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ОглавлениеGerman professors
Job Hunting
A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers
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Copyright
Notice of Rights
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.
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The information in this book is distributed on an As Is basis without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the products described in it.
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Good solid advice and great strategies
for getting interviews and landing the German professors job.
To Prepare for the Job this book tells you:
the training and education needed
earnings
expected job prospects
the job’s activities and responsibilities
working conditions
To Land the Job, it gives you the hands-on and how-to’s insight on
Finding Opportunities - the best places to find them
Writing Unbeatable Resumes and Cover Letters
Acing the Interview
What to Expect From Recruiters
How employers hunt for Job-hunters.... and More
This book offers excellent, insightful advice for everyone from entry-level to senior professionals. None of the other such career guides compare with this one. It stands out because it:
Explains how the people doing the hiring think, so that you can win them over on paper and then in your interview;
Is filled with useful cheat and work-sheets;
Explains every step of the job-hunting process - from little-known ways for finding openings to getting ahead on the job.
This book covers everything. Whether you are trying to get your first Job or move up in the system, you will be glad you got this book.
Contents
FINDING AND APPLYING FOR German professors JOBS AND EVALUATING OFFERS
Where to Learn About Job Openings
School career planning and placement offices.
Classified ads.
Internet resources.
Labor unions.
State employment service offices.
Job matching and referral.
Services for special groups.
Federal Government.
Community agencies.
Private employment agencies and career consultants.
Internships.
Applying for a German professors Job
Resumes and application forms.
Gathering information.
Choosing a format.
Resume and KSA (knowledge, skills & abilities) tips:
Cover letters.
German professors Job Interview Tips
Preparation:
Personal appearance:
The interview:
Information to bring to an interview:
Evaluating a German professors Job Offer
The organization.
Should you work for a relatively new organization or one that is well established?
The job
Where is the job located?
Does the work match your interests and make good use of your skills?
How important is the job to the company or organization?
What will the hours be?
How long do most people who enter this job stay with the company?
The company should have a training plan for you.
Salaries and benefits.
WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE TABLE…
THE INTERVIEW AND SELECTION PROCESS
Step 1
Technical Competencies Assessment Guide
Step 2
Determine the Customer Service Focused
Competencies of the Job
Definitions:
Responsible.
Likeable.
Believable.
Outgoing.
Unflappable.
CUSTOMER SERVICE FOCUSED BEHAVIORS ASSESSMENT GUIDE
Step 3
Develop Interview Questions to Assess Both
Technical and Customer Service
Focused Competencies
Step 4
Conducting the Interview
Step 5
Background and Reference Checks
Making a Job Offer
Confirming Job Offer Letter
Informing Unsuccessful Candidates
Retention of Interview Materials
SAMPLE CUSTOMER SERVICE FOCUSED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Responsible
Likeable
Believable
Outgoing
Unflappable
INTERVIEWING German professors
A Practical Guide for Selecting
THE INTERVIEW PROCESS
Planning
Confirming/Scheduling Interview
Conducting the Interview
Closing
Follow Up
TIPS ON INTERVIEWING
Interview Questions To Get You Started
Supervisor and Manager Competencies
Interviewing People With Disabilities
Accommodating Persons With Disabilities For An Interview
Interview Do’s and Don’ts
CHECKING REFERENCES
Which References Should I Check?
Tips for Checking References
The Reference Check Questions To Ask
Prohibited Questions and Practices
RECORDING A PROFILE OF IMPRESSIONS
Supervisory and Managerial Competencies:
Building Coalitions/Communication:
Recruiting German professors - It Takes More Than A Job Announcement
Before Submitting the Vacancy
When the Vacancy Announcement is Open
Once the Certificate of Eligibles is Received
After The Selection is Made
ASSESSING YOUR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES
Policies and Procedures
Recruitment Strategies
“There are few, if any, jobs in which ability alone is sufficient. Needed, also, are loyalty, sincerity, enthusiasm and team play.” - William B. Given, Jr.
