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Bill of moderate length, stout, cerate; upper mandible with the tip elongated and decurved; lower mandible rounded and thin-edged at the end. Head rather small, or of moderate size, ovato-oblong, and with part of the neck destitute of feathers. Eyes of moderate size, without projectg ridges.

External aperture of ears rather small and simple. Skin over the fore part of the neck bare or merely downy.

California Condor

Gymnogyps californianus

Plate 426

Vullturine Bird

Tarsus rather stout, bare, and shorter than the middle toe, hind toe much smaller than the second; anterior toes connected at the base by a web; claws large, moderately curved, rather acute. Plumage full and rather compact. Wings very long, and subacuminate. Oesophagus excessively wide, and dilated into a crop; stomach rather large, somewhat muscular, with a soft rugous epithelium; intestine of moderate length and width, coeca extremely small. The young when fledged have the head and upper part of the neck generally covered with down. Eggs: commonly two.

Turkey Vulture

Cathartes aura

Plate 151

Vullturine Bird