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Mechanical elements calculating and monitoring environmental values of their system are sensors and actuators. Sensors collect and make information ready for the system from the environment. IR sensors can, for example, be used in a room for detecting human presence. While the actuator is an instrument for converting an electronic power signal for physical activity, determines and then executes ecological acts that enable automated interaction, remotely and with the environment. For examples, one or more control lights may be turned on and off by an actuator.

Figure 1.22 Smart building components.

1 Environmental Sensors: Data obtained from environmental sensors may be used to shape valuable details for tracking human behavior inside an SB.

2 Wearable Sensors and Biosensors: Such sensors are linked to the consumer body directly or indirectly. The compact scale allows it easy to mount such sensors to clothing, wristwatches, shoes, ties, slippers, etc.

3 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC): In SB infrastructure, the HVAC program plays a significant function. The HVAC device plays a significant function in the efficient usage of electricity in SBs and provides innovative operational solutions in order to increase the health of inhabitants.