Читать книгу Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention - Surya K. De - Страница 14

AACR:American Association for Cancer ResearchABPI:Association of the British Pharmaceutical IndustryABTA:American Brain Tumor AssociationACDM:Association for Clinical Data ManagementACRPI:Association of Clinical Research for the Pharmaceutical IndustryACS:American Cancer SocietyACS:American Chemical SocietyAIOM:Italian Association for Medical OncologyAJCC:American Joint Committee on CancerASCO:American Society of Clinical OncologyASH:American Society for HematologyASTRO:American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and OncologyBACR:British Association for Cancer ResearchBASO:British Association of Surgical OncologistsBMA:British Medical AssociationBNLI:British National Lymphoma InvestigationBOA:British Oncology AssociationBODMA:British Oncology Data Managers Association (UK)CALGB:Cancer and Leukemia Group B (USA)CCG:Children's Cancer Group (USA)CCRG:Children's Cancer Research Group (Oxford, UK)CCS:Canadian Cancer SocietyCOG:Children's Oncology Group (USA)COS:Canadian Oncology SocietyCRC:Cancer Research Campaign (UK)CSM:Committee on Safety of Medicines (UK)EACR:European Association for Cancer ResearchEANO:European Association for Neuro‐OncologyEBMT:European Group for Blood and Marrow TransplantationECOG:Eastern Cooperative Group (USA)EOI:European Osteosarcoma IntergroupEORTC:European Organization for Research and Treatment of CancerESO:European School of OncologyESTRO:European Society for Therapeutic Radiation and OncologyFDA:Food and Drug Administration (USA)FECS:Federation of European Cancer SocietiesGMC:General Medical Council (UK)GPOH:Gesellschaft fur Padiatrische Onkologie und Hamatologie (German Paed. Onc Group)IACR:International Association of Cancer RegistriesIARC:International Agency for Research on CancerIASLC:International Association for the Study of Lung CancerICARE:International Cancer Alliance for Research and Education (ICARE)ICCCPO:International Confederation of Childhood Cancer Parent OrganizationsICCG:International Collaborative Cancer GroupICCPO:Icelandic Childhood Cancer Parent OrganizationICH:International Conference on Harmonization (GCP)ICRF:Imperial Cancer Research Fund (UK)IESS:Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study (USA)IMF:International Myeloma FoundationINFA:International Neurofibromatosis AssociationIPSO:International Society of Pediatric Surgical OncologyISNCC:International Society of Nurses in Cancer CareIWMF:International Waldenstrom's Maroglubulinemia FoundationLREC:Local Research Ethics Committee (UK)LRF:Leukemia Research Fund (UK)LRFA:Lymphoma Research Foundation of AmericaMCA:Medicines Control Agency (UK)MRC:Medical Research Council (UK)MREC:Multi‐center Research Ethics Committee (UK)NCCN:National Comprehensive Cancer NetworkNAACCR:North American Association of Central Cancer RegistriesNABCO:National Alliance of Breast Cancer OrganizationsNCCF:National Childhood Cancer Foundation (USA)NCI:National Cancer Institute (USA)NCIC:National Cancer Institute of CanadaNCRA:National Cancer Registrars Association (USA)NECCR:North of England Children's Cancer Research UnitNKCA:National Kidney Cancer Association (USA)NNFF:National Neurofibromatosis Foundation (USA)NORD:National Organization for Rare Disorders (USA)NRCT:National Registry of Childhood Tumors (UK)OECI:Organization of European Cancer InstitutesONS:Oncology Nursing Society (USA)PONF:Pediatric Oncology Nurses Forum (UK)SCTN:Scottish Cancer Therapy NetworkSEER:Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (USA)SFOP:French Pediatric Oncology SocietySGDM:Study Group on Data Management (EORTC)SGO:Society of Gynecologic OncologistsSIOP:International Society of Paediatric OncologySNLG:Scottish and Newcastle Lymphoma GroupSPOHNC:Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck CancerSWOG:Southwest Oncology Group (USA)UKCCCR:UK Coordinating Committee for Cancer ResearchUKCCRG:UK Children's Cancer Research Group (Oxford)WHO:World Health Organization

Common Medical and Prescription Abbreviations (Rx Terms)

