Читать книгу Emergency Medical Services - Группа авторов - Страница 402

1 1 Huff JS, Morris DL, Kothari RU, Gibbs MA, Emergency Medicine Seizure Study Group. Emergency department management of patients with seizures: a multicenter study. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:622–8.

2 2 Richard J, Osmond MH, Nesbitt L, Stiell IG. Management and outcomes of pediatric patients transported by emergency medical services in a Canadian prehospital system. CJEM. 2006; 8:6–12.

3 3 Brokaw J, Olson L, Fullerton L, Tandberg D, Skiar D. Repeated ambulance use by patients with acute alcohol intoxication, seizure disorder, and respiratory illness. Am J Emerg Med. 1998; 16:141–4.

4 4 Fountain NB, Lothman EW. Pathophysiology of status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1995; 12:326–42.

5 5 Kapur J, Macdonald RL. Rapid seizure‐induced reduction of benzo‐diazepine and Zn2+ sensitivity of hippocampal dentate granule cell GABAA receptors. J Neurosci. 1997; 17:7532–40.

6 6 Goodkin HP, Yeh JL, Kapur J. Status epilepticus increases the intracellular accumulation of GABAA receptors. J Neurosci. 2005; 25:5511–20.

7 7 Lin JT, Ziegler DK, Lai CW, Bayer W. Convulsive syncope in blood donors. Ann Neurol. 1982; 11:525–8.

8 8 McCrory PR, Berkovic SF. Concussive convulsions. Incidence in sport and treatment recommendations. Sports Med. 1998; 25:131–6.

9 9 Perron AD, Brady WJ, Huff JS. Concussive convulsions: emergency department assessment and management of a frequently misunderstood entity. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:296–8.

10 10 Huff JS. Stroke mimics and chameleons. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2002; 20:583–95.

11 11 Hand PJ, Kwan J, Lindley RI, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Distinguishing between stroke and mimic at the bedside: the brain attack study. Stroke. 2006; 37:769–75.

12 12 Haines SJ. Decerebrate posturing misinterpreted as seizure activity. Am J Emerg Med. 1988; 6:173–7.

13 13 Huff JS, Perron AD. Onset seizures independently predict poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2001; 56:1423–4.

14 14 Jagoda A, Riggio S. Psychogenic convulsive seizures. Am J Emerg Med. 1993; 11:626–32.

15 15 Leis AA, Ross MA, Summers AK. Psychogenic seizures: ictal characteristics and diagnostic pitfalls. Neurology. 1992; 42:95–9.

16 16 Mosewich RK, So EL. A clinical approach to the classification of seizures and epileptic syndromes. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996; 71:405–14.

17 17 Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2017; 58:522–30.

18 18 Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996; 37:643–50.

19 19 McKeon A, Frye MA, Delanty N. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008; 79:854–62.

20 20 Rathlev NK, D’Onofrio G, Fish SS, et al. The lack of efficacy of phenytoin in the prevention of recurrent alcohol‐related seizures. Ann Emerg Med. 1994; 23:513–18.

21 21 D’Onofrio G, Rathlev NK, Ulrich AS, Fish SS, Freedland ES. Lorazepam for the prevention of recurrent seizures related to alcohol. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:915–19.

22 22 Alldredge BK, Lowenstein DH. Status epilepticus related to alcohol abuse. Epilepsia. 1993; 34:1033–7.

23 23 Olson KR, Kearney TE, Dyer JE, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD. Seizures associated with poisoning and drug overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1993; 11:565–8.

24 24 Wills B, Erickson T. Drug‐ and toxin‐associated seizures. Med Clin North Am. 2005; 89:1297–321.

25 25 Wason S, Lacouture PG, Lovejoy FH Jr. Single high‐dose pyridoxine treatment for isoniazid overdose. JAMA. 1981; 246:1102–4.

26 26 Waruiru C, Appleton R. Febrile seizures: an update. Arch Dis Child. 2004; 89:751–6.

