAMS

THURSDAY, JULY 30, 1914

HENRY OF PRUSSIA AND GEORGE V

SIR EDWARD GREY REFUSES TERMS OF NEUTRALITY

FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1914

FURTHER EXCHANGES BETWEEN WILLIAM AND NICHOLAS

SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 1914

SUNDAY, AUGUST 2, 1914

GERMAN DECLARATION OF INTENTIONS TOWARD BELGIUM

MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1914

SERBIA'S POSITION EXPLAINED

TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1914

VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG EXPLAINS GERMANY'S POSITION IN THE REICHSTAG

VOLUME 2

Table of Contents

PART I—GREAT BATTLES OF THE WESTERN ARMIES

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXXI

PART II—NAVAL OPERATIONS

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

PART III—THE WAR ON THE EASTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

PART IV—THE AUSTRO-SERBIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER L

PART V—THE AUSTRO-SERBIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LX

PART VI—AUSTRO-RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER LXI

CHAPTER LXII

CHAPTER LXIII

CHAPTER LXIV

CHAPTER LXV

CHAPTER LXVI

CHAPTER LXVII

CHAPTER LXVIII

CHAPTER LXIX

CHAPTER LXX

CHAPTER LXXI

CHAPTER LXXII

PART VII—RUSSO-GERMAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER LXXIII

CHAPTER LXXIV

CHAPTER LXXV

CHAPTER LXXVI

CHAPTER LXXVII

CHAPTER LXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXIX

CHAPTER LXXX

CHAPTER LXXXI

PART VIII—TURKEY AND THE DARDANELLES

CHAPTER LXXXII

CHAPTER LXXXIII

CHAPTER LXXXIV

VOLUME 3

Table of Contents

PART I—RUSSIAN AND TURKISH CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

PART II—JAPAN AND THE FAR EAST

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

PART III—THE WAR IN AFRICA

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

PART IV—THE WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

PART V—NAVAL OPERATIONS

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXXI

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIV

PART VI—THE EASTERN FRONT—AUSTRO-RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVII

PART VII—RUSSO-GERMAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER L

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LX

PART VIII—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER LXI

PART IX—ITALY ENTERS THE WAR

CHAPTER LXII

CHAPTER LXIII

CHAPTER LXIV

CHAPTER LXV

CHAPTER LXVI

CHAPTER LXVII

CHAPTER LXVIII

CHAPTER LXIX

PART X—THE DARDANELLES AND TURKEY

CHAPTER LXX

CHAPTER LXXI

CHAPTER LXXII

CHAPTER LXXIII

CHAPTER LXXIV

CHAPTER LXXV

CHAPTER LXXVI

PART XI—THE WAR IN AFRICA

CHAPTER LXXVII

CHAPTER LXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXIX

PART XII—WAR IN ARABIA, MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT

CHAPTER LXXX

CHAPTER LXXXI

VOLUME 4

Table of Contents

PART I—WAR IN SYRIA AND EGYPT

CHAPTER I

PART II—WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

PART III—THE WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

PART IV—THE WAR AT SEA

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

PART V—THE WAR ON THE EASTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

CHAPTER XXIX

PART VI—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXXI

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

PART VII—THE DARDANELLES AND RUSSO-TURKISH CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER XLI

PART VIII—AGGRESSIVE TURKISH CAMPAIGN AT DARDANELLES

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

PART IX—ITALY IN THE WAR

CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER L

PART X—CAMPAIGN IN MESOPOTAMIA

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

PART XI—THE WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVIII

PART XII—THE UNITED STATES AND THE BELLIGERENTS

CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LX

CHAPTER LXI

CHAPTER LXII

VOLUME 5

Table of Contents

PART I—AUSTRIAN PROPAGANDA

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

PART III—CAMPAIGN ON THE EASTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

PART IV—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXX

PART V—AUSTRO-ITALIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER XXXI

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

PART VII—CAMPAIGN IN MESOPOTAMIA AND PERSIA

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

PART VIII—OPERATIONS ON THE WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER L