“When people go to work, they shouldn’t have to leave their hearts at home.” - Betty Bender
“One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.” - Elbert Hubbard
”To find joy in work is to discover the fountain of youth.” - Pearl S. Buck
“One of the symptoms of an approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that one’s work is terribly important.” - Bertrand Russell
“Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work.” - Thomas A. Edison
“Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.” - Theodore Roosevelt
“Going to work for a large company is like getting on a train. Are you going sixty miles an hour or is the train going sixty miles an hour and you’re just sitting still?” - J. Paul Getty
“The world is full of willing people, some willing to work, the rest willing to let them.” - Robert Frost
“So much of what we call management consists in making it difficult for people to work.” - Peter Drucker
”Nothing is really work unless you would rather be doing something else.” - James M. Barrie
”I’m a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it.” - Thomas Jefferson
“Success in business requires training and discipline and hard work. But if you’re not frightened by these things, the opportunities are just as great today as they ever were.” - David Rockefeller
German professors FACTS:
Summary, What German professors do, Work Environment, How to become one, Pay, Job Outlook, Similar Occupations and Contacts for More Information.
Postsecondary Teachers
Summary
Professors and other postsecondary teachers instruct students in the theory and practice of a variety of subjects.
Quick Facts: Postsecondary Teachers
2010 Median Pay $62,050 per year
Entry-Level Education Doctoral or professional degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation None
On-the-job Training None
Number of Jobs, 2010 1,756,000
Job Outlook, 2010-20 17% (About as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2010-20 305,700
What Postsecondary Teachers Do
Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and vocational subjects beyond the high school level. They also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.
Work Environment
Postsecondary teachers work in public and private colleges and universities, professional schools, junior or community colleges, and career and vocational schools. Outside of class time, their schedules are generally flexible.
How to Become a Postsecondary Teacher
Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Most commonly, postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master’s degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. In technical and trade schools, work experience may be important for getting a postsecondary teaching job.
Pay
The median annual wage of postsecondary teachers was $62,050 in May 2010.
Job Outlook
Employment of postsecondary teachers is expected to grow by 17 percent from 2010 to 2020, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Growth is expected as enrollments at postsecondary institutions at all levels continue to rise.
Similar Occupations
Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of postsecondary teachers with similar occupations.
O*NET
O*NET provides comprehensive information on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
Contacts for More Information
Learn more about postsecondary teachers by contacting these additional resources.
What Postsecondary Teachers Do
Professors may teach a wide variety of subjects, such as English, math, and nursing.
Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and vocational subjects beyond the high school level. They also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.
Duties
Postsecondary teachers typically do the following:
Teach courses on a wide variety of subjects, such as chemistry, culinary arts, and nursing
Work with students who are studying for a degree or a certificate or certification or are taking classes to improve their knowledge or career skills
Develop a curriculum for their course and ensure that it meets college and department standards
Plan lessons and assignments
Assess students’ progress by grading papers and tests
Advise students about which classes to take and how to achieve their goals
Stay informed about changes and innovations in their field
Conduct research and experiments to advance knowledge in their field
Supervise graduate students who are working toward doctoral degrees
Publish original research and analysis in books and academic journals
Serve on academic and administrative committees that review and recommend policies, make budget decisions, or advise on hiring and promotions within their department
Professors and other postsecondary teachers specialize in any of a wide variety of subjects and fields. Some teach academic subjects, such as English or philosophy. Others focus on career-related subjects, such as law, nursing, or culinary arts.
Postsecondary teachers work for different types of institutions, and their job duties vary with the kind of organization they work for.
Some postsecondary teachers are professors who work for large universities. In this setting, they often spend a large portion of their time conducting research and experiments and applying for grants to fund their research. Frequently, they spend less time teaching. Classes may be taught by graduate teaching assistants, who are supervised by a professor.
At colleges and universities, professors (together called the “faculty” of the school) are organized into departments based on the subject matter of their specialty, such as English, physics, Spanish, or music. They may teach one or more courses within that department, such as a mathematics professor teaching calculus, statistics, and a graduate seminar in a very specific area of mathematics.
Professors may teach large classes of several hundred students (usually with the help of several graduate teaching assistants), small classes of about 40 to 50 students, seminars with just a few students, or laboratories where students practice the subject matter. They may work with an increasingly varied student population as more part-time, older, and culturally diverse students are coming to postsecondary schools.
