New Word-Analysis

New Word-Analysis
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"New Word-Analysis" by William Swinton. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

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William Swinton. New Word-Analysis

New Word-Analysis

Table of Contents

PREFACE

PART I

PART II

PART III

PART IV

PART V

WORD-ANALYSIS

PART I.—INTRODUCTION

I.—ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY

II.—ETYMOLOGICAL CLASSES OF WORDS

III.—PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

EXERCISE

IV.—RULES OF SPELLING USED IN FORMING DERIVATIVE WORDS

Rule 1.—Final "e" followed by a Vowel

Rule II.—Final "e" followed by a Consonant

Rule III.—Final "y" preceded by a Consonant

Rule IV.—Final "y" preceded by a Vowel

Rule V.—Doubling

Rule VI.—No Doubling

PART II.—THE LATIN ELEMENT

I.—LATIN PREFIXES

II.—LATIN SUFFIXES

CLASSIFIED REVIEW OF LATIN SUFFIXES, WITH GENERIC DEFINITIONS

II

III

EXERCISE

I

1. Nouns

2. Verbs

3. Adjectives

1. Nouns

2. Verbs

3. Adjectives

II

III

III.—DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF LATIN DERIVATIVES

Pronunciation of Latin Words

LATIN ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES

DIVISION I.—METHOD OF STUDY

1. AG'ERE: a'go, ac'tum, to do, to drive

EXERCISE

2. ALIE'NUS, another, foreign

EXERCISE

3. AMA'RE, to love, AMI'CUS, a friend

EXERCISE

4. AN'IMUS, mind, passion; AN'IMA, life

EXERCISE

5. AN'NUS, a year

EXERCISE

6. ARS, ar'tis, art, skill

EXERCISE

7. AUDI'RE: au'dio, audi'tum, to hear

EXERCISE

8. CA'PUT, cap'itis, the head

EXERCISE

9. CI'VIS, a citizen

EXERCISE

10. COR, cor'dis, the heart

EXERCISE

11. COR'PUS, cor'poris, the body

EXERCISE

12. CRED'ERE: cre'do, cred'itum, to believe

EXERCISE

13. CUR'RERE: cur'ro, cur'sum, to run

EXERCISE

14. DIG'NUS, worthy

EXERCISE

15. DOCE'RE: do'ceo, doc'tum, to teach

EXERCISE

16. DOM'INUS, a master or lord

EXERCISE

17. FI'NIS, an end or limit

EXERCISE

18. FLU'ERE: flu'o, flux'um, to flow

EXERCISE

19. GREX, gre'gis, a flock or herd

EXERCISE

20. I'RE: e'o, i'tum, to go

EXERCISE

21. LA'PIS, lap'idis, a stone

EXERCISE

22. LEX, le'gis, a law or rule

EXERCISE

23. LIT'ERA, a letter

EXERCISE

24. MORS, mortis, death

EXERCISE

25. NOR'MA, a rule

EXERCISE

26. OR'DO, or'dinis, order

EXERCISE

27. PARS, par'tis, a part or share

EXERCISE

28. PES, pe'dis, a foot

EXERCISE

29. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break

EXERCISE

30. TEM'PUS, tem'poris, time

EXERCISE

DIVISION II.—ABBREVIATED LATIN DERIVATIVES

1. A'CER, a'cris, sharp; Acer'bus, bitter; Ac'idus, sour; Ace'tum, vinegar

2. AE'DES, a house

3. Æ'QUUS, equal: Æqua'lis, equal, just

4. Æ'VUM, an age; Æter'nitas, eternal

5. A'GER, a'gri, a field, land

6. AL'ERE: a'lo, al'itum or al'tum, to nourish; ALES'CERE: ales'co to grow up

7. AL'TER, another; Alter'nus, one after another

8. ANTI'QUUS, old, ancient

9. AP'TUS, fit, suitable

