"The Life of Crustacea" by W. T. Calman. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
Оглавление
W. T. Calman. The Life of Crustacea
The Life of Crustacea
Table of Contents
PREFACE
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT
FULL-PAGE PLATES
THE LIFE OF CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER II. THE LOBSTER AS A TYPE OF CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER IV. THE METAMORPHOSES OF CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER V. CRUSTACEA OF THE SEASHORE
CHAPTER VI. CRUSTACEA OF THE DEEP SEA
CHAPTER VII. FLOATING CRUSTACEA OF THE OPEN SEA
CHAPTER VIII. CRUSTACEA OF FRESH WATERS
CHAPTER IX. CRUSTACEA OF THE LAND
CHAPTER X. CRUSTACEA AS PARASITES AND MESSMATES
CHAPTER XI. CRUSTACEA IN RELATION TO MAN
CHAPTER XII
CRUSTACEA OF THE PAST
APPENDIX
I. METHODS OF COLLECTING AND PRESERVING CRUSTACEA
II. NOTES ON BOOKS
General Work
British Crustacea
INDEX
Footnote
Отрывок из книги
W. T. Calman
Published by Good Press, 2021
.....
View larger image
The venous channels which convey the blood back to the heart are so arranged that most of the blood passes first through the gills, for the purpose of respiration, before it reaches the heart and is again distributed through the body. These gills, as already mentioned, lie in the two branchial chambers under the side-flaps of the carapace (Fig. 7), and are attached, some to the epipodites of the thoracic limbs (as described above), and some to the soft membrane of the joints between the limbs and the body; while others are attached to the side-wall of the thorax itself. Each gill is somewhat like a bottle-brush in shape, consisting of a central stalk set round with rows of soft hair-like processes. As the blood streams through the minute channels inside these filaments, it is separated only by a thin membrane from the surrounding water, and the absorption of oxygen and discharge of carbon dioxide can go on easily. For this purpose, however, it is necessary that the water within the gill chamber should be constantly renewed, and this is effected in the following way: the front part of the gill chamber forms a narrow channel running forward under the side-wall of the carapace. Within this channel lies a large plate known as the scaphognathite, attached to the outer side of the maxilla, which during life is constantly in movement, causing a current of water to flow forwards through the channel. The water enters the gill chamber by the narrow slit-like space between the lower edge of the carapace and the bases of the legs, and is discharged in front at the sides of the head, where its movement is helped by the vibrating exopodites of the maxillipeds.