Abbreviation	Greek, Latin, or New Latin	Meaning in English
ā	Ante	Before (a with a bar over it)
aa	Ana	of each
AAA		apply to the affected area or abdominal aortic aneurysm
a.c.	ante cibum	before meals
a.c.h.s., ac & hs	ante cibum et hora somni	before meals and at bedtime
a.d.	auris dextra	right ear
ad., add.	adde addatur	Add let there be added, upto
ad.		to; up to
ad lib.	ad libitum	Freely, as much as desired
ad sat.		to saturation
admov.	admove admoveatur	apply [or] add add; let there be added
ad us.	ad usum	according to custom
æq.	æquales	equal
agit.	agita	agitate (stir or shake)
alt. d., alt. dieb.	alternis diebus	every other day; on alternate days

alt. h., alt. hor.	alternis horis	every other hour; at alternate hours
a.m. (A.M.)	ante meridiem	morning, before noon
amp.	ampulla	ampule
amt		amount
aq.	aqua	water
aq. bull.	aqua bulliens	boiling water
aq. com.	aqua communis	common water
aq. dest.	aqua destillata	distilled water
aq. ferv.	aqua fervens	hot water
a.l., a.s.	auris laeva, auris sinistra	left ear
ALT		alanine aminotransferase
alt.	alternis	alternate
ant.		anterior
ante		before
ap		before dinner
APAP		acetaminophen
aPTT		activated partial thromboplastin
ASA		aspirin
AST		aspartate aminotransferase
ATC		around the clock
a.u. (A.U.)	auris utraque	each ear; both ears
BCP		birth control pills
BDS, b.d.s.	bis die sumendum	twice daily
bib.	bibe	drink
bis	bis	twice
bid, BID, b.d.	bis in die	twice daily
bis ind.	bis indies	twice a day
bis in 7 d.	bis in septem diebus	twice a week
BM		bowel movement
BMI		body mass index
bol		bolus, short‐time infusion
BP		blood pressure
BS		blood sugar
BSA		body surface area
BPH		benign prostatic hypertrophy
b.t.		bedtime

bucc.	bucca	buccal, inside check
cap., caps.	capsula	capsule
cap.	capiat	let the patient take
C.C.		chief complaint
c/o		complaints of
C&S		culture and sensitivity
c.m.	cras mane	tomorrow morning
c.m.s.	cras mane sumendus	to be taken tomorrow morning
c&c.macr;, c.	cum	with (usually written with a bar on top of the “c”)
c.c.	cum cibo	with food [or] cubic centimeter
cf.	confer	compare
c.n.	cras nocte	tomorrow night
CABG		coronary artery bypass graft
CAD		coronary artery disease
cochl.	cochleare	spoonful
cochl. ampl.	cochleare amplum	an ample spoonful (a tablespoonful)
cochl. infant.	cochleare infantis	a small spoonful (a teaspoonful)
cochl. mag.	cochleare magnum	a large spoonful (a tablespoonful)
cochl. mod.	cochleare modicum	a modest spoonful (a dessert‐spoonful)
cochl. parv.	cochleare parvum	a scant spoonful (a teaspoonful)
colet.	coletur	let it be strained
comp.	compositus	compound
contin.	continuetur	let it be continued
cpt.	capiat	let the patient take
cr., crm		cream
CST		continue same treatment
cuj.	cujus	of which
c.v.	cras vespere	tomorrow evening
cyath.	cyathus	a glassful
cyath. vinos.	cyathus vinosus	a wine‐glassful
CBC		complete blood count
CD		controlled delivery
CF		cystic fibrosis
CR		controlled‐release

CV		cardiovascular
CXR		chest X‐ray
D, d.	die [or] dosis	days [or] doses
D5LR		dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution (intravenous sugar solution)
D5W, D5W		dextrose 5% in water (intravenous sugar solution)
D5/0.9 NaCl		5% dextrose and normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl)
D5 1/2/NS		5% dextrose and half normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl)
D5NS		dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%) (intravenous sugar solution)
D10W, D10W		dextrose 10% in water (intravenous sugar solution)
da	da	give
DAW		dispense as written (i.e. no generic substitution)
D/C, dc, disc.		discontinue or discharge
decoct.	decoctum	decoction
det.	detur	let it be given
dieb. alt.	diebus alternis	every other day; on alternate days
dil.		dilute
dim.	dimidius	one‐half
d. in p. æ.	divide in partes æquales	divide into equal parts
div.	divide	divide
d.t.d.	dentur tales doses	give of such doses
dL		deciliter
DS		double strength
DBP		diastolic blood pressure
DKA		diabetic ketoacidosis
DM		diabetes mellitus
DO		Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
DOB		date of birth
DPT		diphtheria‐pertussis‐tetanus
DR		delayed‐release
DVT		deep vein thrombosis
DTO		deodorized tincture of opium