10. A'QUA, water

11. AR'BITER, ar'bitri, a judge or umpire

12. AR'BOR, ar'boris, a tree

13. AR'MA, arms, weapons

14. ARTIC'ULUS, a little joint

15. AS'PER, rough

16. AUGE'RE: au'geo, auc'tum, to increase

17. A'VIS, a bird; Au'gur, Aus'pex, aus'picis, a soothsayer

18. BAR'BARUS, savage, uncivilized

19. BIS, twice or two

20. BO'NIS, good; Be'ne, well

EXERCISE

21. CAD'ERE: ca'do, ca'sum, to fall

22. CÆD'ERE: cæ'do, cæ'sum, to cut, to kill

23. CAL'CULUS, a pebble

24. CANDE'RE: can'deo, can'ditum, to be white, to shine (literally, to burn, to glow); Can'didus, white

25. CAN'ERE: ca'no, can'tum, to sing; Fr. chanter, to sing

26. CAP'ERE: ca'pio, cap'tum, to take

27. CA'RO, carnis, flesh

28. CAU'SA, a cause

29. CAVE'RE: ca'veo, cautum, to beware

30. CA'VUS, hollow

31. CED'ERE: ce'do, ces'sum, to go, to yield

32. CENSE'RE: cen'seo, cen'sum, to weigh, to estimate, to tax

33. CEN'TRUM, the middle point

34. CEN'TUM, a hundred

35. CER'NERE: cer'no, cre'tum, to sift, to see, to judge; Discrimen, discrim'inis, distinction

36. CERTA'RE: cer'to, certa'tum, to contend, to vie

37. CIN'GERE: cin'go, cinc'tum, to gird

38. CIR'CUS, a circle; cir'culus, a little circle

39. CITA'RE: ci'to, cita'tum, to stir up, to rouse

40. CLAMA'RE: cla'mo, clama'tum, to cry out, to shout; Clam'or, a loud cry

EXERCISE

41. CLAU'DERE: clau'do, clau'sum, to shut, to close

42. CLINA'RE: cli'no, clina'tum, to bend; Cli'vus, a slope or hill

43. COL'ERE: co'lo, cul'tum, to till, to cultivate (Low Lat. Cultiva're, to cultivate)

44. CREA'RE: cre'o, crea'tum, to create

45. CRES'CERE: cres'co, cre'tum, to grow

46. CRUX, cru'cis, a cross

47. CUBA'RE: cu'bo (in compos, cumbo), cub'itum, to lie down

48. CU'RA, care

49. DA'RE: do, da'tum, to give

50. DEBE'RE: de'beo, deb'itum, to owe

51. DE'CEM, ten; Dec'imus, the tenth

52. DENS, den'tis, a tooth

53. DE'US, a God; Divi'nus, relating to God, divine

54. DIC'ERE: di'co, dio'tum, to say

55. DI'ES, a day; French jour, a day

56. DIVID'ERE: div'ido, divi'sum, to divide, to separate

57. DOLE'RE: do'leo, doli'tum, to grieve

58. DU'CERE: du'co, duc'tum, to lead, to bring forward

59. DU'O, two

60. DU'RUS, hard, lasting; DURA'RE: du'ro, dura'tum, to last

EXERCISE

62. ERRA'RE: er'ro, erra'tum, to wander

63. ES'SE, to be; en, en'tis, being

64. FA'CERE: fa'cio, fac'tum, to do or make; French Faire

65. FAL'LERE: fal'lo, fal'sum, to deceive; French Faillir, to fall short or do amiss

66. FA'NUM, a temple

67. FA'RI, fa'tus, to speak

68. FATE'RI: fa'teor, fas'sus (in comp. fes'sus), to acknowledge, to show

69. FELIX, feli'cis, happy

70. FEN'DERE: fen'do, fen'sum, to keep off, to strike.6

71. FER'RE: fe'ro, la'tum, to bear, to carry

72. FERVE'RE: fer'veo, to boil; Fermen'tum, leaven

73. FES'TUS, joyful, merry

74. FID'ERE: fi'do, to trust; Fi'des, faith; Fide'lis, trusty

75. FI'GERE: fi'go, fix'um, to join, fix, pierce

76. FIN'GERE: fin'go, fic'tum, to form, to feign; Figu'ra, a shape