Professors keep up with developments in their field by reading scholarly articles, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. To gain tenure (a guarantee that a professor cannot be fired without just cause), they must do research, such as experiments, document analysis, or critical reviews, and publish their findings.
Other postsecondary teachers work in smaller colleges and universities or in community colleges. Postsecondary teachers in this setting often spend more time teaching classes and working with students. They may spend some time conducting research, but are not given as much time to devote to it.
Some postsecondary teachers work for online universities or teach online classes. They use websites to present lessons and information and to assign and accept students’ work. They communicate with students by email and by phone and may never meet their students in person.
The amount of time postsecondary teachers spend teaching, serving on committees, and doing research also varies with their position in the university. Full-time professors, particularly those who have tenure, often are expected to spend more time on their research. They also may be expected to serve on more college and university committees. Part-time professors, often known as adjunct professors, spend most of their time teaching students.
Graduate teaching assistants, often referred to as graduate TAs, assist faculty by teaching or assisting with classes, while earning a graduate degree as a student. Some teaching assistants have full responsibility for teaching a course. Others help faculty members by grading papers, monitoring exams and quizzes, holding help sessions for students and conducting laboratory sessions. Graduate teaching assistants may work one-on-one with a faculty member, or, in large classes, they may be one of several assistants.
Work Environment
Most classes are held during the day, but some are held on nights and weekends.
Postsecondary teachers held about 1.8 million jobs in 2010.
In 2010, 70 percent of postsecondary teachers worked for colleges, universities and professional schools and 22 percent worked for junior colleges.
Many postsecondary teachers find their jobs rewarding because they are surrounded by others who enjoy their subject. The opportunity to share their expertise with others also is appealing to many.
However, some postsecondary teachers must find a balance between teaching students and doing research and publishing their findings. This can be stressful, especially for beginning teachers seeking advancement in 4-year research universities.
Like college and university instructors, graduate teaching assistants usually have flexibility in their work schedules, but they also must devote time to their own academic coursework and studies. Work may be stressful, particularly when assistants have full responsibility for teaching a class.
Work Schedules
Classes are generally held during the day. Some are held on nights and weekends to accommodate students who have jobs or family obligations.
Many postsecondary teachers do not teach classes in the summer, but they use that time to conduct research or to travel. Other postsecondary teachers teach summer courses.
Postsecondary teachers’ schedules are generally flexible. Postsecondary teachers need to be on campus to teach classes and keep office hours. Otherwise, they are free to set their schedule and decide when and where they will prepare for class and will grade assignments.
About 29 percent of postsecondary teachers worked part time in 2010. Some postsecondary teachers work part time at several colleges or universities.
Most graduate teaching assistants work part time while also studying for their degree. The number of hours they work may vary, depending on the institution and their particular assistantship.
How to Become a Postsecondary Teacher
Some institutions prefer to hire professors who have teaching experience, which can be gained by working as a graduate teaching assistant.
Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Most commonly, postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master’s degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. In technical and trade schools, work experience may be important for getting a postsecondary teaching job.
Education
Postsecondary teachers who work for 4-year colleges and universities are most often required to have a doctoral degree in their field. However, some schools may hire those who have a master’s degree or those who are doctoral degree candidates for some specialties, such as fine arts, or for some part-time positions.
Doctoral programs generally take 6 years of full-time study after the completion of a bachelor’s degree program. Included in the 6 years is time spent completing a master’s degree and then writing a doctoral dissertation, which is a paper presenting original research in the student’s field of study. Candidates usually specialize in a subfield, such as organic chemistry or European history.
Two-year colleges or career and technical schools also may hire those with a master’s degree. However, in some fields, there are more applicants than available positions. In these situations, institutions can be more selective, and they frequently choose applicants who have a Ph.D. over those with a master’s degree.
Postsecondary teachers who teach career and technical education courses, such as culinary arts or cosmetology, may not be required to have graduate-level education. Instead, schools may seek workers who have experience or certification in the field they wish to teach.
Work Experience
Some institutions prefer to hire professors who have teaching experience.
Some prospective professors gain experience by working as graduate teaching assistants—students who are enrolled in a graduate program and teach classes in the institution where they are enrolled.
