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William S. Furneaux. Butterflies and Moths (British)
Butterflies and Moths (British)
Table of Contents
PART I. STRUCTURE AND LIFE-HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA
CHAPTER I. GENERAL CHARACTERS
CHAPTER II. THE EGG
CHAPTER III. THE LARVA
CHAPTER IV. THE PUPA OR CHRYSALIS
CHAPTER V. CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEPIDOPTERA
PART II. WORK AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD
CHAPTER VI. CATCHING BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS
Catching Butterflies
Catching Moths by Day
Searching for Moths at Night
CHAPTER VII. COLLECTING OVA, LARVÆ, AND PUPÆ
Collecting Ova
Collecting Larvæ
Collecting Pupæ
CHAPTER VIII. REARING LEPIDOPTERA
Management of Ova
Rearing Larvæ
The Management of Pupæ
CHAPTER IX. SETTING AND PRESERVING
Setting and Preserving Butterflies and Moths
CHAPTER X. PRESERVING OVA, LARVÆ AND PUPÆ
CHAPTER XI. THE CABINET—ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIMENS
PART III. BRITISH BUTTERFLIES
CHAPTER XII. THE SWALLOW-TAIL AND THE 'WHITES'
Family—Papilionidæ. The Swallow-tail (Papilio Machaon)
Family—Pieridæ
The Black-veined White (Aporia Cratægi)
The Large White (Pieris Brassicæ)
The Small White (P. Rapæ)
The Green-veined White (P. Napi)
The Bath or Green-chequered White (P. Daplidice)
The Orange Tip (Euchloë Cardamines)
The Wood White (Leucophasia Sinapis)
The Pale Clouded Yellow (Colias Hyale)
The Clouded Yellow (Colias Edusa)
Colias Edusa, var. Helice
The Brimstone (Gonopteryx Rhamni)
CHAPTER XIII. THE FRITILLARIES, VANESSAS, AND THE PURPLE EMPEROR
Family—Nymphalidæ
The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Argynnis Selene)
The Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Argynnis Euphrosyne)
The Queen of Spain Fritillary (Argynnis Latona)
The Dark-green Fritillary (Argynnis Aglaia)
The High-brown Fritillary (Argynnis Adippe)
The Silver-washed Fritillary (Argynnis Paphia)
The Greasy Fritillary (Melitæa Aurinia)
The Glanville Fritillary (Melitæa Cinxia)
The Heath Fritillary (Melitæa Athalia)
The Comma (Vanessa C-Album)
The Large Tortoiseshell (Vanessa Polychloros)
The Small Tortoiseshell (Vanessa Urticæ)
The Peacock (Vanessa Io)
The Camberwell Beauty (Vanessa Antiopa)
The Red Admiral (Vanessa Atalanta)
The Painted Lady (Vanessa Cardui)
The White Admiral (Limenitis Sibylla)
Family—Apaturidæ. The Purple Emperor (Apatura Iris)
CHAPTER XIV. THE BROWNS AND HEATHS
Family—Satyridæ
The Marbled White (Melanargia Galatea)
The Small Ringlet (Erebia Epiphron)
The Northern Brown (Erebia Æthiops)
The Speckled Wood or Wood Argus (Pararge Egeria)
The Wall Butterfly (Pararge Megæra)
The Grayling (Satyrus Semele)
The Meadow Brown (Epinephele Janira)
The Large Heath (Epinephele Tithonus)
The Ringlet (Epinephele Hyperanthus)
The Marsh Ringlet (Cænonympha Typhon)
The Small Heath (Cænonympha Pamphilus)
CHAPTER XV. THE HAIRSTREAKS, COPPERS AND BLUES
Family—Lycænidæ
The Brown Hairstreak (Thecla Betulæ)
The Black Hairstreak, or White-letter Hairstreak (Thecla W-album)
The Dark Hairstreak (Thecla Pruni)
The Purple Hairstreak (Thecla Quercus)
The Green Hairstreak (Thecla Rubi)
The Large Copper (Polyommatus Dispar)
The Small Copper (Polyommatus Phlæas)
The Tailed Blue (Lycæna Bætica)
The Silver-studded Blue (Lycæna Ægon)
The Brown Argus (Lycæna Astrarche)
The Common Blue (Lycæna Icarus)
The Clifden Blue (Lycæna Bellargus)
The Chalk-Hill Blue (Lycæna Corydon)
The Holly Blue (Lycæna Argiolus)
The Mazarine Blue (Lycæna Semiargus)
The Small Blue (Lycæna Minima)
The Large Blue (Lycæna Arion)
CHAPTER XVI. THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND THE SKIPPERS
Family—Erycinidæ. The Duke of Burgundy (Nemeobius Lucina)
Family—Hesperiidæ—The Skippers