77. FIR'MUS, strong, stable

78. FLAM'MA, a stream of fire

EXERCISE

79. FLEC'TERE: flec'to, flex'um, to bend

80. FLOS, flo'ris, a flower

81. FŒ'DUS, fœd'eris, a league or treaty

82. FO'LIUM, a leaf

83. FOR'MA, shape, form

84. FOR'TIS, strong

85. FRAN'GERE: fran'go, frac'tum, to break; Fra'gilis, easily broken

86. FRA'TER, fra'tris, a brother; Frater'nus, brotherly

87. FRONS, fron'tis, the forehead

88 FRU'OR: fruc'tus, to enjoy; Fru'ges, corn; French Fruit, fruit

89. FU'GERE: fu'gio, fu'gitum, to flee

90. FU'MUS, smoke

91. FUN'DERE: fun'do, fu'sum, to pour

92. GER'ERE: ge'ro, ges'tum, to bear or carry

93. GIG'NERE: gig'no, gen'itum, to beget; Gens, gen'tis, a clan or nation, Ge'nus, gen'eris, a kind

94. GRA'DI: gra'dior, gres'sus, to walk

95. GRA'TUS, thankful, pleasing

96. GRA'VIS, heavy

97. HABE'RE: ha'beo, hab'itum, to have or hold; HABITA'RE, hab'ito, habita'tum, to use frequently, to dwell

98. HÆRE'RE: hæ'reo, hæ'sum, to stick

99. HÆRES, hære'dis, an heir or heiress; French Hériter, to be heir to

100. HO'MO, hom'inis, a man; Huma'nus, human

EXERCISE

101. HU'MUS, the earth; Hu'milis, on the ground, lowly

102. JA'CERE: ja'cio, jac'tum, to throw or cast

103. JUN'GERE: jun'go, junc'tum, to join; Ju'gum, a yoke

104. JURA'RE: ju'ro, jura'tum, to swear

105. JUS, ju'ris, right law; Jus'tus, lawful; Ju'dex, ju'dicis, a judge

106. LE'GERE: le'go, lec'tum, to gather, to read

107. LEVA'RE: le'vo, leva'tum, to raise; Le'vis, easily raised, light; French Lever, to rise or raise

108. LI'BER, free

109. LO'CUS: a place

110. LO'QUI: lo'quor, locu'tus, to speak

111. LU'DERE: lu'do, lu'sum, to play or deceive

112. LUX, lu'cis, light; Lu'men, lu'minis, light

113. MAG'NUS, great; Ma'jor, greater; Magis'ter, master

114. MA'NUS, the hand; French Main, the hand

115. MA'RE, the sea

116. ME'DIUS, the middle

117. MENINIS'SE: mem'ini, to remember; Me'mor, mindful; MEMORA'RE mem'oro, memora'tum, to remember, to mention

118. MENS, men'tis, the mind

EXERCISE

119. MER'CES, hire; Merx, mer'cis, merchandise

120. MER'GERE: mer'go, mer'sum, to dip, to sink

121. MIGRA'RE: migro, migra'tum, to remove

122. MI'LES, mil'itis, a soldier

123. MINE'RE: min'eo, min'itum, to hang over

124. MINU'ERE: min'uo, minu'tum, to lessen; Mi'nor, less; Mi'nus, less

125. MINIS'TER, a servant or attendant

126. MIRA'RI: mi'ror, mira'tus, to wonder

127. MISCE'RE: mis'ceo, mix'tum, to mingle

128. MI'SER, wretched

129. MIT'TERE: mit'to, mis'sum, to send or cast

130. MODERA'RI: mod'eror, modera'tus, to keep within bounds; Mo'dus, a measure or manner

131. MONE'RE: mo'neo, mon'itum, to remind, to warn

132. MONS, mon'tis, a mountain

133. MONSTRA'RE: mon'stro, monstra'tum, to point out, to show

134. MORDE'RE: mor'deo, mor'sum, to bite

135. MOS, mo'ris, manner, custom; pl. Mo'res, manners or morals

136. MOVE'RE: mo'veo, mo'tum, to move

137. MUL'TUS, multi, many, much

138. MU'NUS, mu'neris, a gift, a service

139. MUTA'RE: mu'to, muta'tum, to change

