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Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology

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Страница 1 Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology Страница 3Страница 4 Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology Страница 6 Case Studies An Invitation Goals of This Book Goal 1: Introduce the Principles of Developmental Psychopathology Goal 2: Appreciate the Importance of Integrating Science and Practice Goal 3: Focus on Evidence-Based and Ethical Treatment Goal 4: Relevance to Your Life Organization and Key Features A Developmental Structure Part I. Evidence-Based Research and Practice Part II. Developmental Disorders and Disabilities Part III. Disruptive Disorders and Substance Use Problems Part IV. Emotion and Thought Disorders Part V. Health-Related Disorders A Biological, Psychological, and Social–Cultural Approach Questions and Answers New Features Special Resources for Instructors Additional Case Studies to Accompany the Text As In-Class Activities For Presentations As Writing Assignments or Exam Questions Acknowledgments About the Author Part I Evidence-Based Research and Practice 1 The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology Learning Objectives 1.1 Identifying Behavior Problems in Children What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?” Deviation, Disability, and Distress A Harmful Dysfunction How Does DSM-5 Define Abnormality? Definition Limitations How Do Psychologists Diagnose Mental Health Problems in Children? Categorical Classification Prototypical Classification Dimensional Classification What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagnosing Children? Possible Benefits Potential Drawbacks Research Domain Criteria How Do Social–Cultural Factors Affect Our Understanding of Mental Health? Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Case Study: The Importance of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Between Two Worlds 1.2 The Prevalence Childhood Disorders How Common Are Mental Disorders in Children? Prevalence and Incidence Comorbidity and Costs What Factors Influence the Prevalence of Childhood Disorders? Age Gender From Science to Practice: Interpersonal Stress and Gender Socioeconomic Status Race and Ethnicity Do Most Children With Mental Health Problems Receive Treatment? Access to Treatment The Use of Medication Barriers to Treatment 1.3 Integrating Science and Practice What Is Evidence-Based Practice? The Importance of Science What Professionals Help Children and Families? The Helping Professions Students as Evidence-Based Helpers Why Is Ethical Treatment Important? The APA Ethics Code Competence Case Study: Ethics with Children: Competence Well-Intentioned Dr. Williams Case Study: Ethics with Children: Consent Resentful Rachel Consent Confidentiality Case Study: Ethics with Children: Confidentiality Risqué Renae Case Study: Ethics with Children: Conflicts of Interest Margaret’s Mournful Mother Conflicts of Interest Key Terms Critical Thinking Exercises Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning Descriptions of Images and Figures 2 The Causes of Childhood Disorders Learning Objectives 2.1 Developmental Psychopathology What Is Developmental Psychopathology? Development Over Time Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Behavior What Affects the Course of Development? Developmental Pathways Continuity vs. Change Case Study: Developmental Pathways A Pathway to Trouble Equifinality and Multifinality Why Do Some Children Have Better Outcomes Than Others? Risk and Protective Factors Resilience Case Study: Risk and Resilience Divergent Developmental Paths 2.2 Biological Influences on Development How Can Genes Affect Development? Genes and Chromosomes Behavioral Genetics Molecular Genetics How Do Genetic and Environmental Factors Interact? The Diathesis–Stress Model Gene–Environment Correlation From Science to Practice: Understanding Gene–Environment Correlation Epigenetics How Does the Brain Change Across Development? 2.3 Psychological Influences on Development How Is Learning Theory Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning How Is Cognitive Development Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders? Cognitive Development Social Cognition How Is Emotional Development Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders? Emotional Development Emotion Regulation 2.4 Social–Cultural Influences on Development How Do Parents Influence Development? Temperament and Goodness-of-Fit Attachment Parenting Behavior How Do Peers Influence Development? Interpersonal Theory Peer Acceptance and Rejection How Do Other Social–Cultural Factors Influence Development? Proximal and Distal Risk Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory Key Terms Critical Thinking Exercises Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning Descriptions of Images and Figures 3 Research Methods With Children and Families Learning Objectives 3.1 Science Vs. Pseudoscience How Is Scientific Thinking Different From Pseudoscience? Science: A Way to Reduce Bias Principle 1: Falsifiability Case Study: Scientific Reasoning and Falsifiability Helping Hands Principle 2: Critical Thinking Principle 3: Parsimony Principle 4: Precision Principle 5: Reproducibility What Is the Scientific Method? 3.2 Research Goals and Methods How Do Psychologists Describe Behavior? Case Studies From Science to Practice: A Cure for Headaches Surveys Neuroimaging How Do Psychologists Predict Behavior? Correlational Research Correlations ≠ Causality Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies Mediators and Moderators How Do Psychologists Explain Behavior? Experiments Types of Control Groups How Do Psychologists Replicate Studies? Meta-Analysis Examples of Meta-Analysis What Are Quasi-Experimental Studies? Pretest-Posttest Studies Nonequivalent Groups Single Subject Studies 3.3 Ethical Research with Children and Families What Ethical Issues Are Important in Research With Children? Case Study: Research Ethics Ethical Issues Weighing Benefits vs. Risks Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent Respecting Confidentiality Avoiding Deception Debriefing Key Terms Critical Thinking Exercises Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning Descriptions of Images and Figures 4 Assessing and Treating Children’s Problems Learning Objectives 4.1 Psychological Assessment What Is Psychological Assessment? Definition and Purpose Case Study: Psychological Assessment Stubborn Sara Principles of Assessment What Is a Diagnostic Interview and Mental Status Exam? Diagnostic Interview Cultural Formulation of Children’s Problems From Science to Practice: The Cultural Formulation Interview Mental Status Exam How Do Psychologists Conduct Behavioral Observations? Observation Methods Functional Analysis of Behavior How Do Psychologists Assess Children’s Cognitive Functioning? Intelligence Academic Achievement How Do Psychologists Assess Children’s Personality and Social–Emotional Functioning? Personality Testing Parent, Teacher, and Self-Report Rating Scales Specific Symptom Inventories What Makes a Good Psychological Test? Standardization Reliability Validity 4.2 Systems of Psychotherapy Case Study: Psychotherapy Anna’s Secret What Is Psychotherapy? Definition and Common Factors of Therapy The Therapeutic Alliance What Are the Major Systems of Psychotherapy? Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy From Science to Practice: Cognitive Therapy With Children Interpersonal Therapy Family Systems Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy What Is Culturally Adapted Treatment? Intersectionality Examples of Cultural Adaptations 4.3 The Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child Psychotherapy How Does Child Psychotherapy Differ From Adult Psychotherapy? Does Child Psychotherapy Work? Overall Efficacy of Therapy Which Therapy Works Best? Efficacy vs. Effectiveness Key Terms Critical Thinking Exercises Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning Descriptions of Images and Figures Part II Developmental Disorders and Disabilities {buyButton}

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