Читать книгу Interpretation Basics of Cone Beam Computed Tomography - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. (a) 3D rendering of a small FOV of 5 cm × 8 cm from an anteropos...Figure 1.2. Axial (A), coronal (C), sagittal (S), and reconstructed 3D views...Figure 1.3. (a) 3D rendering of a medium FOV of 8 cm × 8 cm from an anteropo...Figure 1.4. Axial (A), coronal (C), sagittal (S), and reconstructed 3D views...Figure 1.5. (a) 3D rendering of a large FOV of 16 cm × 16 cm from an anterop...Figure 1.6. Axial (A), coronal (C), sagittal (S), and reconstructed 3D views...Figure 1.7. Axial (A), coronal (C), sagittal (S), and reconstructed 3D views...Figure 1.8. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan.Figure 1.9. Reconstructed lateral cephalometric skull.Figure 1.10. Cross‐sectional slices with axial view and reconstructed pantom...Figure 1.11. Temporomandibular joint view with rotated sagittal cross‐sectio...Figure 1.12. (a) 3D rendered view with teeth setting. (b) 3D rendered view w...Figure 1.13. Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) view.Figure 1.14. (a) Axial view showing streak artifact (black arrow) and beam h...Figure 1.15. Axial view with metallic streak artifact (black arrow), beam ha...Figure 1.16. (a) Sagittal view showing motion artifact of the cervical verte...Figure 1.17. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views with motion arti...Figure 1.18. (a) Coronal view showing white ring artifacts (black arrow). (b...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. (a) Sagittal view showing a distal dilaceration of the mesio‐buc...Figure 2.2. Coronal view showing a maxillary premolar with an unfilled palat...Figure 2.3. (a) Coronal view showing localized vertical bone loss (white arr...Figure 2.4. (a) Pantomograph showing impacted maxillary right canine. (b) Pe...Figure 2.5. (a) Cross‐sectional slices showing a horizontal root fracture (w...Figure 2.6. Axial views showing artifact streaking from an endodontically tr...Figure 2.7. Sagittal views showing the extent of invasive cervical resorptio...Figure 2.8. Axial (A), coronal (C) and sagittal (S) views showing the extent...Figure 2.9. (a) Rotated sagittal views showing a bone defect (white arrow) o...Figure 2.10. (a) Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a th...Figure 2.11. Reconstructed pantomograph and cross‐sectional slices showing l...Figure 2.12. Cross‐sectional slices of an impacted maxillary canine with ext...Figure 2.13. (a) Axial view showing a bilateral cleft palate (white arrows)....Figure 2.14. (a) Cross‐sectional slices showing a supernumerary tooth positi...Figure 2.15. (a) Periapical radiographs showing a well‐defined, corticated r...Figure 2.16. (a) Bitewing radiographs showing bone loss (white arrow) in the...Figure 2.17. Reconstructed pantomograph and cross‐sectional slices showing l...Figure 2.18. Reconstructed pantomograph and cross‐sectional slices showing f...

3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Coronal view showing the left frontal sinus (FS) and left maxill...Figure 4.2. Coronal view showing the frontal sinuses (FS), maxillary sinuses...Figure 4.3. Coronal view showing the ethmoid air cells (EAC), ostiomeatal un...Figure 4.4. Coronal view showing the ethmoid air cells (EAC) and maxillary s...Figure 4.5. Coronal view showing the sphenoid sinuses (SS) with bilateral pt...Figure 4.6. Coronal view showing the posterior aspect of the sphenoid sinuse...Figure 4.7. Coronal view showing the mastoid air cells (MAC). Yellow line sh...Figure 4.8. Axial view showing the ethmoid air cells (EAC) and sphenoid sinu...Figure 4.9. Axial view showing the maxillary sinuses (MS), sphenoid sinuses ...Figure 4.10. Axial view showing the nasolacrimal ducts (NLD), infraorbital c...Figure 4.11. Axial view showing the maxillary sinuses (MS) and mastoid air c...Figure 4.12. Sagittal view showing the mastoid air cells (MAC). Yellow line ...Figure 4.13. Sagittal view showing mastoid air cells (MAC), maxillary sinus ...Figure 4.14. Sagittal view showing the maxillary sinus (MS) and a pterygoid ...Figure 4.15. Sagittal view showing the sphenoid sinuses (SS), ethmoid air ce...Figure 4.16. Sagittal view on the midline showing the sphenoid sinuses (SS) ...Figure 4.17. (a) Coronal view showing a patent ostiomeatal unit (OMU). (b) C...Figure 4.18. Coronal view showing the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) draining into ...Figure 4.19. (a) Coronal view showing bilateral Haller cells (white arrows) ...Figure 4.20. (a) Coronal view showing Onodi cell (ONC) superior to the left ...Figure 4.21. Coronal view showing a left ethmoid bulla (EB).Figure 4.22. (a) Coronal view showing minimal thickening of the mucosal lini...Figure 4.23. (a) Sagittal view showing minimal thickening of the mucosal lin...Figure 4.24. (a) Coronal view showing partial radiopacification of the right...Figure 4.25. Coronal view showing radiopacification of the left maxillary si...Figure 4.26. Coronal view showing thickened bone border (white arrow) of the...Figure 4.27. (a) Coronal view showing an air‐fluid level (white arrow) of th...Figure 4.28. (a) Coronal view showing a radiopaque dome‐shaped entity on the...Figure 4.29. Sagittal view showing multiple retention pseudocysts versus sin...Figure 4.30. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a large ...Figure 4.31. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing multiple...Figure 4.32. (a) Coronal view showing a calcified entity (white arrow) in th...Figure 4.33. (a) Axial view showing a calcified entity (white arrow) in the ...Figure 4.34. (a) Sagittal view showing a mucocele (white arrows) of the ethm...Figure 4.35. Coronal view showing bilateral uncinectomy (white arrows) creat...