DW		distilled water or dextrose in water
elix.	elixir	elixir
e.m.p.	ex modo prescripto	as directed (in the manner prescribed)
emuls.	emulsum	emulsion
et	et	and
EOD		every other day
ex aq.	ex aqua	in water; with water
exhib.	exhibiatur	let it be given
EC		enteric‐coated
EENT		eye, ear, nose, and throat
emuls.		emulsion
ER		extended‐release
ER		emergency room
f.	fiat	make; let it be made
F		Fahrenheit
f or F		female
f.h.	fiat haustus	make a draught
fl., fld.	fluidus	fluid (liquid)
f.m.	fiat mistura	make a mixture
f. pil.	fiat pilula	make a pill
f.s.a.	fiat secundum artem	make according to art
ft.	fiat	make; let it be made
FBS		fasting blood sugar
Fe		iron
FFP		fresh frozen plasma
ft		foot
g, gm		gram
garg.	gargarisma	gargle
gr.	granum	grain
gtt(s)	gutta(e)	drop(s)
gutt.	gutta(e)	drop(s)
guttat.		drop by drop
GERD		gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI		gastrointestinal
GTT		glucose tolerance test
GU		genitourinary

H		hypodermic
h, hr, hor.	hora	hour
habt.	habeat	let him have
h/o		history of
hor. alt.	hora alternis	every other hour
hor. decub.	hora decubitus	at bedtime
hor. intermed.	horis intermediis	at intermediate hours
hor. tert.	horis tertiis	every third hour
h.s.	hora somni	at bedtime or half‐strength
H&H		hematocrit and hemoglobin
H2		histamine 2
HAART		highly active antiretroviral therapy
HCT, or Hct		hematocrit
HCT		hydrocortisone
HCTZ		hydrochlorothiazide
HR		heart rate
HS		half‐strength
HTN		hypertension
hx		history
IBW		ideal body weight
ID		intradermal
IJ, inj.	injectio	injection
i.m., IM		intramuscular
IN		intranasal
ind.	indies	daily
inf.	infusum	infusion (extraction)/intravenous infusion
i	unus tabuletta	one tablet
ii	duo tabuletta	two tablets
iii	tres tabuletta	three tablets
IO		intraosseous
IP		intraperitoneal
IR		immediate‐release
IT		intrathecal
IU		international unit
IUD		intrauterine device
i.v., IV		intravenous
i.v.p., IVP		intravenous push

IVPB		intravenous piggyback
kg		kilogram
L		liter
LA		long‐acting
lab		laboratory
lb.	libra	pound
LAS		label as such
lat. dol.	lateri dolenti	to the painful side
l.c.d.	liquor carbonis detergens	coal tar solution
lin	linimentum	liniment
lot.	lotio	lotion
liq.	liquor	liquid (solution)
LMP		last menstrual period
LPN		licensed practical nurse
LR		lactated ringer (solution)
M., m.	misce	mix
mane	mane	in the morning
max.	maximum	maximum
mcg		microgram
MD		medical doctor
mdi		metered‐dose inhaler
m.d.u.	more dicto utendus	to be used as directed
mEq		milliequivalent
mEq/L		milliequivalent per liter
mg		milligram
mg/dl		milligrams per deciliter
MgSO4		magnesium sulfate
mL		milliliter
mm		millimeter
MM or M		million
mm of Hg		millimeters of mercury
mMol		millimole
MMR		measle‐mumps‐rubella (vaccine)
mol wt		molecular weight
MR		modified‐release
MS		morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate

MSO4		morphine sulfate
midi		at midday
min.	minimum [or] minim [or] minutum	minimum [or] minim [or] minute
mist.	mistura	mixture
mit., mitt.	mitte	number of tablets provided
mod. præscript.	modo præscripto	in the manner directed
nebul, neb.	nebula	a spray
NMT		not more than
n or noct.	nocte	at night
non rep.	non repetatur	no repeats (no refills)
NPO, n.p.o.	nil per os	nothing by mouth
N/A		not applicable
NAS		intranasal
NDC		National Drug Code
NGT		nasogastric tube
NKA		no known allergies
NKDA		no known drug allergies
noct. maneq.		night and morning
NP		nurse practitioner
NS		normal saline (0.9%)
1/2NS		half‐normal saline (0.45%)
NTE		not to exceed
NSAID		nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug
o 2, o2		both eyes
O2		oxygen
OC		oral contraceptive
o.d.	omni die	every day (once daily)
o.d.	oculus dexter	right eye
OJ		orange juice
o.m.	omni mane	every morning
OM		otitis media
omn. bih	omni bihora	every two hours
omn. hor.	omni hora	every hour
o.n.	omni nocte	every night
OPD		once per day
o.s.	oculus sinister	left eye
o.u.	oculus uterque	both eyes

