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Walter J. Kleinlein. Rules and Practice for Adjusting Watches
Rules and Practice for Adjusting Watches
Table of Contents
PREFACE
RULES AND PRACTICE
FOR. Adjusting Watches
PART I. THE ADJUSTMENT TO TEMPERATURE
CHAPTER I
THE COMPENSATION BALANCE CONTROLLING FACTOR
1. General Method of Obtaining Results
2.How to Place Screws When the Rate is Either Slow or Fast in Heat Compared to Cold
3.Composition of and Distortions of Compensation Balances
4.Tests and Experiments
5.Effect of Shifting Screws to Different Locations
6.Permanency of the Temperature Adjustment
CHAPTER II
EQUIPMENT FOR TEMPERATURE ADJUSTING
7.Various Methods Available
8.Electrically Equipped Oven, Description and Dimensions
9.The Lower Temperature Box
CHAPTER III
DIFFERENCE IN OBSERVATORY AND COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS
10.Observatory System
11.Commercial System
12.Rating Card and Method of Calculating Variation
13.Value of the Normal Period Rate
14.Definition of the Characters Used on Rate Cards for Gain or Loss in Time
15.Increasing or Decreasing the Extremes of Temperature
CHAPTER IV
SOME PRACTICAL METHODS OF CORRECTION
16.Example of Maintaining a Pleasing Appearance of the Balance
17.Correction Varies When Screws are Above or Below Normal Size and Weight
18.Over or Under Compensation
19.Special Corrections for Over or Under Compensation
20.Example Demonstrating that Temperature Variation is not Always Due to the Balance and Spring
CHAPTER V
THE MIDDLE TEMPERATURE ERROR
21.Why This Error Exists and What it Consists Of
22.How Nickel Steel Balances Overcome the Middle Temperature Error
PART II. THE ADJUSTMENT TO ISOCHRONISM AND POSITIONS
CHAPTER VI
GENERAL CONSIDERATION
23.Optional Allowances for Variation
24.Some Necessary Requirements for Learning Adjusting
25.Train and Escapement Freedom
CHAPTER VII
THEORY AND PRACTICE
26.Theory of Frictional Errors and the Isochronal Hairspring
27.How Theory Works Out in Practice and What Isochronism Consists of
28.Common Causes of Extreme Isochronal Variation
CHAPTER VIII
RELATIVE PINNING POINTS OF THE HAIRSPRING
29.Original Springing of Watches
30.How Pinning Point Alterations are Made
31.Even Coil Hairsprings Very Incorrect for Some Models
32.How to Find the Correct Collet Pinning Point for Any Watch
33.Results in Vertical Position Rates Due to Changing the Pinning Point
34.The Natural Position Error and Why it Cannot be Eliminated
35.Principle of Pinning Point Alterations
36.Same Principles Apply in Case of American Hunting Models
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER IX
MANIPULATION OF THE REGULATOR PINS
37.Altering the Length of Spring by Regulator Pins
38.Method of Examining Vibration of Over Coil Between the Pins
39.Position Corrections Obtained by Spreading or Closing the Regulator Pins
CHAPTER X
FACTORY AND REPAIR SHOP ADJUSTING
40.Routine Varies According to Circumstances
41.Considering the Watchmaker in the Small Shop One or Two Workmen
42.Advantage of Understanding Adjusting Even Though Watches are Not Tested in Positions or Isochronism
43.Concerning Watchmakers of Limited Experience
CHAPTER XI
PRELIMINARY NOTES AND PRACTICE FOR BEGINNERS
44.Practical Suggestions
45.The First Point of Consideration in Learning to Adjust
46.Causes of Variation Between Dial Up and Dial Down
47.Short Motion Generally Indicates Where to Find Trouble
48.Short Motion Sometimes Caused by Burr on Opposite Pivot
49.Examining the Hairspring
50.Exceptions in Regard to Gaining Rate and Short Motion
51.Detailed Practice
52.Which Rate to Use as the Unit for Comparison
53.Damaged Pivots, Pitted End Stones and Methods of Correction
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XII
PRELIMINARY NOTES AND PRACTICE ON VERTICAL CORRECTIONS
54.Five Principal Causes and Corrections for Pendant Up Variation
55.Poor Motion, Cause and Effect
56.Regulator Pin Practice for Pendant Up Variation
57.Pendant Up Corrections Through Poise of Balance
58.Concentricity of the Hairspring
59.Correcting Pendant Up Variation Through Pinning Point Alterations
60.Percentage of Watches Requiring Correction of Position Rates
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XIII
CONCRETE EXAMPLES SHOWING DEFINITE THREE POSITION ALTERATIONS AND LABOR UTILIZED
61.Order of Position Timing and Method of Calculating the Variation
62.Example No. 1, Three Positions
63.Example No. 2, Three Positions
64.Example No. 3, Three Positions
65.Example No. 4, Three Positions
CHAPTER XIV
CONCRETE EXAMPLES SHOWING DEFINITE FIVE POSITION ALTERATIONS AND LABOR UTILIZED
66.What Five Position Adjusting Consists of—Detailed Allowances
67.Example No. 5
68.Example No. 6
69.Example No. 7
70.Example No. 8
71.Example No. 9
72.Example No. 10
73.Causes of Extremely Fast Vertical Rates
74.How to Locate Defective Gearings
CHAPTER XV
TIMING AND FINAL REGULATION
75.Mean Time Screws and Timing Washers
76.Importance of Properly Fitted Regulator
77.Effect of the Middle Temperature Error
78.Some Practical Reasons for Slow Rates
PART III. SPECIAL NOTES
CHAPTER XVI
SPECIAL NOTES
79.Efficiency of Execution Analyzed (Two Examples)
80.Truing the Balance
81.Poising the Balance
82.Truing Hairsprings
83.Treating a Rusty Hairspring
84.Stopping by Escapement Locking When Hands are Set Backward, or When Watch Receives a Jar
85.Essentials and Non-Essentials in Cleaning Watches
