New Word-Analysis
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William Swinton. New Word-Analysis
New Word-Analysis
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART I
PART II
PART III
PART IV
PART V
WORD-ANALYSIS
PART I.—INTRODUCTION
I.—ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY
II.—ETYMOLOGICAL CLASSES OF WORDS
III.—PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
EXERCISE
IV.—RULES OF SPELLING USED IN FORMING DERIVATIVE WORDS
Rule 1.—Final "e" followed by a Vowel
Rule II.—Final "e" followed by a Consonant
Rule III.—Final "y" preceded by a Consonant
Rule IV.—Final "y" preceded by a Vowel
Rule V.—Doubling
Rule VI.—No Doubling
PART II.—THE LATIN ELEMENT
I.—LATIN PREFIXES
II.—LATIN SUFFIXES
CLASSIFIED REVIEW OF LATIN SUFFIXES, WITH GENERIC DEFINITIONS
II
III
EXERCISE
I
1. Nouns
2. Verbs
3. Adjectives
1. Nouns
2. Verbs
3. Adjectives
II
III
III.—DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF LATIN DERIVATIVES
Pronunciation of Latin Words
LATIN ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES
DIVISION I.—METHOD OF STUDY
1. AG'ERE: a'go, ac'tum, to do, to drive
EXERCISE
2. ALIE'NUS, another, foreign
EXERCISE
3. AMA'RE, to love, AMI'CUS, a friend
EXERCISE
4. AN'IMUS, mind, passion; AN'IMA, life
EXERCISE
5. AN'NUS, a year
EXERCISE
6. ARS, ar'tis, art, skill
EXERCISE
7. AUDI'RE: au'dio, audi'tum, to hear
EXERCISE
8. CA'PUT, cap'itis, the head
EXERCISE
9. CI'VIS, a citizen
EXERCISE
10. COR, cor'dis, the heart
EXERCISE
11. COR'PUS, cor'poris, the body
EXERCISE
12. CRED'ERE: cre'do, cred'itum, to believe
EXERCISE
13. CUR'RERE: cur'ro, cur'sum, to run
EXERCISE
14. DIG'NUS, worthy
EXERCISE
15. DOCE'RE: do'ceo, doc'tum, to teach
EXERCISE
16. DOM'INUS, a master or lord
EXERCISE
17. FI'NIS, an end or limit
EXERCISE
18. FLU'ERE: flu'o, flux'um, to flow
EXERCISE
19. GREX, gre'gis, a flock or herd
EXERCISE
20. I'RE: e'o, i'tum, to go
EXERCISE
21. LA'PIS, lap'idis, a stone
EXERCISE
22. LEX, le'gis, a law or rule
EXERCISE
23. LIT'ERA, a letter
EXERCISE
24. MORS, mortis, death
EXERCISE
25. NOR'MA, a rule
EXERCISE
26. OR'DO, or'dinis, order
EXERCISE
27. PARS, par'tis, a part or share
EXERCISE
28. PES, pe'dis, a foot
EXERCISE
29. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break
EXERCISE
30. TEM'PUS, tem'poris, time
EXERCISE
DIVISION II.—ABBREVIATED LATIN DERIVATIVES
1. A'CER, a'cris, sharp; Acer'bus, bitter; Ac'idus, sour; Ace'tum, vinegar
2. AE'DES, a house
3. Æ'QUUS, equal: Æqua'lis, equal, just
4. Æ'VUM, an age; Æter'nitas, eternal
5. A'GER, a'gri, a field, land
6. AL'ERE: a'lo, al'itum or al'tum, to nourish; ALES'CERE: ales'co to grow up
7. AL'TER, another; Alter'nus, one after another
8. ANTI'QUUS, old, ancient
9. AP'TUS, fit, suitable
10. A'QUA, water
11. AR'BITER, ar'bitri, a judge or umpire
12. AR'BOR, ar'boris, a tree
13. AR'MA, arms, weapons
14. ARTIC'ULUS, a little joint
15. AS'PER, rough
16. AUGE'RE: au'geo, auc'tum, to increase
17. A'VIS, a bird; Au'gur, Aus'pex, aus'picis, a soothsayer
18. BAR'BARUS, savage, uncivilized
19. BIS, twice or two