140. NAS'CI: nas'cor, na'tus, to be born, to grow; Natu'ra, nature

141. NA'VIS, a ship

142. NEC'TERE: nec'to, nex'um, to tie or bind

EXERCISE

143. NEGA'RE: ne'go, nega'tum, to deny

144. NEU'TER, neu'trum, neither of the two

145. NOCE'RE: no'ceo, no'citum, to hurt

146. NO'MEN, nom'inis, a name

147. NOS'CERE: nos'co, no'tum, to know; No'ta, a mark

148. NO'VUS, new

149. NU'MERUS, a number

150. NUNCIA'RE: nuncio, nuncia'tum, to announce; Nun'cius, a messenger

151. NUTRI'RE: nu'trio, nutri'tum, to nourish

152. O'PUS, op'eris, a work or deed; OPERA'RI, opera'tus, to work

153. PAN'DERE: pan'do, pan'sum, and pas'sum, to spread; Pas'sus, a step

154. PAR, equal

155. PARA'RE. pa'ro, para'tum, to make ready, to prepare; SEPARA'RE: sep'aro, separa'tum, to separate

156. PAT'ER, pa'tris, a father; Pa'tria, one's native country

157. PA'TI: pa'tior, pas'sus, to bear, to suffer

158. PEL'LERE; pel'lo, pul'sum, to drive

159. PENDE'RE; pen'deo, pen'sum, to hang

160. PEN'DERE: pen'do, pen'sum, to weigh, to pay

161. PET'ERE: pe'to, peti'tum, to attack, to seek

EXERCISE

162. PLEC'TERE: plec'to, plex'um, to twist; PLICA'RE: pli'co, plica'tum, and plic'itum, to fold

163. PON'ERE: po'no, pos'itum, to place

164. PORTA'RE: por'to, porta'tum, to carry

165. POS'SE, to be able; Po'tens, poten'tis, powerful, mighty

166. PREHEN'DERE: prohen'do, prehen'sum, to lay hold of, to seize

167. PREM'ERE: pre'mo, pres'sum, to press

168. PRI'MUS, first; Prin'ceps, prin'cipis, chief, original

169. PROBA'RE: pro'bo, proba'tum, to try, to prove

170. PUN'GERE: pun'go, punc'tum, to prick; Punc'tum, a point

171. PUTA'RE: pu'to, puta'tum, to think, to prune, to count or reckon

172. RAP'ERE: ra'pio, rap'tum, to seize suddenly, to snatch or hurry away

173. REG'ERE: re'go, rec'tum, to rule; Rec'tus, straight

174. RI'VUS, a river

175. ROGA'RE: ro'go, roga'tum, to ask

176. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break

177. SA'CER, sa'cri, holy

178. SA'LUS, salu'tis, health; Sal'vus, safe

179. SCAN'DERE: scan'do (in comp. scen'do), scan'dum (in comp. scen'sum), to climb

180. SCRIB'ERE: scri'bo, scrip'tum, to write

181. SECA'RE: se'co, sec'tum, to cut

182. SEDE'RE: se'deo (in comp. se'do), ses'sum, to sit

183. SENTI'RE: sen'tio, sen'sum, to feel, to think

184. SE'QUI: se'quor, secu'tus, to follow

185. SERVA'RE: ser'vo, serva'tum, to save, to keep, to bind

EXERCISE

186. SIG'NUM, a sign

187. SIM'ILIS, like

188. SIS'TERE: sisto, sta'tum, to cause to stand, to stand

189. SOL'VERE: sol'vo, solu'tum, to loosen

190. SPEC'ERE or SPIC'ERE: Spe'cio or spi'cio, spec'tum, to behold; Spe'cies, a kind

191. SPIRA'RE: spi'ro, spira'tum, to breathe; Spir'itus, breath, spirit

192. SPONDE'RE: spon'deo, spon'sum, to promise

193. STA'RE: sto, sta'tum (in comp. sti'tum, to stand; pres. part. stans, stan'tis, standing); SIS'TERE: sis'to, sta'tum, to cause to stand; STATU'ERE: stat'uo, statu'tum, to station, to fix, to place

