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ОглавлениеResearch biostatisticians
Job Hunting
A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers
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Copyright
Notice of Rights
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.
Notice of Liability
The information in this book is distributed on an As Is basis without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the products described in it.
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Good solid advice and great strategies
for getting interviews and landing the Research biostatisticians job.
To Prepare for the Job this book tells you:
the training and education needed
earnings
expected job prospects
the job’s activities and responsibilities
working conditions
To Land the Job, it gives you the hands-on and how-to’s insight on
Finding Opportunities - the best places to find them
Writing Unbeatable Resumes and Cover Letters
Acing the Interview
What to Expect From Recruiters
How employers hunt for Job-hunters.... and More
This book offers excellent, insightful advice for everyone from entry-level to senior professionals. None of the other such career guides compare with this one. It stands out because it:
Explains how the people doing the hiring think, so that you can win them over on paper and then in your interview;
Is filled with useful cheat and work-sheets;
Explains every step of the job-hunting process - from little-known ways for finding openings to getting ahead on the job.
This book covers everything. Whether you are trying to get your first Job or move up in the system, you will be glad you got this book.
Contents
FINDING AND APPLYING FOR Research biostatisticians JOBS AND EVALUATING OFFERS
Where to Learn About Job Openings
School career planning and placement offices.
State employment service offices.
Federal Government.
Community agencies.
Private employment agencies and career consultants.
Internships.
Applying for a Research biostatisticians Job
Resumes and application forms.
Gathering information.
Choosing a format.
Resume and KSA (knowledge, skills & abilities) tips:
Cover letters.
Research biostatisticians Job Interview Tips
Preparation:
Personal appearance:
The interview:
Information to bring to an interview:
Evaluating a Research biostatisticians Job Offer
The organization.
Should you work for a relatively new organization or one that is well established?
The job
Where is the job located?
Does the work match your interests and make good use of your skills?
How important is the job to the company or organization?
What will the hours be?
How long do most people who enter this job stay with the company?
The company should have a training plan for you.
Salaries and benefits.
WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE TABLE…
THE INTERVIEW AND SELECTION PROCESS
Step 1
Technical Competencies Assessment Guide
Step 2
Determine the Customer Service Focused
Competencies of the Job
Definitions:
Responsible.
Likeable.
Believable.
Outgoing.
Unflappable.
CUSTOMER SERVICE FOCUSED BEHAVIORS ASSESSMENT GUIDE
Step 3
Develop Interview Questions to Assess Both
Technical and Customer Service
Focused Competencies
Step 4
Conducting the Interview
Step 5
Background and Reference Checks
Making a Job Offer
Confirming Job Offer Letter
Informing Unsuccessful Candidates
Retention of Interview Materials
SAMPLE CUSTOMER SERVICE FOCUSED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Responsible
Likeable
Believable
Outgoing
Unflappable
INTERVIEWING Research biostatisticians
A Practical Guide for Selecting
THE INTERVIEW PROCESS
Planning
Confirming/Scheduling Interview
Conducting the Interview
Closing
Follow Up
TIPS ON INTERVIEWING
Interview Questions To Get You Started
Supervisor and Manager Competencies
Interviewing People With Disabilities
Accommodating Persons With Disabilities For An Interview
Interview Do’s and Don’ts
CHECKING REFERENCES
Which References Should I Check?
Tips for Checking References
The Reference Check Questions To Ask
Prohibited Questions and Practices
RECORDING A PROFILE OF IMPRESSIONS
Supervisory and Managerial Competencies:
Building Coalitions/Communication:
Recruiting Research biostatisticians - It Takes More Than A Job Announcement
Before Submitting the Vacancy
When the Vacancy Announcement is Open
Once the Certificate of Eligibles is Received
After The Selection is Made
ASSESSING YOUR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES
Policies and Procedures
Recruitment Strategies
“There are few, if any, jobs in which ability alone is sufficient. Needed, also, are loyalty, sincerity, enthusiasm and team play.” - William B. Given, Jr.
