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The N‐port network, having normalized reference port impedance, Z_0n = 1, is considered. The port voltage and port current in terms of the incident and reflected voltage can be written as

(3.2.6)

The above equations are written in the column matrix form:

(3.2.7)

The port voltage is related to the port current through the [Z]‐matrix:

(3.2.8)

where [I] is a unit or identity matrix. Keeping in view the definition of the [S] matrix, the following relations, between the [S] matrix and [Z] matrix, are obtained:

(3.2.9)

Similarly, the following expressions, relating [S] and [Y]‐parameters are obtained:

(3.2.10)