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

PART IX—THE WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

PART X—THE UNITED STATES AND THE BELLIGERENTS

CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LIX

TWO YEARS OF THE WAR. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS

THE SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF THE WAR

VOLUME 6

Table of Contents

PART I—WESTERN FRONT—SOMME AND VERDUN

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

PART II—EASTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

PART III—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXXI

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXV

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

PART IV—AUSTRO-ITALIAN FRONT

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

CHAPTER XLVI

PART V—WAR IN THE AIR AND ON THE SEA

CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

PART VI—THE UNITED STATES AND THE BELLIGERENTS

CHAPTER L

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

PART VII—WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVII

CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LX

PART VIII—THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY

CHAPTER LXI

CHAPTER LXII

CHAPTER LXIII

CHAPTER LXIV

CHAPTER LXV

CHAPTER LXVI

CHAPTER LXVII

CHAPTER LXVIII

CHAPTER LXIX

PART IX—THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

CHAPTER LXX

CHAPTER LXXI

CHAPTER LXXII

CHAPTER LXXIII

CHAPTER LXXIV

CHAPTER LXXV

CHAPTER LXXVI

CHAPTER LXXVII

CHAPTER LXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXIX

CHAPTER LXXX

CHAPTER LXXXI

CHAPTER LXXXII

CHAPTER LXXXIII

CHAPTER LXXXIV

CHAPTER LXXXV

CHAPTER LXXXVI

CHAPTER LXXXVII

PART X—EASTERN FRONT

CHAPTER LXXXVIII

CHAPTER LXXXIX

CHAPTER XC

CHAPTER XCI

CHAPTER XCII

CHAPTER XCIII

CHAPTER XCIV

PART XI—AUSTRO-ITALIAN FRONT

CHAPTER XCV

CHAPTER XCVI

CHAPTER XCVII

CHAPTER XCVIII

PART XII—WAR ON THE SEA

CHAPTER XCIX

CHAPTER C

PART XIII—WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER CI

CHAPTER CII

VOLUME 7

Table of Contents

PART I—WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

PART II—THE UNITED STATES AS A BELLIGERENT

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

PART III-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

PART IV—ITALIAN FRONT

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHAPTER XXVIII

PART V—CAMPAIGNS IN PALESTINE, ARABIA, MESOPOTAMIA, AND AFRICA

CHAPTER XXIX

CHAPTER XXX

CHAPTER XXXI

PART VI—THE BALKANS

CHAPTER XXXII

CHAPTER XXXIII

PART VII—NAVAL AND AIR WARFARE

CHAPTER XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXV

PART VIII—THE WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER XXXVI

CHAPTER XXXVII

CHAPTER XXXVIII

CHAPTER XXXIX

CHAPTER XL

PART IX—THE UNITED STATES AS A BELLIGERENT

CHAPTER XLI

CHAPTER XLII

CHAPTER XLIII

CHAPTER XLIV

CHAPTER XLV

CHAPTER XLVI

CHAPTER XLVII

CHAPTER XLVIII

CHAPTER XLIX

CHAPTER L

CHAPTER LI

CHAPTER LII

CHAPTER LIII

CHAPTER LIV

CHAPTER LV

CHAPTER LVI

CHAPTER LVII

PART X—RUSSIA

CHAPTER LVIII

CHAPTER LIX

CHAPTER LX

CHAPTER LXI

CHAPTER LXII

CHAPTER LXIII

CHAPTER LXIV

CHAPTER LXV

CHAPTER LXVI

CHAPTER LXVII

PART XI—AUSTRO-ITALIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER LXVIII

PART XII—THE WAR ON THE SEA

CHAPTER LXIX

PART III—THE WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER LXX

VOLUME 8

Table of Contents

PART I—THE WESTERN FRONT

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

PART II—RUSSIA

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

PART III—THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN

CHAPTER X

PART IV—THE GREAT WAR'S END

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

PART V—VICTORY ON THE SEA

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

PART VI—THE AMERICAN ARMY IN FRANCE

CHAPTER XVIII

PART VII-THE PEACE CONFERENCE AT PARIS

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XXI

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

SECTION VI

SECTION VII

SECTION VIII

SECTION IX

SECTION X

SECTION XI

SECTION XII

SECTION XIII

SECTION XIV

SECTION XV

THE STORY OF CANADA IN THE GREAT WAR

INTRODUCTION

PART I—PREPARATION FOR WAR

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

PART II—CANADA AT THE FRONT

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XIV

CHAPTER XV

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XX

PART III—CANADA AT HOME

CHAPTER XXI

PART IV—CANADIAN WAR INDUSTRIES

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIV

CHAPTER XXV

CHAPTER XXVI

CHAPTER XXVII

CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORLD WAR

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Various Authors

Complete Edition

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Unquestionably, honors at the end of the campaign in 1915 were with Germany. She had held her line solidly in the west. She had stripped the country of northern France and Belgium of all the machinery of its factories which would be useful to her. She had been relieved of any necessity of feeding the Belgian population, or of the menace that would have come from the threat of a famine in either Belgium or northern France by the American Food Commission which at first had received supplies from America to carry on their work, and later had depended almost altogether upon grants from the French and English Governments and upon large voluntary contributions from England. In the east she had gained territory almost equal in area to that of Prussia itself. All Poland was hers. Her governor general ruled Warsaw. Her situation as to food supplies was improved by the occupation of immense productive areas. She had made war with all her energy, and in want of able-bodied men to gather her own harvests, she had used the hosts of prisoners which she had taken from Russia. But, despite her victories, bravely and skillfully won, she was still a nation in siege, with no communication with the outside world, except through neutral countries.

In the second winter with uninterrupted energy she again turned toward the southeast for another military adventure. Rumania still held fast to her neutrality. In Bulgaria the Central Powers were to succeed in gaining a fourth ally, which in sheer military advantage was probably worth more than the accession of Italy to her enemies. Though Russia had won her freedom for Bulgaria in '76, no sentiment drew her to Russia's assistance when Russia was losing. No statesmanship is more matter of fact than that of the Balkans. Bulgaria had an old score to settle with Serbia, which had joined Rumania and Greece against her in making the Second Balkan War, after she had borne the brunt of the first against Turkey. Then, besides, the military temptation offered the Bulgarian staff was irresistible. Serbia had been through two wars before the heavy drain of this one. A country of swineherds and miserable villages, dependent for munitions upon England and the Allies—she was caught in a wedge, with Bulgaria on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian advance on the other. At the most the Central Powers had probably no more than 300,000 troops—about the same number that the Bulgars had. Against such a combination, Serbia, caught between the blades of a pair of scissors, could make no successful resistance unless assistance came from England and France, which the British and French public demanded should be sent. There was no hope of sufficient allied forces reaching Serbia in time to rescue her, but the Allies, particularly the British, could not afford to see Saloniki occupied by the Austro-Germans or by their friends, the Bulgarians. Up to the Balkan War Saloniki was Turkish; then it became Greek. This excellent port had long been the goal of Austrian ambition, which sought an outlet to the Mediterranean, no less than the traditional policy of Russia was aimed at the occupation of Constantinople.

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