“When people go to work, they shouldn’t have to leave their hearts at home.” - Betty Bender
“One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.” - Elbert Hubbard
”To find joy in work is to discover the fountain of youth.” - Pearl S. Buck
“One of the symptoms of an approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that one’s work is terribly important.” - Bertrand Russell
“Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work.” - Thomas A. Edison
“Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.” - Theodore Roosevelt
“Going to work for a large company is like getting on a train. Are you going sixty miles an hour or is the train going sixty miles an hour and you’re just sitting still?” - J. Paul Getty
“The world is full of willing people, some willing to work, the rest willing to let them.” - Robert Frost
“So much of what we call management consists in making it difficult for people to work.” - Peter Drucker
”Nothing is really work unless you would rather be doing something else.” - James M. Barrie
”I’m a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it.” - Thomas Jefferson
“Success in business requires training and discipline and hard work. But if you’re not frightened by these things, the opportunities are just as great today as they ever were.” - David Rockefeller
Research biostatisticians FACTS:
Summary, What Research biostatisticians do, Work Environment, How to become one, Pay, Job Outlook, Similar Occupations and Contacts for More Information.
Statisticians
Summary
Statisticians design surveys, experiments, and opinion polls to collect data.
Quick Facts: Statisticians
2010 Median Pay $72,830 per year
$35.02 per hour
Entry-Level Education Master’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation None
On-the-job Training None
Number of Jobs, 2010 25,100
Job Outlook, 2010-20 14% (About as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2010-20 3,500
What Statisticians Do
Statisticians use mathematical techniques to analyze and interpret data and draw conclusions.
Work Environment
Although statisticians work mostly in offices, they may travel in order to supervise surveys or gather data. Sometimes they must work overtime to meet deadlines. About one-third of statisticians work for government; many others work for private businesses.
How to Become a Statistician
A bachelor’s degree in statistics is sufficient for many entry-level jobs. However, most statisticians pursue further education and earn a master’s degree in statistics, mathematics, or survey methodology. Research and academic jobs generally require a Ph.D.
Pay
The median annual wage of statisticians was $72,830 in May 2010.
Job Outlook
Employment of statisticians is expected to increase by 14 percent from 2010 to 2020, as fast as the average for all occupations. Job prospects will be very good.
Similar Occupations
Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of statisticians with similar occupations.
O*NET
O*NET provides comprehensive information on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
Contacts for More Information
Learn more about statisticians by contacting these additional resources.
What Statisticians Do
Statisticians must develop techniques to overcome problems in data collection and analysis.
Statisticians use mathematical techniques to analyze and interpret data and draw conclusions. Many economic, social, political, and military decisions rely on the work of statisticians.
Duties
Statisticians typically do the following:
Determine the questions or problems to be addressed
Decide what data are needed to answer the questions or problems
Determine methods for finding or collecting data
Design surveys or experiments or opinion polls to collect data
Collect data or train others to do so
Analyze and interpret data
Report conclusions from their analyses
Statisticians design surveys, experiments, and opinion polls to collect data. Some surveys, such as the U.S. census, include data from nearly everyone. For most surveys and opinion polls, however, statisticians use sampling to collect data from some people in a particular group. Statisticians determine the type and size of the sample to be surveyed or polled.
Statisticians develop survey questionnaires or reporting forms for collecting the data they need. They also often write instructions for workers who collect and tabulate the data. Surveys may be mailed, conducted over the phone, or collected online or through some other means. Statisticians analyze the data that are collected. In their analyses, statisticians calculate averages, reliability, and other specifics of the data. They also choose and conduct tests to find out the data’s reliability and validity.
Statisticians explain the limitations of the data to prevent inaccurate conclusions from being drawn, and they identify trends and relationships. Statisticians use computers with specialized statistical software to analyze data. Some statisticians help to create new statistical software packages to analyze data more accurately and efficiently.
Statisticians write reports to explain their findings and the data’s limitations. They may present their reports to other team members and to clients with tables, charts, and graphs. Statisticians also recommend how to improve the design of future surveys or experiments.
