The Butterfly Book

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W. J. Holland. The Butterfly Book

The Butterfly Book

Table of Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT

LIST OF COLORED PLATES

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I

THE LIFE-HISTORY AND ANATOMY OF BUTTERFLIES

CHAPTER II

THE CAPTURE, PREPARATION, AND PRESERVATION OF SPECIMENS

CHAPTER III

THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUTTERFLIES

CHAPTER IV

BOOKS ABOUT NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

THE BUTTERFLIES

OF

NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. SUBORDER RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES)

FAMILY I

NYMPHALIDÆ (THE BRUSH-FOOTED BUTTERFLIES)

SUBFAMILY EUPLŒINÆ (THE MILKWEED. BUTTERFLIES)

SUBFAMILY ITHOMIINÆ (THE LONG-WINGS)

SUBFAMILY HELICONIINÆ (THE HELICONIANS)

SUBFAMILY NYMPHALINÆ (THE NYMPHS)

SUBFAMILY SATYRINÆ (THE SATYRS)

SUBFAMILY LIBYTHEINÆ (THE SNOUT-BUTTERFLIES)

FAMILY II. LEMONIIDÆ

SUBFAMILY ERYCININÆ (THE METAL-MARKS)

FAMILY III. LYCÆNIDÆ

(THE BLUES, THE COPPERS, THE HAIR-STREAKS)

SUBFAMILY LYCÆNINÆ

FAMILY IV

PAPILIONIDÆ (THE SWALLOWTAILS AND ALLIES)

SUBFAMILY PIERINÆ (THE SULPHURS AND WHITES)

SUBFAMILY PAPILIONINÆ

FAMILY V

HESPERIIDÆ (THE SKIPPERS)

SUBFAMILY PYRRHOPYGINÆ

SUBFAMILY HESPERIINÆ (THE HESPERIDS)

SUBFAMILY PAMPHILINÆ

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION

INDEX

Explanation of Color Plates

Отрывок из книги

W. J. Holland

A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America

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Fig. 23.—Caterpillar of Anosia plexippus, undergoing change into chrysalis: a, caterpillar just before rending of the skin; b, chrysalis just before the cremaster, or hook, at its end is withdrawn; c, chrysalis holding itself in place by the folds of the shed skin caught between the edges of the abdominal segments, while with the cremaster, armed with microscopic hooks, it searches for the button of silk from which it is to hang (Riley). (Compare Fig. 24, showing final form of the chrysalis.)

The Form of Chrysalids.—The forms assumed by the insect in this stage of its being vary very greatly, though there is a general resemblance among the different families and subfamilies, so that it is easy for one who has studied the matter to tell approximately to what family the form belongs, even when it is not specifically known. Chrysalids are in most cases obscure in coloring, though a few are quite brilliant, and, as in the case of the common milkweed butterfly (Anosia plexippus), ornamented with golden-hued spots. The chrysalids of the Nymphalidæ, one of the largest groups of butterflies, are all suspended. The chrysalids of the Papilionidæ, or swallowtail butterflies, are held in place by girdles, and generally are bifurcate or cleft at the upper end (Fig. 25), and are greenish or wood-brown in color.

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