27 27 Allen JE, Ferrie CD, Livingston JH, Feltbower RG. Recovery of consciousness after epileptic seizures in children. Arch Dis Child. 2007; 92:39–42.

28 28 Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:792–8.

29 29 Treiman DM. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007; 81:273–85.

30 30 Lowenstein DH, Bleck T, MacDonald RL. It’s time to revise the definition of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999; 40:120–2.

31 31 Benbadis SR, Wolgamuth BR, Goren H, Brener S, Fouad‐Tarazi F. Value of tongue biting in the diagnosis of seizures. Arch Intern Med. 1995; 155:2346–9.

32 32 Lowenstein DH, Alldredge BK, Allen F, et al. The prehospital treatment of status epilepticus (PHTSE) study: design and methodology. Control Clin Trials. 2001; 22:290–309.

33 33 Albano A, Reisdorff EJ, Wiegenstein JG. Rectal diazepam in pediatric status epilepticus. Am J Emerg Med. 1989; 7:168–72.

34 34 Pellock JM. Safety of Diastat, a rectal gel formulation of diazepam for acute seizure treatment. Drug Saf. 2004; 27:383–92.

35 35 O’Regan ME, Brown JK, Clarke M. Nasal rather than rectal benzodiazepines in the management of acute childhood seizures? Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996; 38:1037–45.

36 36 Mahmoudian T, Zadeh MM. Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating acute seizures in children. Epilepsy Behav. 2004; 5:253–5.

37 37 Holsti M, Sill BL, Firth SD, Filloux FM, Joyce SM, Furnival RA. Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007; 23:148–53.

38 38 McIntyre J, Robertson S, Norris E, et al. Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366:205–10.

39 39 Baysun S, Aydin OF, Atmaca E, Gürer YK. A comparison of buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for the acute treatment of seizures. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2005; 44:771–6.

40 40 Wiznitzer M. Buccal midazolam for seizures. Lancet. 2005; 366: 182–3.

41 41 Wiznitzer M. Buccal midazolam is effective for acute treatment of seizures. J Pediatr. 2006; 148:143.

42 42 Towne AR, DeLorenzo RJ. Use of intramuscular midazolam for status epilepticus. J Emerg Med. 1999; 17:323–8.

43 43 Warden CR, Frederick C. Midazolam and diazepam for pediatric seizures in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2006; 10:463–7.

44 44 Chamberlain JM, Altieri MA, Futterman C, Young GM, Ochsenschlager DW, Waisman Y. A prospective, randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam with intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997; 13:92–4.

45 45 Silbergleit R, Durkalski V, Lowenstein D, et al. Intramuscular versus intravenous therapy for prehospital status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366:591–600.

46 46 Vilke GM, Sharieff GQ, Marino A, Gerhart AE, Chan TC. Midazolam for the treatment of out‐of‐hospital pediatric seizures. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002; 6:215–17.

47 47 Ribacoba‐Montero R, Salas‐Puig J. Simultaneous bilateral fractures of the hip following a grand mal seizure. An unusual complication. Seizure. 1997; 6:403–4.

48 48 Torreggiani WC, Lyburn ID, Harris AC, Nicolaou S. Odontoid fracture following an epileptic seizure. Australas Radiol. 2001; 45:359–61.

49 49 McArthur CL III, Rooke CT. Are spinal precautions necessary in all seizure patients? Am J Emerg Med. 1995; 13:512–13.

50 50 Gnanalingham K, Macanovic M, Joshi S, Afshar F, Yeh J. Non‐traumatic compression fractures of the thoracic spine following a seizure –treatment by percutaneous kyphoplasty. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2004; 47:256–7.

51 51 Kruitbosch JM, Schouten EJ, Tan IY, Veendrick‐Meekes MJ, de Vocht JW. Cervical spinal cord injuries in patients with refractory epilepsy. Seizure. 2006; 15:633–6.

