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W. Pearsall H.. Mountains and Moorlands
Mountains and Moorlands. W. H Pearsall
EDITORS:
Table of Contents
EDITORS’ PREFACE
AUTHOR’S PREFACE
PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
RECENT EROSION
CHAPTER 3
RAINFALL
ALTITUDE AND ORGANISM
CHAPTER 4
SKELETAL AND IMMATURE SOILS
FLUSHED SOILS
LEACHED SOILS
CHEMICAL STAGES IN LEACHING
WATERLOGGED SOILS AND PEATS
THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF SOILS
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC—OXIDISING AND REDUCING SOILS
MULL AND MOR
SIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT OF HUMUS
THE SOIL HABITATS AS A WHOLE
CHAPTER 5
COLONISING VEGETATION
MONTANE GRASSLANDS
SUMMIT-HEATH VEGETATION
FLUSH VEGETATION
THE MONTANE FLORA
CHAPTER 6
FESCUE GRASSLANDS
BRACKEN
NARDUS GRASSLAND
MOLINIA GRASSLAND
GRASS-HEATHS, FLUSHES AND ALLUVIAL PASTURES
NUTRITIVE LEVELS
CHAPTER 7
MIXED WOODS ON FLUSH SOILS
OAK-WOODS
ALDER-WOODS
BIRCH-WOODS
PINE-WOODS
WOODLAND DEGENERATION
REGENERATION-AFFORESTATION AND STATE FORESTS
CHAPTER 8
BILBERRY-MOOR OR VACCINIUM-EDGE
HEATHER-MOOR
BOG VEGETATION
MOLINIA-SPHAGNUM BOGS
MIXED MOORS
CHANGES IN BOG VEGETATION
CHAPTER 9
RELIEF FACTORS
SOIL FACTORS
CHAPTER 10
THE LAKE DISTRICT
THE SOUTHERN PENNINE MOORLANDS
THE NORTHERN PENNINE MOORLANDS
CLIMATIC CHANGE
PEAT EROSION
PLANT SUCCESSION
CHAPTER 11
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF GRASSLANDS AND MOORLANDS
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE MOUNTAIN-TOPS AND FLUSHES
CHAPTER 12
MAMMALS AND BIRDS BREEDING OR RESIDENT ABOVE 1,000 FT
EFFECTS OF GAME PRESERVATION
EFFECTS OF STATE FORESTS
CHAPTER 13
GROUSE-MOOR
DEER-FORESTS
SHEEP-WALK
HISTORY OF ANIMAL COMMUNITIES
CHAPTER 14
GRAZING AND AFFORESTATION
TYPES OF PLANTING
PASTURE IMPROVEMENT
OTHER FORMS OF UTILISATION
PEAT
POLICY
REPOPULATION
CHAPTER 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY
INDEX
Plates
PLATE II
PLATE III
PLATE IV
PLATE V
PLATE VI
PLATE VII
PLATE VIII
PLATE IX
PLATE X
PLATE XI
PLATE XII
PLATE XIII
PLATE XIV
PLATE XV
PLATE XVI
PLATE XVII
PLATE XVIII
PLATE XIX
PLATE XX
PLATE XXI
PLATE XXII
PLATE XXIII
PLATE XXIV
PLATE XXV
PLATE XXVI
PLATE XXVII
PLATE XXVIII
PLATE XXIX
PLATE XXX
PLATE XXXI
PLATE XXXII
PLATE 1
PLATE 2
PLATE 3
PLATE 4
PLATE 5
PLATE 6
PLATE 7
PLATE 8
PLATE 9
PLATE 10
PLATE 11
PLATE 12
PLATE 13
PLATE 14
PLATE 15
PLATE 16
PLATE 17
PLATE 18
PLATE 19
PLATE 20
PLATE 21
PLATE 22
PLATE 23
PLATE 24
PLATE 25
PLATE 26
PLATE 27
PLATE 28
PLATE 29
PLATE 30
PLATE 31
PLATE 32
Copyright
About the Publisher
Отрывок из книги
Collins New Naturalist Library
JOHN GILMOUR M.A., V.M.H.
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Somewhat similar contrasts are to be seen in Rhum, where the outstanding peaks of Hallival and Askival are composed of ultra-basic and coarsely crystalline rocks of an unusual type. Their craggy outlines contrast noticeably with the grassy and rounded appearance of the hills farther west, such as Fionchre and Bloodstone Hill, both mainly built of more easily weathered basalt. A similar contrast is seen between the peaks of igneous rock and the gentle moorland contours of the Torridonian sandstones in the northern part of the island, which form a foreground as seen from Skye. In northern Arran, too, there were great intrusions of igneous rocks. The granite of Goatfell stands out boldly, as seen from Brodick Bay, against a foreground of softer sandstones.
The igneous geology of these western mountains is extremely complex and cannot adequately be discussed here except where it plays a part in determining the characteristic features of a mountain mass. But a few words may perhaps be spared for Ben Nevis (4406 ft.) which, as the highest mountain in Britain, deserves at least a passing mention. Ben Nevis represents a central plug of rock, surrounded by two cylinders of intrusive granite, that is presumably by two cylindrical faults, filled up from below by molten rock. The cap of the mountain core consists of ancient lavas (Old Red Sandstone Period) overlying Dalradian schists, and it is supposed that this central core of rock must have sunk considerably into the molten rock now represented by the granite cylinders. Going east from Ben Nevis, Carn Mor Dearg lies on the inner cylinder of granite and Aonach Mor (3,999 ft.) on the outer cylinder. From the north-west, both types of granite can be distinguished on the route from Fort William to the summit of Ben Nevis.
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