194. STRIN'GERE: strin'go, stric'tum, to bind; to draw tight

195. STRU'ERE: stru'o, struc'tum, to build, to place in order

196. SU'MERE: su'mo, sump'tum, to take; Sump'tus, cost, expense

197. TAN'GERE: tan'go, tac'tum, to touch

198. TEN'DERE: ten'do, ten'sum or ten'tum, to stretch

199. TENE'RE: ten'eo, ten'tum, to hold; French Tenir (radical tain), to hold

200. TER'RA, the earth

201. TES'TIS, a witness

202. TOR'QUERE: tor'queo, tor'tum, to twist

203. TRA'HERE: tra'ho, trac'tum, to draw; Fr. Trair, past part. Trait

204. TRIBU'ERE: trib'uo, tribu'tum, to allot, to give

205. TRU'DERE: tru'do, tru'sum, to thrust

206. TU'ERE: tu'eor, tu'itus or tu'tus, to watch

207. UN'DA, a wave

208. U'TI: u'tor, u'sus, to use

209. VAD'ERE: va'do, va'sum, to go

210. VALE'RE: valeo, vali'tum, to be strong, to be of value; Val'idus, strong; Va'le, farewell

211. VENI'RE: ve'nio, ven'tum, to come, to go

212. VER'BUM, a word

213. VER'TERE: ver'to, ver'sum, to turn

214. VE'RUS, true; Ve'rax, vera'cis, veracious

215. VI'A, a way

216. VIDE'RE: vi'deo, vi'sum, to see

217. VIN'CERE: vin'co, vic'tum, to conquer

218. VOCA'RE: vo'co, voca'tum, to call; Vox, vo'cis, the voice

219. VOL'VERE: vol'vo, volu'tum, to roll

220. VUL'GUS, the common people

PART III.—THE GREEK ELEMENT

I.—GREEK PREFIXES

II.—GREEK ALPHABET

Pronunciation of Greek Words

GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES

DIVISION I.—PRINCIPAL GREEK ROOTS

1. A'ER (αηρ), the air

2. AG'EIN (αγειν), to lead

3. A'GON (αγων), a contest

4. ANG'ELLEIN (αγγελλειν), to bring tidings; ANG'ELLOS (αγγελλος), a messenger

5. AR'CHE (αρχη), beginning, government, chief

6. AS'TRON (αστρον), a star

7. AU'TOS (αυτος), one's self

8. BAL'LEIN (βαλλειν), to throw or cast

9. BAP'TEIN (βαπτειν), to wash, to dip

10. CHRON'OS (χρονος), time

11. GRAM'MA (γραμμα), a letter

12. GRAPH'EIN (γραφειν), to write

13. HOD'OS ('οδος), a way

14. HU'DOR ('υδορ), water

15. KRAT'OS (χρατος), rule, government, strength

16. LOG'OS (λογος), speech, ratio, description, science

17. MET'RON (μετρον) a measure

18. MON'OS (μονος), sole, alone

19. O'DE (ωδε), a song

EXERCISE

20. ON'OMA (ονομα), a name

21. PAN (παν, παντος), all; whole

22. PA'THOS (παθος), suffering, feeling

23. PHIL'OS (φιλος), a friend, a lover

24. PHA'NEIN (φαινειν), to cause to appear; PHANTA'SIA (φαντασια), an image, an idea

25. PHO'NE (φωνη), a sound

26. PHOS (φως, φωτος), light

27. PHU'SIS (φυσις), nature

28. POL'IS (πολις), a city

29. RHE'O ('ρεω), I flow, I speak

30. SKOP'EIN (σκοπειν), to see, to watch

31. TAK'TOS (τακτος), arranged; TAX'IS (ταξις), arrangement

32. TECH'NE (τεχνη), art

33. THE'OS (θεος), God

34. TITH'ENI (τιθεναι), to place, to set

35. TON'OS (τονος), tension, tone

REVIEW EXERCISE ON GREEK DERIVATIVES

DIVISION II.—ADDITIONAL GREEK ROOTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

PART IV.—THE ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT

I.—ANGLO-SAXON PREFIXES

II.—ANGLO-SAXON SUFFIXES

ANGLO-SAXON ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES

Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English

Specimens of Semi-Saxon and Early English

Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English

PART V.—MISCELLANEOUS DERIVATIVES

I.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PERSONS

1.—NOUNS

2.—ADJECTIVES

II.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PLACES

III.—ETYMOLOGY OF WORDS USED IN THE PRINCIPAL SCHOOL STUDIES

1.—TERMS IN GEOGRAPHY

2.—TERMS IN GRAMMAR

3.—TERMS IN ARITHMETIC

Notes

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William Swinton

Or, School Etymology of English Derivative Words

.....

Tell whether the following words are primitive or derivative, and also whether simple or compound:—

1 grace

.....

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