Читать книгу The Life & Legacy of George Washington - John Marshall - Страница 37
FOOTNOTES
Оглавление[1] The expressions of a resolution prepared by general Lee, and passed in the house of representatives of the United States, on their being informed of the death of general Washington.
[2] The general estimate in the United States is, that their population doubles in twenty-five years.
[3] Robertson. Chalmer.
[4] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[5] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[6] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Smith.
[7] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Smith.
[8] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Smith.
[9] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[10] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[11] Robertson.
[12] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[13] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[14] Stith. Smith.
[15] Stith.
[16] Stith.
[17] Stith.
[18] Ibid.
[19] This error might very possibly be produced by the Indians representing the great western lakes as seas.
[20] Dr. Robertson must allude to the country below the falls of the great rivers.
[21] Robertson. Chalmer.
[22] Charter.
[23] Stith.
[24] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[25] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[26] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[27] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[28] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[29] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[30] Robertson.
[31] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[32] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[33] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[34] Mr. Stith says the price for a wife was at first, one hundred, and afterwards, one hundred and fifty pounds of tobacco; and a debt so contracted was made of higher dignity than any other.
[35] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[36] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[37] Ibid.
[38] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[39] Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[40] Robertson. Chalmer.
[41] Robertson. Chalmer.
[42] Idem.
[43] Robertson. Chalmer.
[44] Chalmer. Robertson.
[45] Chalmer.
[46] Chalmer.
[47] Robertson.
[48] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[49] Robertson.
[50] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[51] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[52] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[53] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[54] Robertson.
[55] Robertson.
[56] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[57] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[58] Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[59] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[60] Hutchison.
[61] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[62] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[63] Hume.
[64] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[65] Chalmer.
[66] All the powers of government for nearly three years, seem to have been in the magistrates. Two were appointed in each town, who directed all the affairs of the plantation. The freemen appear to have had no voice in making the laws, or in any part of the government except in some instances of general and uncommon concern. In these instances committees were sent from the several towns to a general meeting. During this term, juries seem not to have been employed in any case.
[67] Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[68] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[69] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[70] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[71] Hutchison.
[72] This was an union, says Mr. Trumbull, of the highest consequence to the New England colonies. It made them formidable to the Dutch and Indians, and respectable among their French neighbours. It was happily adapted to maintain harmony among themselves, and to secure the rights and peace of the country. It was one of the principal means of the preservation of the colonies, during the civil wars, and unsettled state of affairs in England. It was the great source of mutual defence in Philip's war; and of the most eminent service in civilising the Indians, and propagating the Gospel among them. The union subsisted more than forty years, until the abrogation of the charters of the New England colonies by King James II.
[73] Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[74] Chalmer.
[75] Ibid.
[76] In the subsequent year Parliament exempted New England from all taxes "until both houses should otherwise direct;" and, in 1646, all the colonies were exempted from all talliages except the excise, "provided their productions should be exported only in English bottoms."
[77] Hutchison.
[78] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[79] Hutchison.
[80] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[81] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[82] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[83] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[84] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[85] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[86] Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[87] Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[88] Chalmer.
[89] Chalmer. Trumbull.
[90] Hutchison. Chalmer.
[91] Idem.
[92] Hutchison. Chalmer.
[93] Hutchison. Chalmer.
[94] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[95] Chalmer. Smith.
[96] Chalmer. Smith.
[97] Hutchison.
[98] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[99] Chalmer. History of South Carolina and Georgia.
[100] Chalmer. Beverly.
[101] Idem.
[102] Chalmer. Beverly.
[103] Chalmer.
[104] From a paper in possession of the British administration, it appears that in 1673, New England was supposed to contain one hundred and twenty thousand souls, of whom sixteen thousand were able to bear arms. Three-fourths of the wealth and population of the country, were in Massachusetts and its dependencies. The town of Boston alone contained fifteen hundred families.
[105] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[106] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[107] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[108] Trumbull. Hutchison. Chalmer.
[109] Chalmer. Hutchison.
[110] Trumbull. Hutchison.
[111] Smith.
[112] Chalmer. Smith.
[113] Chalmer. Smith.
[114] History of Pennsylvania. Chalmer.
[115] Hutchison.
[116] Smith.
[117] Smith.
[118] See note No. I, at the end of the volume.
[119] Hutchison. Belknap.
[120] Belknap.
[121] The quotas assigned by the crown are as follows:
| To Massachusetts Bay | 350 |
| Rhode Island and Providence plantations | 48 |
| Connecticut | 120 |
| New York | 200 |
| Pennsylvania | 80 |
| Maryland | 160 |
| Virginia | 240 |
| ----- | |
| Total, 1,198 |
[122] Belknap.
[123] Belknap. Hutchison.
[124] So early as the year 1692, the difference of opinion between the mother country and the colonies on the great point, which afterwards separated them, made its appearance. The legislature of Massachusetts, employed in establishing a code of laws under their new charter, passed an act containing the general principles respecting the liberty of the subject, that are asserted in magna charta, in which was the memorable clause, "no aid, tax, talliage, assessment, custom, benevolence, or imposition whatsoever, shall be laid, assessed, imposed, or levied, on any of his majesty's subjects or their estates, on any pretence whatsoever, but by the act and consent of the governor, council, and representatives of the people, assembled in general court."
It is scarcely necessary to add that the royal assent to this act was refused.
[125] History of South Carolina.
[126] Chalmer.
[127] Hutchison.
[128] Hutchison. Belknap.
[129] Hutchison.
[130] Hutchison.
[131] Hutchison.
[132] History of South Carolina.
[133] Idem.
[134] In the same year Charleston was reduced to ashes. A large portion of its inhabitants passed, in one day, from prosperity to indigence. Under the pressure of this misfortune, the legislature applied to parliament for aid; and that body, with a liberality reflecting honour on its members, voted twenty thousand pounds, to be distributed among the sufferers.
[135] About five and a half millions of dollars.
[136] Belknap.
[137] Belknap.
[138] It is said the secret was kept until a member who performed family devotion at his lodgings, betrayed it by praying for the divine blessing on the attempt.
[139] Hutchison.
[140] The day before the armament sailed from Massachusetts, an express boat, which had been dispatched to admiral Warren to solicit assistance, returned with the unwelcome intelligence that he declined furnishing the aid required. This information could not arrest the expedition. Fortunately for its success, the orders from England soon afterwards reached the admiral, who immediately detached a part of his fleet; which he soon followed himself in the Superb, of sixty guns.
[141] Belknap. Hutchison.
[142] Hutchison. Belknap.
[143] Hutchison.
[144] Abbe Raynal.
[145] The following estimate is taken from "The History of the British empire in North America," and is there said to be an authentic account from the militia rolls, poll taxes, bills of mortality, returns from governors, and other authorities.
| The colonies of | Inhabitants. |
| Halifax and Lunenberg in Nova Scotia | 5,000 |
| New Hampshire | 30,000 |
| Massachusetts Bay | 220,000 |
| Rhode Island and Providence | 35,000 |
| Connecticut | 100,000 |
| New York | 100,000 |
| The Jerseys | 60,000 |
| Pennsylvania (then including Delaware) | 250,000 |
| Maryland | 85,000 |
| Virginia | 85,000 |
| North Carolina | 45,000 |
| South Carolina | 30,000 |
| Georgia | 6,000 |
| ---------- | |
| Total 1,051,000 |
The white inhabitants of the French colonies were thus estimated:
| The colonies of | Inhabitants. |
| Canada | 45,000 |
| Louisiana | 7,000 |
| ------- | |
| Total 52,000 |
