Читать книгу Emergency Medical Services - Группа авторов - Страница 135

Anemia

Fever

Physiologic dyspnea of pregnancy

Psychiatric, hyperventilation, panic attack

Abdominal distension, obesity

Although auscultation of breath sounds is an integral part of the physical examination for respiratory distress, there can be much overlap in the cause of any one particular exam finding. Breath sounds must be interpreted in the context of the rest of the focused exam. For example, a common mistake is to equate “crackles” with an ADHF exacerbation and “wheezing” with asthma/COPD, although both findings can be found in either disease process. The examination should also include careful auscultation of heart sounds as well as palpation and inspection of the neck for jugular venous distension, chest for retractions and external injury, lower back for sacral edema, and extremities for edema or evidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Box 5.2).