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Worrallo Whitney. A Guide for the Study of Animals
A Guide for the Study of Animals
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY STUDIES OF LIVING ANIMALS
THE LIVING FLY. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawing
THE LIVING MAGGOT. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawing
THE LIVING COCKROACH. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawing
THE LIVING SPIDER. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawings
THE LIVING CRICKET. Materials
Observations
THE LIVING GRASSHOPPER OR LOCUST. Materials
Observations
Questions
THE LIVING BUTTERFLY OR MOTH. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
THE LIVING CATERPILLAR. Materials
Observations
Questions
THE TUSSOCK MOTH. Materials
Observations and Questions
Suggested drawings
THE LIVING BEETLE. Materials
Observations
THE DAMSEL FLY LARVA. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawings
PLANT LICE AND SCALE BUGS. Plant Lice (Aphids) Materials
Observations
Scale Bugs. Materials
Observations
Drawings suggested
WATER BUGS AND BEETLES. Water Bugs. Materials
Observations
Summary
Water Beetles
Suggested drawings
GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH THE LIBRARY. Directions
CHAPTER II. STUDIES OF INSECTS
1. FIELD STUDIES. Materials
Directions
Where to look for Various Insects
Form for Field Trip Report
Special Field Studies
2. A STUDY OF GRASSHOPPERS (LOCUSTS)
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Summary of Important Points in the Study of the Grasshopper
Drawings suggested
3. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ORTHOPTERA. Materials
Observations
4. KEY TO SOME COMMON ORTHOPTERA. A. Groups
B. Species or Genera
5. THE DRAGON FLY
Materials
Observations
Summary
Suggested drawing
6. THE HONEYBEE
Materials
Observations
Supplementary Studies of Bees. Materials
Observations
Summary of the Study of Honeybees
7. GENERAL STUDY OF INSECTS[1] Materials
Observations
Drawings
8. A REVIEW OF INSECTS. Directions
Topics
Summary of Important Points from the Table
9. KEY TO THE PRINCIPAL ORDERS OF INSECTS
10. SUMMARY OF THE STUDIES OF INSECTS. The Effect of Great Numbers
Classification
11. REVIEW AND LIBRARY EXERCISE ON INSECTS. General Topics
Special Topics
SOME COMMON BUTTERFLIES—A Reference Table and Key
CHAPTER III. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
1. A STUDY OF THE CELL AND OF PROTOZOA
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
Summary of Important Points in the Study of Paramecia
Comparative Study of Protozoa
Review and Library Questions on Protozoa
2. A STUDY OF SPONGES
Materials
Definitions
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
Summary of Important Points in the Study of Sponges
Review and Library Exercise on Sponges
3. A STUDY OF CŒLENTERATES
A Study of Hydra. Materials
Definitions
Directions
Observations on the living animals
Details of structure
Summary of Important Points in the Study of Hydra
Suggested drawings
Comparative Study of Cœlenterates. Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
Summary of the Comparative Study of Cœlenterates
Review and Library Exercise on Cœlenterates
4. A STUDY OF WORMS
The Living Earthworm. Materials
Definitions
Observations
External Morphology of Earthworms. Materials
Observations
Suggested drawings
Internal Morphology or Anatomy. Materials
Definitions
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
Details of Structure—Microscopic Anatomy. Materials
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
Summary of Important Points in Study of the Earthworm
Comparative Study of Worms. Materials
Directions
Questions
Summary of the Comparative Study of Worms
Suggested drawings
Review and Library Work on Worms
5. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER IV. ADAPTATION TO SURROUNDINGS
A Study of Crustacea
1. A STUDY OF CRAYFISHES. Materials
Living Crayfishes. Directions and observations
Morphology of a Crayfish. Definitions
Observations
Summary of the Study of Crayfishes
Suggested drawings
2. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CRUSTACEA. Materials
Questions
Summary
3. REVIEW AND LIBRARY WORK ON CRUSTACEA
CHAPTER V. ADAPTATIONS FOR PROTECTION FROM ENEMIES
A. The Exoskeleton
1. THE CLAM—A TYPE OF MOLLUSCA
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Summary
Suggested drawings
2. THE SNAIL—A TYPE OF MOLLUSCA
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
Summary
3. THE SQUID—A TYPE OF MOLLUSCA
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
Summary
4. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MOLLUSCA. Materials
Observations
Summary
5. MOLLUSCA: REVIEW AND LIBRARY EXERCISE. Characteristics
Morphology
Physiology
Economics
Natural history
6. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXOSKELETONS. Materials
Definitions
Questions
Summary
B. Protective Coloration
Materials
Definitions
Questions
Summary
C. Animal Associations
Materials
Definitions
Observations and questions
Summary
D. Protective Habits and Powers
Materials
Definitions
Observations and questions
Summary
E. Defensive Structures
Materials
Observations and questions
Summary
F. Thesis
Directions
CHAPTER VI. VERTEBRATES
A. Studies of Fishes
THE LIVING FISH
Materials
Definitions
Observations
Summary of the study of the living fish
The External Structure of the Fish. Materials
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
The Mouth and the Gills of the Fish. Materials
Directions
Questions
Summary
Suggested drawings
The Alimentary Canal and the Circulatory System of the Fish. Materials
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
Fishes: A General Review and Library Exercise
Primitive Chordates. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
B. Studies of Amphibia
The Living Frog or Toad
Materials
Observations
Summary
The Frog's Mouth. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
The Organs of Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion. Materials
Directions and Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
The Organs of Circulation and Respiration of the Frog. Materials
Observations
Questions
Advanced questions
Suggested drawings
The Nervous System of the Frog. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
The Endoskeleton of the Frog. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
Comparative Study of Amphibia. Materials
Observations
Summary from the Comparative Study of Amphibia
Amphibia: A General Review and Library Exercise
C. Studies of Living Reptiles
The Snake
The Florida Lizard
The Turtle
Reptiles: A General Review and Library Exercise
D. Studies of Birds
The Living Pigeon. Materials
Summary
Suggested drawings
Supplementary Studies of the Pigeon
The Exoskeleton of the Bird: Plumage. Materials
Observations
Questions
Suggested drawings
Work in the Laboratory. Materials
Directions
Questions
Comparative Study of Birds
Work in the Field. Materials
Directions
Summary of the Results of Field Study of Birds
Birds; Review and Library Exercise
Study of the Migration of Animals in General
The distribution of animals
Migration maps
E. Studies of Mammals
The Rabbit
Materials
Observations
Supplementary Study of Wild Rabbits
Summary of the Study of Rabbits
The Guinea Pig or White Rat. Materials
Observations
Summary
The Squirrel. Materials
Directions
Observations based upon field work
Observations in the laboratory
Summary
Library Exercise on Rodents
Definitions
Observations
Supplementary studies
Summary
Carnivora; Review and Library Exercise. Characteristics
Morphology and physiology
Economics
Natural History
The Ungulates. Materials
Directions
Definitions
Observations in the laboratory
Suggested drawings
Observations in the field or at home
Observations based upon museum trip or natural history
Summary
Ungulates: Review and Library Exercise. Characteristics
Morphology and physiology
Economics
Natural History
The Horse
Observations
Questions
Topics for investigation
Homology of the Vertebrate Skeleton. Materials
Observations
Questions
CHAPTER VII. ADAPTATIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPECIES
A. Methods of Reproduction
1. The Simple or Asexual Method of Reproduction. Materials
Definitions
Directions
Questions
2. The Complex or Sexual Method of Reproduction. Materials
Directions
Questions
Suggested drawings
B. Development
1. The Hen's Egg. Materials
Definitions
Directions
Suggested drawings
2. Early Embryonic Development of an Egg. Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
3. Postembryonic Development or Metamorphosis of a Mosquito. Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
4. Postembryonic Development or Metamorphosis of a Butterfly or Moth. Materials
Definitions
Observations
Suggested drawings
5. Development of the Chick. Materials
Directions
Questions
Summary
C. Protection and Care of Young
Library Exercise. Materials
Observations
Summary
D. Adaptations for the Preservation of the Species
Review Questions and Library Exercise
CHAPTER VIII. POULTRY
Materials
General Information
Definitions
Questions and observations
Topics for investigation
GLOSSARY
FOOTNOTES
Transcriber's corrections
