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Various. Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study
Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study
Table of Contents
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. THE TRADES DESCRIBED
CHAPTER II. WOMEN IN THE TRADES
Census figures
Chief Factory Inspector's figures
CHAPTER III. WOMEN'S WORK AND ORGANISATION
Women as Compositors. Historical
Conflict between men and women
Printing Trades and the Women's Movement
The London experience
Provincial experience
Organisation amongst bookbinders
The Bible Society controversy
The Society of Women employed in Bookbinding
The Book-folders' Union
National Book-folders and Kindred Trades Union
The Manchester Society
Maintaining standards without organisation
Organisation in the miscellaneous trades
The attitude of employers
The women's attitude
CHAPTER IV. MEN AND WOMEN AS WORKERS
Do women displace men?
The Perth dispute
Value of women's work
The men's view
Apparent rivalry
A miscellaneous survey
Conclusions
Technical training
"Use and wont."
Girls v. Women
CHAPTER V. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
1. THE TRAINING
How girls are taught
The learner as workwoman
Compositors
Women and technical classes
2. WHY WOMEN DO NOT TRAIN
Marriage as an industrial influence
The lack of openings and ambition
Sex reputation
Physique, hours, etc
Gentility in trade
CHAPTER VI. LEGISLATION
1. THE LAW
Conditions of employment, 1866
Legislation, 1867
Factory and Workshop Act, 1878
Factory and Workshop Act, 1901
2. ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL EFFECTS OF LEGISLATION
Has legislation displaced women?
The case of women compositors
Have their opportunities been limited?
Legislation and home work
Work sent to "folding houses."
Nightwork
The job hand
Increase of permanent staff
Nightwork and overtime
Testimony of employers
Opinion of employées
The opinions of forewomen
Exceptions
Overtime experience
Has legislation affected wages?
Want of elasticity in the law
CHAPTER VII. WOMEN AND MACHINERY
Effect of machinery
Displacement
Cheap labour and mechanical appliances
CHAPTER VIII. HOME WORK
Census figures
Home work drawbacks
Home work processes
The home worker
Paper-bag making
The homes
CHAPTER IX. THE MARRIED AND THE UNMARRIED
Wages and expenditure
Influence on family income
Wages rates and married women
The employment of married women. (a) London
(b) Bristol and district
(c) Leeds and Bradford
The moral influence of the married worker
Family health
CHAPTER X. WAGES
I.—STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE VARIOUS FIRMS
II.—GENERAL GROUPING OF WAGES
III.—CHANGE OF WAGES BETWEEN 1885 AND 1900
IV.—WAGES IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS
V.—EARNINGS OF INDIVIDUALS
VI.—JOBBERS
VII.—TIME AND PIECE RATES
APPENDIX I. POINTS UPON WHICH ENQUIRIES WERE MADE
1.—TRAINING
2.—WAGES (Forms appended)
3.—CONDITIONS OF WORK
4.—ORGANISATION
5.—MARRIED AND UNMARRIED WORKERS
6.—SEPARATE FACTORY LEGISLATION
7.—MEN AND WOMEN
8.—WOMEN AND MACHINERY
9.—HOME WORK
10.—INFLUENCE OF WOMEN'S WAGES ON THE FAMILY INCOME
APPENDIX II. DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN TYPICAL FIRMS
1. A.,[94]A well-known Printing Firm in London. Employée's Information
2. A well-known Printing Firm in London. Forewoman's Information
3. S., Small Printing Firm in London. Employée's Evidence
4. Q., Job Printing Firm in London. Visit to Works
5. L., Printing, etc., Firm in London. Employée's Evidence
6. T., Weekly Newspaper Firm in London. Visit to Works
7. Large Bookbinding Firm in London (A.) Manager's Information
(B.) Forewoman's Evidence
(C.) Employée's Evidence
8. Printing and Stationery Firm in London. General Information
9. Lithographic Firm. General Information
10. Paper Colouring and Enamelling Firm in London, also engaged in Showcard Mounting and Varnishing and Book-edge Gilding. Employer's and Manager's Information
11. Bookbinding Firm, West End, London. Employée's Evidence
12. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence
13. Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence
14. J., Bookbinding Firm in London. Employée's Evidence and Visit to Works
15. B., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works
16. R., Stationery Firm (Christmas Cards, etc.) in London. Visit to Works
17. G., Large Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works
18. K., Stationery Firm in London. Visit to Works
19. I., Stationery and Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence
20. F., Stationery Firm in London. Employee's Evidence
21. X., Stamping Firm in London. Employee's Evidence
22 and 23. U. and V., Two Stamping Firms in London. Employee's Evidence
24. Y., Machine Ruling Firm in London. Visit to Works
25. Paper Bag Making in London. Employee's Evidence
26. Printer's and Bookbinder's Firm in Leeds. Employer's Information
Relief Stamping Firms. General Summary
Job Hands. Interview with Agent
APPENDIX III. GENERAL GLASGOW REPORT
(A.) Letterpress Printing. Machine Feeding and Flying
(B.) Lithographic Printing. Machine Feeding
(C.) Letterpress Printing. Type-setting
(D.) Bookbinding
(E.) Machine Ruling
(F.) Type and Stereotype Founding
(G.) Paper Staining
(H.) Paper-box Making
(I.) Pattern-book Making
APPENDIX IV. WOMEN IN THE PRINTING TRADES IN BIRMINGHAM
MACHINE RULING
TABLE PROCESSES
ENVELOPE MAKING
COLOUR PRINTING
BOOKBINDING
PAPER-BAG MAKING
Business No. 1
Business No. 2
MACHINE FEEDING
APPENDIX V
APPENDIX VI
APPENDIX VII
INDEX
