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Various. Household Administration, Its Place in the Higher Education of Women
Household Administration, Its Place in the Higher Education of Women
Table of Contents
PREFACE
A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF WOMAN’S POSITION IN THE FAMILY. By CATHERINE SCHIFF
Footnote
THE PLACE OF BIOLOGY IN THE EQUIPMENT OF WOMEN. By WENONA HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL, M.A. (Dublin)
COMMON-SENSE BIOLOGY
THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIOLOGY
METHOD OF STUDY
COMMON-SENSE BIOLOGY AS AN ART
THE GAINS AND LOSSES OF CIVILISATION
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMON-SENSE BIOLOGICAL TRAINING ON SOCIAL WORK
ANTHROPOLOGY A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY
WOMAN’S SYNTHETIC POWERS AS AN INSTRUMENT TO EFFICIENCY
Footnote
SCIENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD. By Mrs. W. N. SHAW
THE AIM AND METHODS OF MODERN EDUCATION
THE VALUE OF A SCIENTIFIC TRAINING
PHYSICAL SCIENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD
EFFECTS OF CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE ON AIR
EFFECT OF CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE ON WATER
RADIANT HEAT
CONDUCTION OF HEAT
METHODS OF DOMESTIC HEATING
CHEMICAL SCIENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE BODY
CONCLUSION
THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE HOUSEHOLD. By MABEL ATKINSON, M.A. (Glasgow)
I. INTRODUCTORY
II. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE POSITION OF THE HOUSEHOLD IN ENGLAND
(a) The Household in the Mediæval Period (1) The Serf—his Position and Domestic Arrangements
(2) The Lord of the Manor—his House and Household
(b) The Position of the Household from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries (1) The First Industrial Revolution and its Effects
(2) Life in the Stuart Period
(3) The Influence of the Second Industrial Revolution on the Home
(4) The Position of Women as Affected by the Industrial Revolution
III. THE PRESENT ORGANISATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD
(a) The Organisation of the Household as Affected by the Housing Question
(b) The Problems of Domestic Service
(c) A Discussion of Domestic Budgets (1) Working-Class Budgets
(2) Lower Middle-Class Budgets
(3) The Budget of the Well-to-do
QUARTERLY SUMMARY OF HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
(d) Conclusion
Footnote
SOME RELATIONS OF SANITARY SCIENCE TO FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL EFFICIENCY. By ALICE RAVENHILL
I. MAN’S PLACE IN NATURE
II. FACTORS ADVERSE TO HUMAN PROGRESS
III. STAGES IN THE GROWTH OF SANITARY SCIENCE
IV. WHY THE IDEALS OF MODERN HYGIENE ARE NOT ATTAINED
V. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MAN’S PHYSICAL NATURE
VI. THE ORIGIN OF FAMILY LIFE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SANITARY SCIENCE
VII. WOMAN’S VOCATION IN HOME AND FAMILY LIFE
VIII. THE FUNCTION OF THE FAMILY IN NATIONAL LIFE
IX. THE MEANING OF INFANCY
X. CAUSES WHICH MENACE HEALTHFUL INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
XI. THE SOURCE OF THESE CAUSES TO BE FOUND IN FAULTY ADMINISTRATION OF THE HOME
XII. HARMONIES AND DISHARMONIES IN HUMAN LIFE
XIII. THE IMPORTANCE OF MENTAL HYGIENE IN FAMILY LIFE
XIV. WOMAN’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HOME ADMINISTRATION
XV. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HOME
XVI. HOME LIFE AN IMPORTANT SPHERE FOR SANITARY SCIENCE
Footnote
MODERN WOMAN AND THE DOMESTIC ARTS. By Mrs. R. W. EDDISON. Member, Education Committee, West Riding County Council, Etc
I. NEEDLEWORK AND DRESSMAKING
INTRODUCTION
THE “PRINCIPLES” OF NEEDLEWORK
CONCLUSION
II. HOUSECRAFT
Отрывок из книги
Published by Good Press, 2021
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From the destruction of Rome until well-nigh ten centuries later was a period in which no advance in sanitation was made; on the contrary, retrogression was the keynote of the time. Warfare, religious segregation, and the spread of asceticism were the chief reasons for this; the ideals of both Christian and Pagan were opposed to personal and public hygiene. “The ascetic violated all laws of personal hygiene, the monastery’s ideal was inconsistent with public hygiene, and both glorified God by teaching submission to pestilence,”[11] which from time to time swept over the country, devastating it from end to end.
But with the increase of trade it became necessary to adopt certain measures for the preservation of human life, and in 1348 we hear of the first street-cleaning and quarantine in those two great centres of commerce, Venice and Cologne. It was in the same year that the most terrible plague which the world has ever known attacked Britain and practically depopulated it, finding its chief prey in the filthy streets of the City. This led in 1379 to an Order in Common Council for keeping the streets clean. But despite this, all through mediæval times personal health was shamefully neglected and 32 public health practically unknown. The consequences are easy to trace; the country was again and again swept by epidemics which were naturally followed by severe famines, and thus on every side progress was checked. The Fire of London at least cleansed London of its filth, and from that time forward matters began to improve. All through the eighteenth century, smallpox, typhus, scurvy, and ague were rampant, and it is not till 1834 that we find the beginning of sanitary legislation. In 1837 the Act for the Registration of Births and Deaths was passed, which at once provided the indispensable foundation for reliable statistics; previous to that date all that there was to depend upon were the Baptismal Registers and the more or less accurate Bills of Mortality. This has been followed by a long series of Public Health enactments concerned with practically every department of life. In fact during the last fifty years the public conscience has been quickened to an extraordinary degree. Much however has yet to be done which cannot be touched by legislation, and it is to the woman, who has been trained in the right conduct of life both private and public, that the world looks for the preservation of healthy human life, much of which is now needlessly sacrificed on the altar of ignorance. In many cases the woman is the only person who can prevent this, therefore she must equip herself for her high and noble duty with all that Science can provide and Art can suggest, neither must 33 she forget that her own home must ever be the starting-point of every endeavour. For the “Mrs. Jellabies” of this world are not those who help forward its progress, rather are they the clogs on its wheels.
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