20. BO'NIS, good; Be'ne, well
EXERCISE
21. CAD'ERE: ca'do, ca'sum, to fall
22. CÆD'ERE: cæ'do, cæ'sum, to cut, to kill
23. CAL'CULUS, a pebble
24. CANDE'RE: can'deo, can'ditum, to be white, to shine (literally, to burn, to glow); Can'didus, white
25. CAN'ERE: ca'no, can'tum, to sing; Fr. chanter, to sing
26. CAP'ERE: ca'pio, cap'tum, to take
27. CA'RO, carnis, flesh
28. CAU'SA, a cause
29. CAVE'RE: ca'veo, cautum, to beware
30. CA'VUS, hollow
31. CED'ERE: ce'do, ces'sum, to go, to yield
32. CENSE'RE: cen'seo, cen'sum, to weigh, to estimate, to tax
33. CEN'TRUM, the middle point
34. CEN'TUM, a hundred
35. CER'NERE: cer'no, cre'tum, to sift, to see, to judge; Discrimen, discrim'inis, distinction
36. CERTA'RE: cer'to, certa'tum, to contend, to vie
37. CIN'GERE: cin'go, cinc'tum, to gird
38. CIR'CUS, a circle; cir'culus, a little circle
39. CITA'RE: ci'to, cita'tum, to stir up, to rouse
40. CLAMA'RE: cla'mo, clama'tum, to cry out, to shout; Clam'or, a loud cry
EXERCISE
41. CLAU'DERE: clau'do, clau'sum, to shut, to close
42. CLINA'RE: cli'no, clina'tum, to bend; Cli'vus, a slope or hill
43. COL'ERE: co'lo, cul'tum, to till, to cultivate (Low Lat. Cultiva're, to cultivate)
44. CREA'RE: cre'o, crea'tum, to create
45. CRES'CERE: cres'co, cre'tum, to grow
46. CRUX, cru'cis, a cross
47. CUBA'RE: cu'bo (in compos, cumbo), cub'itum, to lie down
48. CU'RA, care
49. DA'RE: do, da'tum, to give
50. DEBE'RE: de'beo, deb'itum, to owe
51. DE'CEM, ten; Dec'imus, the tenth
52. DENS, den'tis, a tooth
53. DE'US, a God; Divi'nus, relating to God, divine
54. DIC'ERE: di'co, dio'tum, to say
55. DI'ES, a day; French jour, a day
56. DIVID'ERE: div'ido, divi'sum, to divide, to separate
57. DOLE'RE: do'leo, doli'tum, to grieve
58. DU'CERE: du'co, duc'tum, to lead, to bring forward
59. DU'O, two
60. DU'RUS, hard, lasting; DURA'RE: du'ro, dura'tum, to last
EXERCISE
62. ERRA'RE: er'ro, erra'tum, to wander
63. ES'SE, to be; en, en'tis, being
64. FA'CERE: fa'cio, fac'tum, to do or make; French Faire
65. FAL'LERE: fal'lo, fal'sum, to deceive; French Faillir, to fall short or do amiss
66. FA'NUM, a temple
67. FA'RI, fa'tus, to speak
68. FATE'RI: fa'teor, fas'sus (in comp. fes'sus), to acknowledge, to show
69. FELIX, feli'cis, happy
70. FEN'DERE: fen'do, fen'sum, to keep off, to strike.6
71. FER'RE: fe'ro, la'tum, to bear, to carry
72. FERVE'RE: fer'veo, to boil; Fermen'tum, leaven
73. FES'TUS, joyful, merry
74. FID'ERE: fi'do, to trust; Fi'des, faith; Fide'lis, trusty
75. FI'GERE: fi'go, fix'um, to join, fix, pierce
76. FIN'GERE: fin'go, fic'tum, to form, to feign; Figu'ra, a shape
77. FIR'MUS, strong, stable
78. FLAM'MA, a stream of fire
EXERCISE
79. FLEC'TERE: flec'to, flex'um, to bend
80. FLOS, flo'ris, a flower
81. FŒ'DUS, fœd'eris, a league or treaty
82. FO'LIUM, a leaf
83. FOR'MA, shape, form
84. FOR'TIS, strong
85. FRAN'GERE: fran'go, frac'tum, to break; Fra'gilis, easily broken
86. FRA'TER, fra'tris, a brother; Frater'nus, brotherly
87. FRONS, fron'tis, the forehead
88 FRU'OR: fruc'tus, to enjoy; Fru'ges, corn; French Fruit, fruit
