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1 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 A symbolic representation of the feedback created by directed pansper...

2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Sketch of the levels of influences of matter and their inter-relation...

3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Author (left) with colleagues in the class 100,000 cleanroom at the M...Figure 5.2 Left: The very first photograph that Neil Armstrong took on the Moon:...Figure 5.3 Left: Plotted orbits of all known inner Solar System asteroids as of ...Figure 5.4 Left: Present-time factors for habitability of terrestrial planets. P...

4 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Location map of the Danakil Depression and the Dallol geothermal area...Figure 6.2 Landsat 8 pan-sharpened RGB-321 color composite image (scene ID: LC81...Figure 6.3 (a and b) Photographs of the Assale salt plain showing irregular poly...Figure 6.4 Panoramic view (from southwest) of the Black Mountain. Note the whiti...Figure 6.5 (a) Panoramic view of a field of sulfur and halite deposits associate...Figure 6.6 Photographs of the mounds at the Dallol Hot Springs site. (a) Field o...Figure 6.7 Photographs of terrace morphologies at the Dallol Hot Springs site. (...Figure 6.8 (a) Active mushroom-like structures (field of view ca. 4 m). Reproduc...Figure 6.9 (a) White halite salt rims (a few mm in thickness) forms as a result ...

5 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 The TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets (labeled b through h), compared to Mercury,...Figure 7.2 Breakthrough Starshot Lightsail nanocraft. (a). StarChip—a centimeter...Figure 7.3 Artist’s impression of ‘Oumuamua (1I/2017 U1). Discovered on October ...

6 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Total number of captured planetesimals as a function of their size. S...

7 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Planet mean density ρp as a function of galactocentric distance R_gc. ...Figure 9.2 Number of captured objects as a function of their velocities. Higher ...Figure 9.3 Theoretical spatial density of rocky planets (n_terr) as a function of...Figure 9.4 Spacetime topography of life-bearing planets for a case with the incl...

8 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Estimates for the date of LUCA seem to have settled down. From Table...

9 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Thermal curves of different entry scenarios related to a MgCO₃ micro...Figure 12.2 Magnesium carbonate fraction occurrences at different altitudes.Figure 12.3 Radiative and evaporative energy loss contributions during the atmos...Figure 12.4 Grazing entry scenarios of MgCO₃ micrometeoroids.Figure 12.5 Thermal curves of different entry scenarios related to a CaCO₃ micro...Figure 12.6 Calcium carbonate fraction occurrences at different altitudes.Figure 12.7 Grazing entry scenarios of CaCO₃ micrometeoroids.Figure 12.8 Radiative and evaporative energy loss contributions during the atmos...Figure 12.9 Thermal curves of different entry scenarios related to a FeCO₃ micro...Figure 12.10 Iron carbonate fraction occurrences at different altitudes.Figure 12.11 Radiative and evaporative energy loss contributions during the atmo...Figure 12.12 Grazing entry scenarios of FeCO₃ micrometeoroids.Figure 12.13 Thermal curves of different entry scenarios related to a CaSO₄ micr...Figure 12.14 Anhydrous calcium sulfate fraction occurrences at different altitud...Figure 12.15 Radiative and evaporative energy loss contributions during the atmo...Figure 12.16 Atmospheric density effect (Figure from [12.80]).Figure 12.17 A nitrogen molecule (blue) just before the impact with the crystal ...Figure 12.18 Relative probabilities of the different events following the impact...Figure 12.19 Thermal histories of a MgCO₃ (top left), CaCO₃ (top right), FeCO₃ (...Figure 12.20 Thermal histories of a MgCO₃ (top left), CaCO₃ (top right), FeCO₃ (...Figure 12.21 Thermal histories of a MgCO₃ (top left), CaCO₃ (top right), FeCO₃ (...

10 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Illustration of how a planetesimal from the planetesimal belt reache...Figure 13.2 Amount of delivered water on planets in TRAPPIST-1 system in percent...

11 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Diameters of objects that have their escape velocities equal in magn...