Statisticians work in many fields, such as education, marketing, psychology, and sports: any field that requires collection and analysis of large amounts of data. In particular, government, health, and manufacturing employ many statisticians:
Government. Nearly every agency in the federal government employs statisticians. Some government statisticians develop and analyze surveys that measure unemployment, wages, and other estimates of jobs and workers. Other statisticians help to figure out the average level of pesticides in drinking water, the number of endangered species living in a particular area, or the number of people who have a certain disease, for example. At national defense agencies, statisticians use computer programs to test the likely outcomes of different defense strategies.
Health. Statisticians known as biostatisticians or biometricians work in pharmaceutical companies, public health, and medicine. They design studies that test whether drugs successfully treat diseases or conditions. They also work for hospitals and public health agencies, where they help identify the sources of outbreaks of illnesses in humans and animals.
Manufacturing. Statisticians design experiments for product testing and development. For instance, they help to design experiments to see how car engines perform when exposed to extreme weather conditions. Statisticians also contribute to the design of marketing strategies and prices for final goods.
Work Environment
Statisticians, like many other professionals, do most of their work on a computer in an office setting.
Statisticians held about 25,100 jobs in 2010. About a third of statisticians work for government, mostly at the federal level. Most federal statisticians are employed at the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the National Agricultural Statistical Service, or the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Many statisticians hired by the federal government are known as mathematical statisticians. These workers develop advanced statistical models for several purposes, such as filling in gaps from nonresponses to surveys.
Many statisticians work for private businesses, such as pharmaceutical and insurance companies, and often work in teams with other professionals. For example, in pharmaceutical companies, statisticians may work with scientists to test drugs for government approval. In insurance companies, they may work with actuaries to calculate the risks of insuring different situations. Because statisticians in business provide advice on research projects or oversee the gathering of data, they travel occasionally for face-to-face meetings with team members.
The following tabulation includes selected industries which employed statisticians in 2010:
Federal government, excluding postal service 20%
Scientific research and development services 12
Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private 9
State government, excluding education and hospitals 8
Insurance carriers 7
Work Schedules
Statisticians generally work full time. Overtime may be needed to meet deadlines.
How to Become a Statistician
A bachelor’s degree in statistics is sufficient for many entry-level jobs. However, most statisticians pursue further education and earn a master’s degree in statistics, mathematics, or survey methodology. Research and academic jobs generally require a Ph.D.
Education
Many colleges and universities offer undergraduate and graduate degree programs in statistics. A bachelor’s degree in statistics is not needed to enter a graduate program, although significant training in mathematics is essential. Required subjects for a bachelor’s degree in statistics include differential and integral calculus, statistical methods, mathematical modeling, and probability theory.
Because statisticians use and write computer programs for many calculations, a strong background in computer science is helpful. Training in engineering or physical science is useful for statisticians working in manufacturing on quality control or productivity improvement. A background in biology, chemistry, or health sciences is useful for work involving testing pharmaceutical or agricultural products.
Important Qualities
Critical-thinking skills. Statisticians use logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Problem-solving skills. Statisticians must develop techniques to overcome problems in data collection and analysis, such as high nonresponse rates, so that they can draw meaningful conclusions.
Speaking skills. Because statisticians often work in teams, they must be able to orally communicate statistical information and ideas so that others will understand.
Writing skills. Good writing skills are important for statisticians because they need to explain technical matters to persons without their level of statistical expertise.
Advancement
Opportunities for promotion are greater for people with master’s degrees or Ph.D.s. Statisticians with a master’s degree or a Ph.D. usually can design their own work. They may develop new statistical methods. They may become independent consultants.
Pay
Statisticians
Median annual wages, May 2010
Computer and Mathematical Occupations
$73,720
Statisticians
$72,830
Total, All Occupations
$33,840
All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
The median annual wage of statisticians was $72,830 in May 2010. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $39,090 and the top 10 percent earned more than $119,100.
In March 2011, the average annual salary in the federal government was $95,695 for statisticians and $108,868 for mathematical statisticians.