89. FU'GERE: fu'gio, fu'gitum, to flee
90. FU'MUS, smoke
91. FUN'DERE: fun'do, fu'sum, to pour
92. GER'ERE: ge'ro, ges'tum, to bear or carry
93. GIG'NERE: gig'no, gen'itum, to beget; Gens, gen'tis, a clan or nation, Ge'nus, gen'eris, a kind
94. GRA'DI: gra'dior, gres'sus, to walk
95. GRA'TUS, thankful, pleasing
96. GRA'VIS, heavy
97. HABE'RE: ha'beo, hab'itum, to have or hold; HABITA'RE, hab'ito, habita'tum, to use frequently, to dwell
98. HÆRE'RE: hæ'reo, hæ'sum, to stick
99. HÆRES, hære'dis, an heir or heiress; French Hériter, to be heir to
100. HO'MO, hom'inis, a man; Huma'nus, human
EXERCISE
101. HU'MUS, the earth; Hu'milis, on the ground, lowly
102. JA'CERE: ja'cio, jac'tum, to throw or cast
103. JUN'GERE: jun'go, junc'tum, to join; Ju'gum, a yoke
104. JURA'RE: ju'ro, jura'tum, to swear
105. JUS, ju'ris, right law; Jus'tus, lawful; Ju'dex, ju'dicis, a judge
106. LE'GERE: le'go, lec'tum, to gather, to read
107. LEVA'RE: le'vo, leva'tum, to raise; Le'vis, easily raised, light; French Lever, to rise or raise
108. LI'BER, free
109. LO'CUS: a place
110. LO'QUI: lo'quor, locu'tus, to speak
111. LU'DERE: lu'do, lu'sum, to play or deceive
112. LUX, lu'cis, light; Lu'men, lu'minis, light
113. MAG'NUS, great; Ma'jor, greater; Magis'ter, master
114. MA'NUS, the hand; French Main, the hand
115. MA'RE, the sea
116. ME'DIUS, the middle
117. MENINIS'SE: mem'ini, to remember; Me'mor, mindful; MEMORA'RE mem'oro, memora'tum, to remember, to mention
118. MENS, men'tis, the mind
EXERCISE
119. MER'CES, hire; Merx, mer'cis, merchandise
120. MER'GERE: mer'go, mer'sum, to dip, to sink
121. MIGRA'RE: migro, migra'tum, to remove
122. MI'LES, mil'itis, a soldier
123. MINE'RE: min'eo, min'itum, to hang over
124. MINU'ERE: min'uo, minu'tum, to lessen; Mi'nor, less; Mi'nus, less
125. MINIS'TER, a servant or attendant
126. MIRA'RI: mi'ror, mira'tus, to wonder
127. MISCE'RE: mis'ceo, mix'tum, to mingle
128. MI'SER, wretched
129. MIT'TERE: mit'to, mis'sum, to send or cast
130. MODERA'RI: mod'eror, modera'tus, to keep within bounds; Mo'dus, a measure or manner
131. MONE'RE: mo'neo, mon'itum, to remind, to warn
132. MONS, mon'tis, a mountain
133. MONSTRA'RE: mon'stro, monstra'tum, to point out, to show
134. MORDE'RE: mor'deo, mor'sum, to bite
135. MOS, mo'ris, manner, custom; pl. Mo'res, manners or morals
136. MOVE'RE: mo'veo, mo'tum, to move
137. MUL'TUS, multi, many, much
138. MU'NUS, mu'neris, a gift, a service
139. MUTA'RE: mu'to, muta'tum, to change
140. NAS'CI: nas'cor, na'tus, to be born, to grow; Natu'ra, nature
141. NA'VIS, a ship
142. NEC'TERE: nec'to, nex'um, to tie or bind
EXERCISE
143. NEGA'RE: ne'go, nega'tum, to deny
144. NEU'TER, neu'trum, neither of the two
145. NOCE'RE: no'ceo, no'citum, to hurt
146. NO'MEN, nom'inis, a name
147. NOS'CERE: nos'co, no'tum, to know; No'ta, a mark
148. NO'VUS, new
149. NU'MERUS, a number
150. NUNCIA'RE: nuncio, nuncia'tum, to announce; Nun'cius, a messenger
151. NUTRI'RE: nu'trio, nutri'tum, to nourish
152. O'PUS, op'eris, a work or deed; OPERA'RI, opera'tus, to work