The Grizzled Skipper (Syrichthus Malvæ)
The Dingy Skipper (Nisoniades Tages)
The Small Skipper (Hesperia Thaumas)
The New Small Skipper (Hesperia Lineola)
The Lulworth Skipper (Hesperia Actæon)
The Large Skipper (Hesperia Sylvanus)
The Silver-spotted Skipper (Hesperia Comma)
The Chequered Skipper (Carterocephalus Palæmon)
PART IV. COMMON BRITISH MOTHS
CHAPTER XVII. SPHINGES
Family—Sphingidæ
The Death's-Head Hawk (Acherontia Atropos)
The Privet Hawk (Sphinx Ligustri)
The Spurge Hawk (Deilephila Euphorbiæ)
The Small Elephant Hawk (Chærocampa Porcellus)
The Large Elephant (Chærocampa Elpenor)
The Eyed Hawk (Smerinthus Ocellatus)
The Poplar Hawk (Smerinthus Populi)
The Lime Hawk (Smerinthus Tiliæ)
The Humming-Bird Hawk (Macroglossa Stellatarum)
The Broad-bordered Bee Hawk (Macroglossa Fuciformis)
Family Sesiidæ—The Clearwings
The Hornet Clearwing of the Poplar (Trochilium Apiformis)
The Currant Clearwing (Sesia Tipuliformis)
Family—Zygænidæ
The Forester (Ino Statices)
The Broad-bordered Five-spotted Burnet (Zygæna Trifolii)
The Six-spotted Burnet (Zygæna Filipendulæ)
CHAPTER XVIII. BOMBYCES
Family—Nycteolidæ. The Green Silver-lined (Hylophila prasinana)
Family—Nolidæ. The Short-cloaked Moth (Nola cucullatella)
Family—Lithosiidæ. The Muslin Moth (Nudaria mundana)
The Common Footman (Lithosia lurideola)
Family—Eucheliidæ. The Cinnabar (Euchelia Jacobææ)
The Scarlet Tiger (Callimorpha Dominula)
Family—Cheloniidæ. The Wood Tiger (Nemeophila Plantaginis)
The Tiger (Arctia caia)
The Cream-spot Tiger (Arctia villica)
The Buff Ermine (Spilosoma lubricipeda)
The White Ermine (Spilosoma Menthastri)
Family—Hepialidæ
The Ghost Swift (Hepialus Humuli)
The Common Swift (Hepialus lupulinus)
Family—Cossidæ
The Goat Moth (Cossus ligniperda)
The Leopard Moth (Zeuzera pyrina)
Family—Liparidæ
The Brown Tail (Porthesia chrysorrhœa)
The Gipsy (Ocneria dispar)
The Black Arches (Psilura Monacha)
The Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua)
Family—Bombycidæ
The Oak Eggar (Bombyx Quercus)
The Drinker (Odonestis potatoria)
The Lappet (Lasiocampa quercifolia)
Family—Endromidæ. The Kentish Glory (Endromis versicolor)
Family—Saturniidæ. The Emperor Moth (Saturnia pavonia)
Family—Drepanulidæ
The Oak Hook Tip (Drepana binaria)
The Chinese Character (Cilix glaucata)
Family—Dicranuridæ
The Poplar Kitten (Dicranura bifida)
The Puss (Dicranura vinula)
Family—Notodontidæ. The Coxcomb Prominent (Lophopteryx camelina)
Family—Pygæridæ. The Buff Tip (Phalera bucephala)
The Chocolate Tip (Pygæra curtula)
Family—Cymatophoridæ
The Peach Blossom (Thyatira Batis)
The Yellow-horned (Asphalia flavicornis)
CHAPTER XIX. THE NOCTUÆ
Family—Bryophilidæ. The Marbled Beauty (Bryophila Perla)
Family—Bombycoidæ
The Grey Dagger (Acronycta Psi)
The Poplar Grey (Acronycta megacephala)
The Figure of Eight (Diloba cæruleocephala)
Family—Leucaniidæ
The Brown-line Bright-eye (Leucania conigera)
The Smoky Wainscot (Leucania impura)
The Common Wainscot (Leucania pallens)
The Bullrush (Nonagria arundinis)
Family—Apameidæ
The Frosted Orange (Gortyna Ochracea)
The Flame (Axylia putris)
The Light Arches (Xylophasia lithoxylea)
The Flounced Rustic (Luperina testacea)
The Cabbage Moth (Mamestra Brassicæ)
The Dot (Mamestra Persicariæ)
The Rustic Shoulder-knot (Apamea basilinea)
The Marbled Minor (Miana strigilis)
Family—Caradrinidæ
The Mottled Rustic (Caradrina Morpheus)
Family—Noctuidæ
The Turnip Moth (Agrotis Segetum)
The Heart and Dart (Agrotis Exclamationis)
The Garden Dart (Agrotis nigricans)
The Flame Shoulder (Noctua plecta)
The Lesser Broad Border (Triphæna ianthina)
The Lesser Yellow Underwing (Triphæna Comes)
The Large Yellow Underwing (Triphæna Pronuba)
Family—Amphipyridæ. The Gothic (Mania typica)
The Old Lady (Mania Maura)
Family—Orthosiidæ
