Оглавление
William E. Bell. Carpentry Made Easy - The Science and Art of Framing - With Specific Instructions for Building Balloon Frames, Barn Frames, Mill Frames, Warehouses, Church Spires
CARPENTRY MADE EASY;
PREFACE
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. SUMMARY VIEW
The Science and the Art of Framing
Something New
Deficiencies of Former Works on Carpentry
The Author’s Experience
Few Good Carpenters
Why Apprentices do not Learn
Design of this Work
Importance of Geometry to Carpenters
Geometry in this Work
New Rules of Carpentry
They are Proved and Explained
Bridge Building
Valuable Tables
Plates and Illustrations
PART I
GEOMETRY
PLATES I. AND II. Definitions
Explanation of Mathematical Symbols
Definitions of Mathematical Terms
Axioms
Proposition I. Theorem
Proposition II. Theorem
Proposition III. Theorem
Proposition IV. Theorem
Proposition V. Theorem
Proposition VI. Theorem
Proposition VII. Theorem
Proposition VIII. Theorem
Proposition IX. Theorem
Proposition X. Theorem
Proposition XI. Theorem
Proposition XII. Theorem
Proposition XIII. Theorem
Proposition XIV. Theorem
Proposition XV. Theorem
Proposition XVI. Theorem
Proposition XVII. Theorem
Proposition XVIII. Theorem
Proposition XIX. Theorem
Proposition XX. Theorem
Proposition XXI. Theorem
Proposition XXII. Theorem
Proposition XXIII. Theorem
Proposition XXIV. Theorem
Proposition XXV. Theorem
Proposition XXVI. Theorem
Proposition XXVII. Theorem
Proposition XXVIII. Theorem
Proposition XXIX. Theorem
Proposition XXX. Problem
Proposition XXXI. Problem
PART II
CARPENTRY
PLATE 3. THE USE OE THE SQUARE IN OBTAINING BEVELS
The Square Described
Pitch of the Roof
Bevels of Rafters
Bevels of Upper Joists and Gable End Studding
Bevels of Braces
PLATE 4. Balloon Frames
The Sills
The Studs
The Plates
Raising and Plumbing the Frame
The Floor Joists
Upper Joists
The Rafters
Gable-End Studs
PLATE 5
Framing the Sills
Work Sides
To take Timber out of Wind
Spacing for Windows and Doors
Mortices for the Studs
The Gains
The Draw Bores
A Draw Pin
To Support the Upper Joists
PLATE 6
Crowning of Joists
Bridging of Joists
Lining or Sheeting Balloon Frames
PLATE 7. BARN FRAMES
Size of Mortices
Braces
Pitch of the Roof
Purlins
Length of the Purlin Posts
Purlin Post Brace
Purlin Post Brace Mortices
PLATE 8. UPPER END BEVEL OF PURLIN POST BRACES
PLATES 9 & 10
Cripple Studs
PLATE 11
PLATE 12. SCARFING
Straps and Bolts
PLATE 13
PLATE 14. FLOORS IN A BRICK BUILDING
Trimmer Joists
PLATE 15. CIRCULAR CENTRES
PLATE 16. ELLIPTICAL CENTRES
PLATE 17. ARCHES
PLATE 18. HIP ROOFS
Hip Rafters
Side Bevel of the Hip Rafters
Down Bevel of the Hip Rafters
Backing of the Hip Rafters
Lengths and Bevels of the Jack Rafters
PLATE 19. HIPS AND VALLEYS
TRAPEZOIDAL HIP ROOFS
Lengths of the Irregular Hip Rafters
Bevels of the Irregular Hip Rafters
Backing of Hip Rafters on Trapezoidal and other Irregular Roofs
Length of the Jack Rafters
Side Bevels of the Jack Rafters on the Sides of the Frame
Side Bevels of the Jack Rafters on the Slant End of the Frame
Down Bevel of the Jack Rafters on the Beveled End of the Frame
PLATE 20. OCTAGONAL AND HEXAGONAL ROOFS
Length of the Hip Rafters
Bevels of the Hip Rafters
Length of the Jack Rafters
Width of the Building
The Length of the Rafter
Plate 21. ROOFS OF BRICK AND STONE BUILDINGS
Length and Bevels of the Braces
The Span of this Roof
Dimensions of Timbers for Figs. 1 & 2
PLATE 22
Length of the Straining Beam
PLATE 23
PLATE 24
PLATE 25
PLATE 26
PLATE 27
PLATE 28
PLATE 29
The King Post
PART III
BRIDGE BUILDING
PLATE 30. STRAINING BEAM BRIDGES
Bevels
Bill of Timber
Bill of Iron
Estimate of Cost
PLATE 31
Bill of Timber
PLATE 32
Bill of Timber
Bill of Iron
PLATE 33. TRESTLE BRIDGES
Bill of Timber for One Span
Bill of Timber for the Two End Trestles
Bill of Timber for Middle Trestle
PLATES 34 # 35
Bill of Timber
Bill of Iron
PLATE 36. ARCHED TRUSS BRIDGES
Bill of Timber for One Span
Bill of Iron
PLATE 37
Bill of Timber for One Span
Bill of Iron for One Span
Estimate of Cost
PLATE 38
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BRIDGE BUILDING
Size of Timber and Iron required to enable a Bridge of a given Span to sustain a given Load
The Strain upon the Chords
EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES
Definitions of Terms and Phrases used in this Explanation and in other Places in this Work
TABLE I
TABLE II. Length of Hip Rafters
TABLE III. Hip and Jack Rafters on Octagonal Roofs
II. Width of Octagon given to find the Diagonal and the Side
TABLE IV
TABLE VIII