153. PAN'DERE: pan'do, pan'sum, and pas'sum, to spread; Pas'sus, a step
154. PAR, equal
155. PARA'RE. pa'ro, para'tum, to make ready, to prepare; SEPARA'RE: sep'aro, separa'tum, to separate
156. PAT'ER, pa'tris, a father; Pa'tria, one's native country
157. PA'TI: pa'tior, pas'sus, to bear, to suffer
158. PEL'LERE; pel'lo, pul'sum, to drive
159. PENDE'RE; pen'deo, pen'sum, to hang
160. PEN'DERE: pen'do, pen'sum, to weigh, to pay
161. PET'ERE: pe'to, peti'tum, to attack, to seek
EXERCISE
162. PLEC'TERE: plec'to, plex'um, to twist; PLICA'RE: pli'co, plica'tum, and plic'itum, to fold
163. PON'ERE: po'no, pos'itum, to place
164. PORTA'RE: por'to, porta'tum, to carry
165. POS'SE, to be able; Po'tens, poten'tis, powerful, mighty
166. PREHEN'DERE: prohen'do, prehen'sum, to lay hold of, to seize
167. PREM'ERE: pre'mo, pres'sum, to press
168. PRI'MUS, first; Prin'ceps, prin'cipis, chief, original
169. PROBA'RE: pro'bo, proba'tum, to try, to prove
170. PUN'GERE: pun'go, punc'tum, to prick; Punc'tum, a point
171. PUTA'RE: pu'to, puta'tum, to think, to prune, to count or reckon
172. RAP'ERE: ra'pio, rap'tum, to seize suddenly, to snatch or hurry away
173. REG'ERE: re'go, rec'tum, to rule; Rec'tus, straight
174. RI'VUS, a river
175. ROGA'RE: ro'go, roga'tum, to ask
176. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break
177. SA'CER, sa'cri, holy
178. SA'LUS, salu'tis, health; Sal'vus, safe
179. SCAN'DERE: scan'do (in comp. scen'do), scan'dum (in comp. scen'sum), to climb
180. SCRIB'ERE: scri'bo, scrip'tum, to write
181. SECA'RE: se'co, sec'tum, to cut
182. SEDE'RE: se'deo (in comp. se'do), ses'sum, to sit
183. SENTI'RE: sen'tio, sen'sum, to feel, to think
184. SE'QUI: se'quor, secu'tus, to follow
185. SERVA'RE: ser'vo, serva'tum, to save, to keep, to bind
EXERCISE
186. SIG'NUM, a sign
187. SIM'ILIS, like
188. SIS'TERE: sisto, sta'tum, to cause to stand, to stand
189. SOL'VERE: sol'vo, solu'tum, to loosen
190. SPEC'ERE or SPIC'ERE: Spe'cio or spi'cio, spec'tum, to behold; Spe'cies, a kind
191. SPIRA'RE: spi'ro, spira'tum, to breathe; Spir'itus, breath, spirit
192. SPONDE'RE: spon'deo, spon'sum, to promise
193. STA'RE: sto, sta'tum (in comp. sti'tum, to stand; pres. part. stans, stan'tis, standing); SIS'TERE: sis'to, sta'tum, to cause to stand; STATU'ERE: stat'uo, statu'tum, to station, to fix, to place
194. STRIN'GERE: strin'go, stric'tum, to bind; to draw tight
195. STRU'ERE: stru'o, struc'tum, to build, to place in order
196. SU'MERE: su'mo, sump'tum, to take; Sump'tus, cost, expense
197. TAN'GERE: tan'go, tac'tum, to touch
198. TEN'DERE: ten'do, ten'sum or ten'tum, to stretch
199. TENE'RE: ten'eo, ten'tum, to hold; French Tenir (radical tain), to hold
200. TER'RA, the earth
201. TES'TIS, a witness
202. TOR'QUERE: tor'queo, tor'tum, to twist
203. TRA'HERE: tra'ho, trac'tum, to draw; Fr. Trair, past part. Trait
204. TRIBU'ERE: trib'uo, tribu'tum, to allot, to give
205. TRU'DERE: tru'do, tru'sum, to thrust
206. TU'ERE: tu'eor, tu'itus or tu'tus, to watch
207. UN'DA, a wave
208. U'TI: u'tor, u'sus, to use