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Coronal view showing the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), nasal septum (...Figure 5.2. Coronal view showing the frontal recess (FR), nasal septum (NS),...Figure 5.3. Coronal view showing the uncinate process (UP), middle meatus (M...Figure 5.4. Coronal view showing the middle concha (MC), middle meatus (MM),...Figure 5.5. Axial view showing the inferior meatus (IM), inferior concha (IC...Figure 5.6. Axial view showing the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), middle concha (M...Figure 5.7. Axial view showing the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), nasal septum (NS...Figure 5.8. Sagittal view showing the frontal recess (FR), ethmoid air cells...Figure 5.9. Coronal view showing nasal septum deviation to the right (white ...Figure 5.10. (a) Coronal view showing left‐sided bony spur formation at the ...Figure 5.11. (a) Coronal view showing paradoxical curvature of the left midd...Figure 5.12. (a) Coronal view showing an aerated concha consistent with conc...Figure 5.13. (a) Axial view showing an aerated concha consistent with concha...Figure 5.14. Sagittal view showing an aerated concha consistent with concha ...Figure 5.15. Coronal view showing bilateral lamellar concha (white dashed ar...Figure 5.16. (a) Coronal view showing an aerated right uncinate process cons...Figure 5.17. (a) Sagittal view showing an aerated uncinate process consisten...Figure 5.18. (a) Coronal view showing right agger nasi cell (AN) directly me...Figure 5.19. (a) Coronal view showing type 1 frontal cell (FC) directly supe...Figure 5.20. (a) Coronal view showing type 2 frontal cells (FC) superior to ...Figure 5.21. Coronal view showing supraorbital ethmoid cell extending partia...Figure 5.22. (a) Coronal view showing Draf type III surgery (white arrows). ...Figure 5.23. Sagittal view on midline showing mild adenoidal hyperplasia (wh...Figure 5.24. Sagittal view on midline showing moderate adenoidal hyperplasia...Figure 5.25. (a) Sagittal view on midline showing marked adenoidal hyperplas...

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Axial view showing the frontal sinus (FS), crista galli (CG), an...Figure 6.2. Axial view showing the ethmoid air cells (EAC), anterior clinoid...Figure 6.3. Axial view showing the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), glenoid foss...Figure 6.4. Axial view showing the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), medial ptery...Figure 6.5. Axial view showing lateral pterygoid plate (LPP), medial pterygo...Figure 6.6. Coronal view showing the frontal sinus (FS) and orbital cavities...Figure 6.7. Coronal view showing the cribriform plate (CFP), crista galli (C...Figure 6.8. Coronal view showing the foramen rotundum (FR), sphenoid sinus (...Figure 6.9. Coronal view showing the posterior clinoid process (PCP), forame...Figure 6.10. Coronal view showing the mastoid air cells (MAC), clivus/basioc...Figure 6.11. Coronal view showing the mastoid process with mastoid air cells...Figure 6.12. Sagittal view showing the mastoid process with mastoid air cell...Figure 6.13. Sagittal view showing the mastoid air cells (MAC), petrous ridg...Figure 6.14. Sagittal view showing the occipital condyle (OC), anterior clin...Figure 6.15. Sagittal view showing the frontal sinus (FS), cribriform plate ...Figure 6.16. Sagittal view on the midline showing the spheno‐occipital synch...Figure 6.17. (a) Sagittal view on the midline showing the spheno‐occipital s...Figure 6.18. (a) Coronal view at the mandibular condyles showing the spheno‐...Figure 6.19. (a) Axial view showing a thinner cranium (white arrows) within ...Figure 6.20. (a) Axial view showing cranial thickness within the range of no...Figure 6.21. Axial view showing a radiolucent indentation on the internal su...Figure 6.22. Coronal view showing radiolucent indentations on the internal s...Figure 6.23. Axial view showing medial displacement of the right lamina papy...Figure 6.24. (a) Coronal view showing medial displacement of the right lamin...Figure 6.25. Axial view showing medial displacement of the left lamina papyr...