52 52 Zwimpfer TJ, Brown J, Sullivan I, Moulton RJ. Head injuries due to falls caused by seizures: a group at high risk for traumatic intracranial hematomas. J Neurosurg. 1997; 86:433–7.

53 53 Walls RM, Sagarin MJ. Status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:409.

54 54 Verma A, Bedlack RS, Radtke RA, VanLandingham KE, Erwin CW. Succinylcholine induced hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest death related to an EEG study. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999; 16:46–50.

55 55 Lowenstein DH, Alldredge B. Managing status epilepticus. Lancet 1990; 336:1451.

56 56 Lowenstein DH. The management of refractory status epilepticus: an update. Epilepsia. 2006; 47 (Suppl 1):35–40.

57 57 Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America’s Working Group on Status Epilepticus. JAMA. 1993; 270:854–9.

58 58 ACEP Clinical Policies Committee, Clinical Policies Subcommittee on Seizures. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with seizures. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 43:605–25.

59 59 Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012; 17:3–23.

60 60 Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, et al. Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381:2103–13.

61 61 Aggarwal P, Wali JP. Lidocaine in refractory status epilepticus: a forgotten drug in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1993; 1 1:243–4.

62 62 Pascual J, Sedano MJ, Polo JM, Berciano J. Intravenous lidocaine for status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1988; 29:584–9.

63 63 Hamano S, Sugiyama N, Yamashita S, et al. Intravenous lidocaine for status epilepticus during childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006; 48:220–2.

64 64 Walker IA, Slovis CM. Lidocaine in the treatment of status epilepticus. Acad Emerg Med. 1997; 4:918–22.

65 65 Yeoman P, Hutchinson A, Byrne A, Smith J, Durham S. Etomidate infusions for the control of refractory status epilepticus. Intensive Care Med. 1989; 15:255–9.

66 66 Sheth RD, Gidal BE. Refractory status epilepticus: response to ketamine. Neurology. 1998; 51:1765–6.

67 67 Nathan BR, Smith TL, Bleck T. The use of ketamine in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (abstract). Neurology. 2002; 58 (Suppl 3):A197.

68 68 Fountain NB, Adams RE. Midazolam treatment of acute and refractory status epilepticus. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1999; 22: 261–7.

69 69 Prasad A, Worrall BB, Bertram EH, Bleck TP. Propofol and midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2001; 42:380–6.

70 70 Stecker MM, Kramer TH, Raps EC, O’Meeghan R, Dulaney E, Skaar DJ. Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with propofol: clinical and pharmacokinetic findings. Epilepsia. 1998; 39:18–26.

71 71 Rossetti AO, Reichhart MD, Schaller MD, Despland PA, Bogousslavsky J. Propofol treatment of refractory status epilepticus: a study of 31 episodes. Epilepsia. 2004; 45:757–63.

72 72 Schor NF, Riviello JJ Jr. Treatment with propofol: the new status quo for status epilepticus? Neurology. 2005; 65:506–7.

73 73 Parviainen I, Uusaro A, Kälviäinen R, Mervaala E, Ruokonen E. Propofol in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Intensive Care Med. 2006; 32:1075–9.

74 74 Rossetti AO, Bromfield EB. Efficacy of rapid IV administration of valproic acid for status epilepticus. Neurology. 2005; 65: 500–1.

75 75 Wheless JW, Vazquez BR, Kanner AM, Ramsay RE, Morton L, Pellock JM. Rapid infusion with valproate sodium is well tolerated in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 2004; 63:1507–8.

76 76 Peters CN, Pohlmann‐Eden B. Intravenous valproate as an innovative therapy in seizure emergency situations including status epilepticus–experience in 102 adult patients. Seizure. 2005; 14:164–9.

77 77 Fernandez IS, Abend NS, Agadi S, et al. Time from convulsive status epilepticus onset to anticonvulsant administration in children. Neurology. 2015; 84:2304–11.

78 78 Thio LL, Wainwright MS. Status epilepticus. For what are we waiting? Neurology. 2015; 84:2296–7.