As shown in the tabulation below, statisticians working for the federal government had the highest median annual wage in May 2010:
Federal government, excluding postal service $94,970
Scientific research and development services 83,140
Insurance carriers 66,050
Colleges, universities, and professional schools;
state, local, and private 65,020
State government, excluding education and hospitals 45,370
Statisticians generally work full time. Overtime may be needed to meet deadlines.
Job Outlook
Statisticians
Percent change in employment, projected 2010-20
Computer and Mathematical Occupations
22%
Total, All Occupations
14%
Statisticians
14%
All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.
Employment of statisticians is projected to grow 14 percent from 2010 to 2020, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Growth will result from more widespread use of statistical analysis to make informed decisions. In addition, the large increase in available data from the Internet will open up new areas for analysis.
Government agencies will employ more statisticians to improve the quality of the data available for policy analysis. This occupation will also see growth in research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences, where statisticians’ skills in designing tests and assessing results prove highly useful.
Statisticians will continue to be needed in the pharmaceutical industry. As pharmaceutical companies develop new treatments and medical technologies, biostatisticians will be needed to do research and conduct clinical trials. Research and testing are necessary to help companies obtain approval for their products from the Food and Drug Administration.
A large amount of data is generated from Internet searching. Businesses will need statisticians to organize, analyze, and sort through the data for commercial reasons.
Job Prospects
Job prospects for statisticians will be very good. Graduates with a master’s degree in statistics and with a strong background in an allied related field, such as finance, biology, engineering, or computer science, should have the best prospects of finding jobs related to their field of study.
Employment projections data for statisticians, 2010-20
Occupational Title SOC Code Employment, 2010 Projected Employment, 2020 Change, 2010-20 Employment by Industry
Percent Numeric
Statisticians
15-2041 25,100 28,600 14 3,500
Similar Occupations
This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of statisticians.
OCCUPATION JOB DUTIES ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION MEDIAN ANNUAL PAY, MAY 2010
Actuaries
Actuaries analyze the financial costs of risk and uncertainty. They use mathematics, statistics, and financial theory to assess the risk that an event will occur and to help businesses and clients develop policies that minimize the cost of that risk.
Bachelor’s degree $87,650
Computer Systems Analysts
Computer systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and procedures and make recommendations to management to help the organization operate more efficiently and effectively. They bring business and information technology (IT) together by understanding the needs and limitations of both.
Bachelor’s degree $77,740
Economists
Economists study the production and distribution of resources, goods, and services.
Bachelor’s degree $89,450
Financial Analysts
Financial analysts provide guidance to businesses and individuals making investment decisions. They assess the performance of stocks, bonds, and other types of investments.
Bachelor’s degree $74,350
Market Research Analysts
Market research analysts study market conditions in local, regional, or national areas to examine potential sales of a product or service. They help companies understand what products people want, who will buy them, and at what price.
Bachelor’s degree $60,570
Mathematicians
Mathematicians use high-level mathematics and technology to develop new mathematical principles, understand relationships between existing principles, and solve real-world problems.
Master’s degree $99,380
Operations Research Analysts
Operations research analysts use advanced methods of analysis to help organizations solve problems and make better decisions.
Bachelor’s degree $70,960
Postsecondary Teachers
Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and vocational subjects beyond the high school level. They also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.
Doctoral or professional degree $62,050
Survey Researchers
Survey researchers design or conduct surveys and analyze survey data. Many groups use surveys to collect factual data, such as employment and salary information, or to ask questions that help them understand people’s opinions, attitudes, beliefs, or desires.
Bachelor’s degree $36,050
Contacts for More Information
For more information about statisticians, visit
American Statistical Association
For more information on doctoral-level careers and training in mathematics, a field closely related to statistics, visit
American Mathematical Society
For information on job openings for statisticians or mathematical statisticians in the federal government, visit
Office of Personnel Management
This chapter provides clear insight in the current state of Research biostatisticians jobs - the next chapter covers how to find and apply for Research biostatisticians jobs.
FINDING AND APPLYING FOR Research biostatisticians JOBS AND EVALUATING OFFERS
Finding—and getting—a job you want can be a challenging process, but knowing more about job search methods and application techniques can increase your chances of success. And knowing how to judge the job offers you receive makes it more likely that you will end up with the best possible job.