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. (a) Axial view showing bilateral ovoid radiopaque lines (white a...Figure 7.2. (a) Sagittal view showing parallel curved radiopaque lines (whit...Figure 7.3. (a) Coronal view showing bilateral circular radiopaque entities ...Figure 7.4. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing bilateral...Figure 7.5. Coronal view showing parallel linear radiopaque entities (white ...Figure 7.6. Sagittal view showing curved linear radiopaque entity (white arr...Figure 7.7. (a) Axial view showing bilateral curved radiopaque entities (whi...Figure 7.8. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing bilateral...Figure 7.9. Coronal view showing multiple, bilateral radiopaque masses in a ...Figure 7.10. Sagittal view showing multiple radiopaque masses in a tube shap...Figure 7.11. (a) Axial view showing curved linear radiopaque entity (white a...Figure 7.12. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing left cur...Figure 7.13. (a) Axial view showing multiple well‐defined radiopaque entitie...Figure 7.14. Axial view showing a larger single radiopaque mass (white arrow...Figure 7.15. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing multiple...Figure 7.16. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a well‐d...Figure 7.17. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a well‐d...Figure 7.18. (a) Axial view showing multiple radiopaque entities (white arro...Figure 7.19. (a) Sagittal view in the midline showing multiple radiopaque en...Figure 7.20. (a) Coronal view showing multiple radiopaque entities (white ar...Figure 7.21. Axial view showing bilateral diffuse radiopaque areas (black ar...Figure 7.22. (a) Coronal view showing bilateral diffuse radiopaque areas (bl...Figure 7.23. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing bilatera...Figure 7.24. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing multiple...Figure 7.25. Axial view showing multiple radiopaque masses adjacent to the c...Figure 7.26. (a) Coronal view showing a single radiopaque mass adjacent to t...Figure 7.27. Sagittal view showing a radiopaque line (white arrow) from the ...Figure 7.28. (a) Axial view showing bilateral interclinoid ligament calcific...Figure 7.29. (a) Sagittal view showing a radiopaque line (white arrow) exten...Figure 7.30. Axial view showing bilateral petroclinoid ligament calcificatio...Figure 7.31. Axial view showing bilateral curved linear radiopaque entities ...Figure 7.32. (a) Coronal view showing a linear radiopaque entity at the medi...Figure 7.33. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a puncta...Figure 7.34. (a) Axial view showing a curved radiopaque entity in the right ...Figure 7.35. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing bilatera...Figure 7.36. (a) Axial view showing multiple punctate radiopaque entities (w...Figure 7.37. (a) Axial view showing multiple radiopaque entities (white arro...