Other postsecondary teachers gain experience by working in other professions and have full-time jobs in other settings, such as government agencies, private businesses, or nonprofit organizations.
Advancement
For postsecondary teachers, a major goal in the traditional academic career is attaining tenure—a guarantee that a professor cannot be fired without just cause. Tenure can take up to 7 years of moving up the ranks in tenure-track positions. The ranks are assistant professor, associate professor, and professor.
Tenure is granted through a review of the candidate’s research, contribution to the institution, and their teaching. However, institutions are relying more heavily on limited-term contracts and part-time faculty, so tenure positions and positions on a “tenure track” are declining.
Some tenured professors advance to administrative positions, such as dean, or president. For information on deans and other administrative positions, see the profile on postsecondary education administrators. For more information about college and university presidents, see the profile on top executives.
Important Qualities
Communication skills. Postsecondary teachers need to write papers, give lectures, and serve on committees. To do so, they need good communication skills.
Critical-thinking skills. To challenge established theories and beliefs, conduct original research, and design experiments, postsecondary teachers need good critical-thinking skills.
Instructional skills. Postsecondary teachers need to be able to present information in a way that students will understand. They need to adapt to the different learning styles of their students and teach students who have little or no experience with the subject.
Writing skills. Most professors publish original research and analysis. Consequently, they need to be skilled writers.
Pay
Postsecondary Teachers
Median annual wages, May 2010
Postsecondary Teachers
$62,050
Education, Training, and Library Occupations
$45,690
Total, All Occupations
$33,840
All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
The median annual wage of postsecondary teachers was $62,050 in May 2010. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $30,720, and the top 10 percent earned more than $130,510.
Classes are generally held during the day. Some are held on nights and weekends to accommodate students who have jobs or family obligations. Many postsecondary teachers do not teach classes in the summer, but they use that time to conduct research or to travel. Other postsecondary teachers teach summer courses.
Postsecondary teachers’ schedules are generally flexible. Postsecondary teachers need to be on campus to teach classes and keep office hours. Otherwise they are free to set their schedule and decide when and where they will prepare for class and will grade assignments.
About 29 percent of postsecondary teachers worked part time in 2010. Some postsecondary teachers work part time at several colleges or universities.
Most graduate teaching assistants work part time while also studying for their degree. The number of hours they work may vary, depending on the institution and their particular assistantship.
Job Outlook
Postsecondary Teachers
Percent change in employment, projected 2010-20
Postsecondary Teachers
17%
Education, Training, and Library Occupations
15%
Total, All Occupations
14%
All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
Employment of postsecondary teachers is expected to grow by 17 percent from 2010 to 2020, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Growth is expected as enrollments at postsecondary institutions continue to rise.
The number of people attending postsecondary institutions is expected to grow from 2010 to 2020. These students will seek higher education to gain the additional education and skills they need to meet their career goals. As more people enter colleges and universities, more postsecondary teachers will be needed to serve these additional students.
Employment is expected to grow fastest in for-profit institutions, which have experienced rapid enrollment growth over the past decade. This trend is expected to continue from 2010 to 2020.
However, despite expected increases in enrollment, employment growth in public colleges and universities will depend on state and local government budgets. When state and local governments have budget deficits, they may lay off employees. As a result, employment growth may be somewhat dampened by state and local government budget deficits.
Job Prospects
Colleges and universities are moving away from tenure-track positions and toward adjunct and part-time positions. As a result, there is a lot of competition for tenure-track positions. Still, opportunities should be available for part-time or adjunct professors.
In addition, a number of postsecondary teachers are expected to retire, creating opportunities for new people entering the field.
Some specialties, such as nursing and engineering, will likely experience better job prospects than others, such as those in the humanities.
Employment projections data for postsecondary teachers, 2010-20
Occupational Title SOC Code Employment, 2010 Projected Employment, 2020 Change, 2010-20 Employment by Industry
Percent Numeric
Postsecondary Teachers
25-1000 1,756,000 2,061,700 17 305,700
Similar Occupations
This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of postsecondary teachers.