Where to learn About Job Openings
Job Search Methods
Applying for a Job
Job Interview Tips
Evaluating a Job Offer
Where to Learn About Job Openings
Personal contacts
School career planning and placement offices
Employers
Classified ads:
National and local newspapers
Professional journals
Trade magazines
Internet resources
Professional associations
Labor unions
State employment service offices
Federal Government
Community agencies
Private employment agencies and career consultants
Internships
Job Search Methods
Finding a job can take months of time and effort. But you can speed the process by using many methods to find job openings. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics suggest that people who use many job search methods find jobs faster than people who use only one or two.
Personal contacts.
Many jobs are never advertised. People get them by talking to friends, family, neighbors, acquaintances, teachers, former coworkers, and others who know of an opening. Be sure to tell people that you are looking for a job because the people you know may be some of the most effective resources for your search. To develop new contacts, join student, community, or professional organizations.
School career planning and placement offices.
High school and college placement offices help their students and alumni find jobs. Some invite recruiters to use their facilities for interviews or career fairs. They also may have lists of open jobs. Most also offer career counseling, career testing, and job search advice. Some have career resource libraries; host workshops on job search strategy, resume writing, letter writing, and effective interviewing; critique drafts of resumes; conduct mock interviews; and sponsor job fairs.
Employers.
Directly contacting employers is one of the most successful means of job hunting. Through library and Internet research, develop a list of potential employers in your desired career field. Then call these employers and check their Web sites for job openings. Web sites and business directories can tell you how to apply for a position or whom to contact. Even if no open positions are posted, do not hesitate to contact the employer: You never know when a job might become available.
Consider asking for an informational interview with people working in the career you want to learn more. Ask them how they got started, what they like and dislike about the work, what type of qualifications are necessary for the job, and what type of personality succeeds in that position. In addition to giving you career information, they may be able to put you in contact with other people who might hire you, and they can keep you in mind if a position opens up.
Classified ads.
The “Help Wanted” ads in newspapers and the Internet list numerous jobs, and many people find work by responding to these ads. But when using classified ads, keep the following in mind:
Follow all leads to find a job; do not rely solely on the classifieds.
Answer ads promptly, because openings may be filled quickly, even before the ad stops appearing in the paper.
Read the ads every day, particularly the Sunday edition, which usually includes the most listings.
Keep a record of all ads to which you have responded, including the specific skills, educational background, and personal qualifications required for the position.
Internet resources.
The Internet includes many job hunting Web sites with job listings. Some job boards provide National listings of all kinds; others are local. Some relate to a specific type of work; others are general. To find good prospects, begin with an Internet search using keywords related to the job you want. Also look for the sites of related professional associations.
Also consider checking Internet forums, also called message boards. These are online discussion groups where anyone may post and read messages. Use forums specific to your profession or to career-related topics to post questions or messages and to read about the job searches or career experiences of other people.
In online job databases, remember that job listings may be posted by field or discipline, so begin your search using keywords. Many Web sites allow job seekers to post their resumes online for free.
Professional associations. Many professions have associations that offer employment information, including career planning, educational programs, job listings, and job placement. To use these services, associations usually require that you be a member; information can be obtained directly from an association through the Internet, by telephone, or by mail.
Labor unions.
Labor unions provide various employment services to members and potential members, including apprenticeship programs that teach a specific trade or skill. Contact the appropriate labor union or State apprenticeship council for more information.
State employment service offices.
The State employment service, sometimes called the Job Service, operates in coordination with the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Local offices, found nationwide, help job seekers to find jobs and help employers to find qualified workers at no cost to either. To find the office nearest you, look in the State government telephone listings under “Job Service” or “Employment.”
Job matching and referral.
At the State employment service office, an interviewer will determine if you are “job ready” or if you need help from counseling and testing services to assess your occupational aptitudes and interests and to help you choose and prepare for a career. After you are job ready, you may examine available job listings and select openings that interest you. A staff member can then describe the job openings in detail and arrange for interviews with prospective employers.
Services for special groups.
