The Fontana History of Chemistry
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William Brock J.. The Fontana History of Chemistry
FONTANA HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY
THE FONTANA HISTORY OF. CHEMISTRY
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE FONTANA HISTORY OF SCIENCE
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
INTRODUCTION
1 On the Nature of the Universe and the Hermetic Museum
CHINESE ALCHEMY
GREEK ALCHEMY
ARABIC AND MEDIEVAL ALCHEMY
NEWTON’S ALCHEMY
THE DEMISE OF ALCHEMY AND ITS LITERARY TRADITION
2 The Sceptical Chymist
PARACELSIANISM
HELMONTIANISM
THE ACID-ALKALI THEORY
A SCEPTICAL CHEMIST
BOYLE’S PHYSICAL THEORY OF MATTER
THE VACUUM BOYLIANUM AND ITS AFTERMATH
NEWTON’S CHEMISTRY
THE PHLOGISTONISTS
CONCLUSION
3 Elements of Chemistry
A SCIENTIFIC CIVIL SERVANT
THE CHEMISTRY OF AIR
THE CHEMICAL REVOLUTION
THE AFTERMATH
CONCLUSION
4 A New System of Chemical Philosophy
DALTON’S ‘NEW SYSTEM’
DALTON’S LIFE
THE ATOMIC THEORY
THE ORIGINS OF DALTON’S THEORY
ELECTRIFYING DALTON’S THEORY
CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
PROUT’S HYPOTHESIS
VOLUMETRIC RELATIONS
SCEPTICISM TOWARDS ATOMISM
CONCLUSION
5 Instructions for the Analysis of Organic Bodies
PURITY
THE BASIS OF CHEMISTRY
THE SUPPLY OF APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS
LIEBIG, ORGANIC ANALYSIS AND THE RESEARCH SCHOOL
CONCLUSION
6 Chemical Method
CLASSIFICATION BY RADICALS
CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES
7 On the Constitution and Metamorphoses of Chemical Compounds
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF QUANTIVALENCE
KEKULÉ AND THE THEORY OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
THE TRIUMPH OF STRUCTURAL THEORY
8 Chemistry Applied to Arts and Manufactures
THE ALKALI INDUSTRY
DYESTUFFS AND COLOURING
9 Principles of Chemistry
SORTING THE ELEMENTS
THE RARE EARTHS
THE INERT GASES
MANUFACTURING ELEMENTS
MENDELEEV’S PRINCIPLES
CONCLUSION
10 On the Dissociation of Substances Dissolved in Water
PROTO-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
RAOULT AND VAN’T HOFF
ELECTROCHEMISTRY FROM FARADAY TO ARRHENIUS
THE IONIC THEORY
THE RECEPTION OF THE IONIC THEORY
11 How to Teach Chemistry
FRANKLAND’S STATE-SPONSORED CHEMISTRY
ARMSTRONG’S HEURISTIC METHOD
TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS IN TEACHING
THE LABORATORY
12 The Chemical News
FORMING CHEMICAL SOCIETIES
THE CHEMICAL PERIODICAL
WILLIAM CROOKES, CHEMICAL EDITOR
13 The Nature of the Chemical Bond
THE LEWIS ATOM
SPREADING THE ELECTRONIC THEORY
THE PAULING BOND
14 Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry
THE LAPWORTH – THIELE – ROBINSON TRADITION
THE MICHAEL – FLÜRSCHEIM – VORLANDER TRADITION
THE ELECTRONIC THEORY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS
ORGANIZING THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
THE KINETICS OF MECHANISMS
THE SPREAD OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
AROMATICITY
THE NON-CLASSICAL ION DEBATE
CONCLUSION
15 The Renaissance of Inorganic Chemistry
WERNER’S NEW IDEAS
SIDGWICK’S ELECTRONIC INTERPRETATION OF CO-ORDINATION CHEMISTRY
AUSTRALIAN CHEMISTRY
AUSTRALIAN AND JAPANESE CHEMISTRY
CO-ORDINATION CHEMISTRY IN AUSTRALIA
NYHOLM’S RENAISSANCE
CONCLUSION
16 At the Sign of the Hexagon
SYNTHESIS
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
EPILOGUE
APPENDIX. History of Chemistry Museums and Collections
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTERS 6 AND 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 16
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR. THE FONTANA HISTORY OF. CHEMISTRY
OTHER BOOKS BY. FONTANA HISTORY OF SCIENCE. GENERAL EDITOR: ROY PORTER
COPYRIGHT
ABOUT THE PUBLISHER
Отрывок из книги
(Editor: Roy Porter)
William H. Brock
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The Lewis Atom
Spreading the Electronic Theory
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