OTC		over‐the‐counter
oz		ounce
p.	perstetur	continue
		after
part. æq.	partes æquales	equal parts
per	per	by or through
p.c.	post cibum	after meals
p.c.h.s., pc & hs	post cibum et hora somni	after meals and at bedtime
Ph.Br., BP	Pharmacopoeia Britannica	British Pharmacopoeia
Ph.Eur.	Pharmacopoeia Europaea	European Pharmacopoeia
Ph.Int.	Pharmacopoeia Internationalis	International Pharmacopoeia
pig./pigm.	pigmentum	paint
p.m.	post meridiem	evening or afternoon
p.o.	per os	by mouth or orally
ppt.	præparata	prepared
p.r., PR	per rectum	rectally
p.r.n., PRN	pro re nata	as needed
pt.	perstetur	continue
pulv.	pulvis	powder
p. v., PV	per vaginam	vaginally
PA		physician assistant
PCA		patient‐controlled analgesia
PE		physical exam, pulmonary embolism
per neb		by nebulizer
PFT		pulmonary function tests
PharmD		Doctor of Pharmacy
PMH		past medical history
PT		prothrombin time
PTT		partial thromboplastin time
q	quaque	every, per
q.1 h, q.1°	quaque 1 hora	every one hour
q12h		every 12 hours
q2h		every two hours
q3h		every three hours
q4h		every four hours
q6h		every six hours

q4PM		at 4 pm (can replace “4” with other numbers)
q.a.d.	quaque alternis die	every other day
q.a.m.	quaque die ante meridiem	every morning (every day before noon)
q.d./q.1.d.	quaque die	every day
q.d.a.m.	quaque die ante meridiem	once daily in the morning
q.d.p.m.	quaque die post meridiem	once daily in the evening
q.d.s.	quater die sumendus	four times a day
q.p.m.	quaque die post meridiem	every evening (every day after noon)
q.h.	quaque hora	every hour
q.h.s.	quaque hora somni	every night at bedtime
q.i.d.	quater in die	four times a day
q.l.	quantum libet	as much as is requisite
q.q.	quaque	each
q.q.h.	quater quaque hora	every four hours
q.s.	quantum sufficiat	a sufficient quantity
q.s.a.d.		add up to
qn		nightly or at bedtime
q.v.	quantum volueris	at will
QWK		every week
qod, QOD, q.o.d.		every other day
RA		rheumatoid arthritis
RDA		recommended daily allowances
rep., rept.	repetatur	repeats
RE		right eye
RN		registered nurse
RL, R/L		Ringer's lactate
Rx, Rx, RX, ℞, Rp	recipe	medical prescription or prescription drug
RPh		registered pharmacist
s.	signa	write
	sine	without
s.a.	secundum artem	according to the art (best practice)
SC		subcutaneous
sem.	semen	seed
s.i.d.	semel in die	once a day

sig.	signa, signetur	write (write on the label)
sing.	singulorum	of each
sig codes		medical or prescription abbreviations
SL, s.l.	sub lingua	sublingually, under the tongue
SOB		shortness of breath
sol.	solutio	solution
s.o.s., si op. sit	si opus sit	if there is a need
s.s., SS	semisse	one‐half [or] sliding scale
SSI		sliding scale insulin
SSRI		selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [or] sliding scale regular insulin
st.	stet	let it stand
stat	statim	immediately
SBP		systolic blood pressure
sum.	sumat [or] sumendum	let him take [or] let it be taken
supf.		superficial
supp.	suppositorium	suppository
susp.	suspensio	suspension
syr.	syrupus	syrup
sp gr		specific gravity
SR		sustained release
STD		sexually transmitted diseases
T		temperature
tab.	Tabella	tablet
tal., t.	talus	such
tbsp.		tablespoon
t.d.s., TDS	ter die sumendum	three times a day
t.i.d., t.d.	ter in die	three times a day
TIA		transient ischemic attack
tid ac		three times a day before meals
TIN, t.i.n.		three times a night
t.i.w.		three times a week
top.		topical
TPN		total parenteral nutrition
tr, tinc., tinct.	tinctura	tincture

trit.	triturate	grind to a powder
troch.	trochiscus	lozenge
tsp		teaspoon
TO		telephone order
TR		timed‐release
TSH		thyroid‐stimulating hormone
Tx		treatment
U or u		unit
UA		urinalysis
u.d., ut. dict.		as directed
ung.	unguentum	ointment
USP		United States Pharmacopeia
UTI		urinary tract infection
vag.	vagine	vaginally
vag, p. v.		via the vagina
VLDL		very low‐density lipoprotein
vol %		volume percent
vol.		volume
w		with
w/a		while awake
w/f		with food (with meals)
w/o		without
w/v		weight in volume
WBC		white blood cell
WNL		within normal limits
wt.		weight
x		multiplied by
XL		extended‐release
YO, y.o.		years old
yr		year
μEq		microequivalent
μg, mcg		microgram
μL		microliter
@		at
>		greater than
<		less than

℔	libra	pound
℥	uncia	ounce
&ip.ezh;	drachma	dram (drachm)
℈	scrupulus	scruple
°		hour

The list is for educational purposes only, currently discouraging practices.