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Axial view showing the anterior arch of C1 (AA‐C1) and the odont...Figure 8.2. Axial view showing the odontoid process of C2 (OP‐C2) and poster...Figure 8.3. Axial view showing the entire arch of C2. Yellow line showing ax...Figure 8.4. Axial view showing the entire arch of C3. Yellow line showing ax...Figure 8.5. Coronal view showing the anterior arch of C1 (AA‐C1) and portion...Figure 8.6. Coronal view showing C1, odontoid process of C2 (OP‐C2), bodies ...Figure 8.7. Coronal view showing transverse processes of C1, C2, C3, and C4....Figure 8.8. Coronal view showing the posterior arch of C1 and spinous proces...Figure 8.9. Sagittal view showing the occipital condyle (OC) and transverse ...Figure 8.10. Sagittal view on the midline showing the anterior arch of C1 (A...Figure 8.11. (a) Coronal view showing three anterior arch clefts (white arro...Figure 8.12. (a) Axial view showing a single anterior arch cleft (white arro...Figure 8.13. (a) Axial view showing a single posterior arch cleft (white arr...Figure 8.14. Rotated axial view showing an anterior arch cleft and posterior...Figure 8.15. (a) Coronal view showing os terminale (white arrow) at the supe...Figure 8.16. (a) Sagittal view showing os terminale (white arrow) at the sup...Figure 8.17. (a) Sagittal view showing complete subdental synchondrosis (bla...Figure 8.18. (a) Coronal view showing partial subdental synchondrosis (black...Figure 8.19. Coronal view showing congenital block vertebrae of the bodies o...Figure 8.20. (a) Coronal view showing congenital block vertebrae of the left...Figure 8.21. Sagittal view on midline showing normal intervertebral joint sp...Figure 8.22. Sagittal view on midline showing asymmetrical intervertebral jo...Figure 8.23. Sagittal view on midline showing asymmetrical intervertebral jo...Figure 8.24. Sagittal view on midline showing osteophyte formation (white da...Figure 8.25. (a) Sagittal view showing bone erosions between the bodies of C...Figure 8.26. (a) Coronal view showing subchondral cysts in the left transver...Figure 8.27. Axial view showing left facet hypertrophy (white arrow).Figure 8.28. (a) Axial view showing right facet hypertrophy (white arrow). (...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1. Axial view showing the nasopalatine canal (NPC). Yellow line sho...Figure 9.2. Axial view showing the incisive foramen (IF) and mandibular fora...Figure 9.3. Axial view showing the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAN). Yell...Figure 9.4. Axial view showing the mental foramen (MF) and genial tubercles ...Figure 9.5. Coronal view showing the nasopalatine canal (NPC) with the incis...Figure 9.6. Coronal view showing the mental foramen (MF). Yellow line showin...Figure 9.7. Coronal view showing the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAN). Ye...Figure 9.8. Coronal view showing the mandibular foramen (MNF). Yellow line s...Figure 9.9. Sagittal view showing the mental foramen (MF) with the inferior ...Figure 9.10. Sagittal view showing the nasopalatine canal (NPC), incisive fo...Figure 9.11. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a well‐d...Figure 9.12. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a well‐d...Figure 9.13. Rotated sagittal views showing a well‐defined, radiopaque area ...Figure 9.14. (a) Axial view showing a corticated lingual indentation consist...Figure 9.15. (a) Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing a well‐...Figure 9.16. (a) Axial view showing a corticated lingual indentation consist...Figure 9.17. (a) Sagittal view showing a well‐defined, round radiolucent are...Figure 9.18. (a) Sagittal view showing well‐defined, radiolucent areas (whit...Figure 9.19. (a) Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing a we...Figure 9.20. (a) Reconstructed pantomograph slice showing a diffuse radiopaq...Figure 9.21. (a) Reconstructed pantomograph showing irregular bone loss and ...Figure 9.22. (a) Rotated axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views show...Figure 9.23. (a) Reconstructed pantomograph showing irregular bone loss in t...Figure 9.24. Coronal view showing multiple well‐defined, mixed radiopaque/ra...Figure 9.25. Sagittal view showing a well‐defined, mixed radiopaque/radioluc...Figure 9.26. Reconstructed pantomograph slice from a quadrant scan showing m...Figure 9.27. (a) 2D pantomograph showing a well‐defined, mixed radiopaque/ra...Figure 9.28. Axial (A), coronal (C), and sagittal (S) views showing multiple...

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1. Sagittal view showing the glenoid fossa (GF), mandibular condyl...Figure 10.2. Coronal view showing the glenoid fossa (GF) and mandibular cond...Figure 10.3. Axial view showing the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (...Figure 10.4. (a) Coronal view showing various shapes of the condyle acceptab...Figure 10.5. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing left condyl...Figure 10.6. Rotated sagittal cross‐sectional slices of the right and left c...Figure 10.7. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing right condy...Figure 10.8. (a) Coronal view showing right condylar hyperplasia (white arro...Figure 10.9. (a) Axial view showing notching of the right condyle (white arr...Figure 10.10. Coronal view showing notching on superior aspect of right cond...Figure 10.11. (a) Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing superi...Figure 10.12. Sagittal and coronal slices showing normal condylar morphology...Figure 10.13. Sagittal and coronal slices showing mild flattening consistent...Figure 10.14. Sagittal and coronal slices showing flattening with anterior o...Figure 10.15. Sagittal and coronal slices showing flattening with loss of co...Figure 10.16. Coronal view showing flattening of the superior surface of the...Figure 10.17. (a) Rotated sagittal cross‐sectional slices showing anterior o...Figure 10.18. (a) Coronal view showing subchondral cyst formation (white arr...Figure 10.19. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan of patient with rh...Figure 10.20. Rotated sagittal cross‐sectional slices showing severe bony de...Figure 10.21. (a) Coronal view showing erosions on the superior aspect of th...Figure 10.22. Rotated sagittal cross‐sectional slices showing erosions of th...Figure 10.23. (a) Axial view showing increased radiopacity of the right cond...

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1. (a) Coronal view showing sample bone area of bone selected (whi...Figure 11.2. (a) Cross‐sectional slices through anterior maxilla with 1.0 mm...Figure 11.3. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing the anterio...Figure 11.4. Reconstructed pantomograph from a CBCT scan showing right and l...Figure 11.5. Cross‐sectional views showing mandibular canal noted with red c...Figure 11.6. Rotated sagittal view showing mandibular canal as radiolucent b...Figure 11.7. (a) Implant screen using InVivo software with corresponding axi...