R For Dummies

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Vries Andrie de. R For Dummies

Introduction

About This Book

Changes in the Second Edition

Conventions Used in This Book

What You’re Not to Read

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Icons Used in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I. Getting Started with R Programming

Chapter 1. Introducing R: The Big Picture

Recognizing the Benefits of Using R

Looking At Some of the Unique Features of R

Chapter 2. Exploring R

Working with a Code Editor

Starting Your First R Session

Sourcing a Script

Navigating the Environment

Chapter 3. The Fundamentals of R

Using the Full Power of Functions

Keeping Your Code Readable

Getting from Base R to More

Part II. Getting Down to Work in R

Chapter 4. Getting Started with Arithmetic

Working with Numbers, Infinity, and Missing Values

Organizing Data in Vectors

Getting Values in and out of Vectors

Working with Logical Vectors

Powering Up Your Math

Chapter 5. Getting Started with Reading and Writing

Using Character Vectors for Text Data

Manipulating Text

Factoring in Factors

Chapter 6. Going on a Date with R

Working with Dates

Presenting Dates in Different Formats

Adding Time Information to Dates

Formatting Dates and Times

Performing Operations on Dates and Times

Chapter 7. Working in More Dimensions

Adding a Second Dimension

Using the Indices

Naming Matrix Rows and Columns

Calculating with Matrices

Adding More Dimensions

Combining Different Types of Values in a Data Frame

Manipulating Values in a Data Frame

Combining Different Objects in a List

Part III. Coding in R

Chapter 8. Putting the Fun in Functions

Moving from Scripts to Functions

Using Arguments the Smart Way

Coping with Scoping

Dispatching to a Method

Chapter 9. Controlling the Logical Flow

Making Choices with if Statements

Doing Something Else with an if..else Statement

Vectorizing Choices

Making Multiple Choices

Looping Through Values

Looping without Loops: Meeting the Apply Family

Chapter 10. Debugging Your Code

Knowing What to Look For

Reading Errors and Warnings

Going Bug Hunting

Generating Your Own Messages

Recognizing the Mistakes You’re Sure to Make

Chapter 11. Getting Help

Finding Information in the R Help Files

Searching the Web for Help with R

Getting Involved in the R Community

Making a Minimal Reproducible Example

Part IV. Making the Data Talk

Chapter 12. Getting Data into and out of R

Getting Data into R

Getting Your Data out of R

Working with Files and Folders

Chapter 13. Manipulating and Processing Data

Deciding on the Most Appropriate Data Structure

Creating Subsets of Your Data

Adding Calculated Fields to Data

Combining and Merging Data Sets

Sorting and Ordering Data

Traversing Your Data with the Apply Functions

Getting to Know the Formula Interface

Whipping Your Data into Shape

Chapter 14. Summarizing Data

Starting with the Right Data

Describing Continuous Variables

Describing Categories

Describing Distributions

Describing Multiple Variables

Working with Tables

Chapter 15. Testing Differences and Relations

Taking a Closer Look at Distributions

Comparing Two Samples

Testing Counts and Proportions

Working with Models

Part V. Working with Graphics

Chapter 16. Using Base Graphics

Creating Different Types of Plots

Controlling Plot Options and Arguments

Saving Graphics to Image Files

Chapter 17. Creating Faceted Graphics with Lattice

Creating a Lattice Plot

Changing Plot Options

Plotting Different Types

Plotting Data in Groups

Printing and Saving a Lattice Plot

Chapter 18. Looking At ggplot 2 Graphics

Installing and Loading ggplot2

Looking At Layers

Using Geoms and Stats

Sussing Stats

Adding Facets, Scales, and Options

Getting More Information

Part VI. The Part of Tens

Chapter 19. Ten Things You Can Do in R That You Would’ve Done in Microsoft Excel

Adding Row and Column Totals

Formatting Numbers

Sorting Data

Making Choices with If

Calculating Conditional Totals

Transposing Columns or Rows

Finding Unique or Duplicated Values

Working with Lookup Tables

Working with Pivot Tables

Using the Goal Seek and Solver

Chapter 20. Ten Tips on Working with Packages

Poking Around the Nooks and Crannies of CRAN

Finding Interesting Packages

Installing Packages

Loading Packages

Reading the Package Manual and Vignette

Updating Packages

Forging Ahead with R-Forge

Getting packages from github

Conducting Installations from BioConductor

Reading the R Manual

Appendix A. Installing R and RStudio

Installing and Configuring R

Installing and Configuring RStudio

Appendix B. The r fordummies Package

Using rfordummies

About the Authors

Dedication

Authors' Acknowledgments

Отрывок из книги

Welcome to R For Dummies, the book that helps you learn the statistical programming language R quickly and easily.

We can’t guarantee that you’ll be a guru if you read this book, but you should be able to

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One very handy operator is called sequence, and it looks like a colon (:). Type the following in your console:

That’s more like it. With three keystrokes, you’ve generated a vector with the values 1 through 5. To calculate the sum of this vector, type into your console:

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