209. VAD'ERE: va'do, va'sum, to go
210. VALE'RE: valeo, vali'tum, to be strong, to be of value; Val'idus, strong; Va'le, farewell
211. VENI'RE: ve'nio, ven'tum, to come, to go
212. VER'BUM, a word
213. VER'TERE: ver'to, ver'sum, to turn
214. VE'RUS, true; Ve'rax, vera'cis, veracious
215. VI'A, a way
216. VIDE'RE: vi'deo, vi'sum, to see
217. VIN'CERE: vin'co, vic'tum, to conquer
218. VOCA'RE: vo'co, voca'tum, to call; Vox, vo'cis, the voice
219. VOL'VERE: vol'vo, volu'tum, to roll
220. VUL'GUS, the common people
PART III.—THE GREEK ELEMENT
I.—GREEK PREFIXES
II.—GREEK ALPHABET
Pronunciation of Greek Words
GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES
DIVISION I.—PRINCIPAL GREEK ROOTS
1. A'ER (αηρ), the air
2. AG'EIN (αγειν), to lead
3. A'GON (αγων), a contest
4. ANG'ELLEIN (αγγελλειν), to bring tidings; ANG'ELLOS (αγγελλος), a messenger
5. AR'CHE (αρχη), beginning, government, chief
6. AS'TRON (αστρον), a star
7. AU'TOS (αυτος), one's self
8. BAL'LEIN (βαλλειν), to throw or cast
9. BAP'TEIN (βαπτειν), to wash, to dip
10. CHRON'OS (χρονος), time
11. GRAM'MA (γραμμα), a letter
12. GRAPH'EIN (γραφειν), to write
13. HOD'OS ('οδος), a way
14. HU'DOR ('υδορ), water
15. KRAT'OS (χρατος), rule, government, strength
16. LOG'OS (λογος), speech, ratio, description, science
17. MET'RON (μετρον) a measure
18. MON'OS (μονος), sole, alone
19. O'DE (ωδε), a song
EXERCISE
20. ON'OMA (ονομα), a name
21. PAN (παν, παντος), all; whole
22. PA'THOS (παθος), suffering, feeling
23. PHIL'OS (φιλος), a friend, a lover
24. PHA'NEIN (φαινειν), to cause to appear; PHANTA'SIA (φαντασια), an image, an idea
25. PHO'NE (φωνη), a sound
26. PHOS (φως, φωτος), light
27. PHU'SIS (φυσις), nature
28. POL'IS (πολις), a city
29. RHE'O ('ρεω), I flow, I speak
30. SKOP'EIN (σκοπειν), to see, to watch
31. TAK'TOS (τακτος), arranged; TAX'IS (ταξις), arrangement
32. TECH'NE (τεχνη), art
33. THE'OS (θεος), God
34. TITH'ENI (τιθεναι), to place, to set
35. TON'OS (τονος), tension, tone
REVIEW EXERCISE ON GREEK DERIVATIVES
DIVISION II.—ADDITIONAL GREEK ROOTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
PART IV.—THE ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT
I.—ANGLO-SAXON PREFIXES
II.—ANGLO-SAXON SUFFIXES
ANGLO-SAXON ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES
Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English
Specimens of Semi-Saxon and Early English
Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English
PART V.—MISCELLANEOUS DERIVATIVES
I.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PERSONS
1.—NOUNS
2.—ADJECTIVES
II.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PLACES
III.—ETYMOLOGY OF WORDS USED IN THE PRINCIPAL SCHOOL STUDIES
1.—TERMS IN GEOGRAPHY
2.—TERMS IN GRAMMAR
3.—TERMS IN ARITHMETIC
Notes
Отрывок из книги
William Swinton
Or, School Etymology of English Derivative Words
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Tell whether the following words are primitive or derivative, and also whether simple or compound:—
1 grace
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