OCCUPATION JOB DUTIES ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION MEDIAN ANNUAL PAY, MAY 2010
Anthropologists and Archeologists
Anthropologists and archeologists study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings, past and present. They examine the cultures, languages, archeological remains, and physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world.
Master’s degree $54,230
Biochemists and Biophysicists
Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of biological processes such as cell development, growth, and heredity.
Doctoral or professional degree $79,390
Chemists and Materials Scientists
Chemists and materials scientists study the structures, compositions, reactions, and other properties of substances. They use their knowledge to develop new and improved products, processes, and materials.
Bachelor’s degree $69,790
Career and Technical Education Teachers
Career and technical education teachers help students in middle school and high school develop career-related and technical skills. They help students explore or prepare to enter a particular occupation, such as one in auto repair, healthcare, business, or the culinary arts.
Bachelor’s degree $53,920
Economists
Economists study the production and distribution of resources, goods, and services.
Bachelor’s degree $89,450
Geographers
Geographers study the earth and its land, features, and inhabitants. They also examine phenomena such as political or cultural structures as they relate to geography. They study the physical or human geographic characteristics or both of a region, ranging in scale from local to global.
Bachelor’s degree $72,800
Historians
Historians research, analyze, interpret, and present the past by studying a variety of historical documents and sources.
Master’s degree $53,520
Microbiologists
Microbiologists study the growth, development, and other characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi.
Bachelor’s degree $65,920
Political Scientists
Political scientists study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. They research political ideas and analyze the structure and operation of governments, policies, political trends, and related issues.
Master’s degree $107,420
Postsecondary Education Administrators
Postsecondary education administrators oversee student services, academics, and research at colleges and universities. Their job duties vary depending on the area of the college they manage, such as admissions, student life, or the office of the registrar.
Master’s degree $83,710
Sociologists
Sociologists study society and social behavior by examining the groups, cultures, organizations, social institutions, and processes that people develop.
Master’s degree $72,360
Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Zoologists and wildlife biologists study the characteristics and habitats of animals and wildlife.
Bachelor’s degree $57,430
Contacts for More Information
For more information about postsecondary teachers, visit
Council of Graduate Schools
Association for Career and Technical Education
This chapter provides clear insight in the current state of German professors jobs - the next chapter covers how to find and apply for German professors jobs.
FINDING AND APPLYING FOR German professors JOBS AND EVALUATING OFFERS
Finding—and getting—a job you want can be a challenging process, but knowing more about job search methods and application techniques can increase your chances of success. And knowing how to judge the job offers you receive makes it more likely that you will end up with the best possible job.
Where to learn About Job Openings
Job Search Methods
Applying for a Job
Job Interview Tips
Evaluating a Job Offer
Where to Learn About Job Openings
Personal contacts
School career planning and placement offices
Employers
Classified ads:
National and local newspapers
Professional journals
Trade magazines
Internet resources
Professional associations
Labor unions
State employment service offices
Federal Government
Community agencies
Private employment agencies and career consultants
Internships
Job Search Methods
Finding a job can take months of time and effort. But you can speed the process by using many methods to find job openings. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics suggest that people who use many job search methods find jobs faster than people who use only one or two.
Personal contacts.
Many jobs are never advertised. People get them by talking to friends, family, neighbors, acquaintances, teachers, former coworkers, and others who know of an opening. Be sure to tell people that you are looking for a job because the people you know may be some of the most effective resources for your search. To develop new contacts, join student, community, or professional organizations.
School career planning and placement offices.
High school and college placement offices help their students and alumni find jobs. Some invite recruiters to use their facilities for interviews or career fairs. They also may have lists of open jobs. Most also offer career counseling, career testing, and job search advice. Some have career resource libraries; host workshops on job search strategy, resume writing, letter writing, and effective interviewing; critique drafts of resumes; conduct mock interviews; and sponsor job fairs.
Employers.
Directly contacting employers is one of the most successful means of job hunting. Through library and Internet research, develop a list of potential employers in your desired career field. Then call these employers and check their Web sites for job openings. Web sites and business directories can tell you how to apply for a position or whom to contact. Even if no open positions are posted, do not hesitate to contact the employer: You never know when a job might become available.