The Common Quaker (Tæniocampa stabilis)
The Chestnut (Cerastis Vaccinii)
The Pink-barred Sallow (Xanthia Flavago)
Family—Cosmiidæ. The Dun-bar (Calymnia trapezina)
Family—Hadenidæ
The Broad-barred White (Hecatera serena)
The Marvel-du-jour (Agriopis Aprilina)
The Small Angle Shades (Euplexia lucipara)
The Angle Shades (Phlogophora Meticulosa)
The Grey Arches (Aplecta nebulosa)
The Shears (Hadena dentina)
The Bright-line Brown-eye (Hadena oleracea)
Family—Xylinidæ
The Early Grey (Xylocampa Areola)
The Shark (Cucullia umbratica)
Family—Gonopteridæ. The Herald Moth (Gonoptera Libatrix)
Family—Plusiidæ
The Burnished Brass (Plusia Chrysitis)
The Silver Y (Plusia Gamma)
Family—Euclidiidæ. The Mother Shipton (Euclidia Mi)
Family—Catocalidæ
The Clifden Nonpareil (Catocala Fraxini)
The Red Underwing (Catocala Nupta)
The Dark Crimson Underwing (Catocala Sponsa)
CHAPTER XX. GEOMETRÆ
Family—Uropterygidæ. The Swallow Tail (Uropteryx sambucaria)
Family—Ennomidæ
The Brimstone Moth (Rumia luteolata)
The Scalloped Oak (Crocallis elinguaria)
The August Thorn (Eugonia quercinaria)
Family—Amphidasydæ
The Brindled Beauty (Biston hirtaria)
The Peppered Moth (Amphidasys betularia)
Family—Boarmiidæ
The Waved Umber (Hemerophila abruptaria)
The Willow Beauty (Boarmia gemmaria)
Family—Geometridæ
The Large Emerald (Geometra papilionaria)
The Common Emerald (Hemithea strigata)
Family—Ephyridæ. The Maiden's Blush (Zonosoma punctaria)
Family—Acidaliidæ
The Lace Border (Acidalia ornata)
The Riband Wave (A. aversata)
The Blood-vein (Timandra amataria)
Family—Caberidæ
The Common Wave (Cabera exanthemata)
The Clouded Silver (Bapta temerata)
Family—Macariidæ. The V Moth (Halia Vauaria)
Family—Fidoniidæ
The Common Heath (Ematurga atomaria)
The Bordered White (Bupalus piniaria)
Family—Zerenidæ. The Currant Moth (Abraxas grossulariata)
Family—Hyberniidæ
The Spring Usher (Hybernia leucophæaria)
The Mottled Umber (Hybernia defoliaria)
The March Moth (Anisopteryx æscularia)
Family—Larentiidæ
The November Moth (Oporabia dilutata)
The Twin-spot Carpet (Larentia didymata)
The Grass Rivulet (Emmelesia albulata)
The Netted Pug (Eupithecia venosata)
The Narrow-winged Pug (Eupithecia nanata)
The Brindled Pug (Eupithecia abbreviata)
The Small Seraphim (Lobophora sexalisata)
The Blue-bordered Carpet (Melanthia bicolorata)
The Beautiful Carpet (Melanthia albicillata)
The Silver Ground Carpet (Melanippe montanata)
The Garden Carpet (Melanippe fluctuata)
The Yellow Shell (Camptogramma bilineata)
The Small Phœnix (Cidaria silaceata)
Family—Euboliidæ
The Small Mallow (Eubolia limitata)
The Treble Bar (Anaitis plagiata)
CHAPTER XXI. THE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Pyralides
The Tabby (Aglossa pinguinalis)
The Meal Moth (Pyralis farinalis)
The Small Magpie (Eurrhypara urticata)
The Mother-of-Pearl (Botys ruralis)
The Garden Pebble (Pionea forficalis)
The Beautiful China Mark (Hydrocampa stagnata)
The Pterophori
Platyptilia gonodactyla
Leioptilus osteodactylus
Aciptilia pentadactyla
Alucita hexadactyla
Crambi
Chilo Phragmitellus
Crambus hamellus
Crambus tristellus
Crambus hortuellus
Galleria mellonella
The Tortrices
Tortrix xylosteana
Tortrix viridana
Peronea cristana
Ptycholoma lecheana
Penthina pruniana
Antithesia salicella
Sciaphila octomaculana
Ephippiphora cirsiana
Carpocapsa pomonella
Xanthosetia zoegana
The Tineæ
Diurnea fagella
Adela cuprella
Hyponomeuta Padellus
Depressaria nervosa
Harpella Geoffrella
Coleophora ibipennella
Tischeria complanella
Nepticula aurella
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA
RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES)
HETEROCERA (MOTHS) SPHINGES
BOMBYCES
NOCTUÆ
GEOMETRÆ
APPENDIX II. THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
COLOURED PLATES
INDEX
