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Warm up!
(Rationalization)

Exercise 4.1

Rationalization is the process of concealing real motives by inventing plausible reasons.

Which of the following are examples of rationalization?

Example:

Reading is not a popular hobby because there are no good writers. => Rationalization because reading is not popular for other reasons, for instance, as we prefer TV and computer to books.

1. Modern teenagers spend a lot of time in front of the computers because they do not have enough homework to do and books to read.

2. Computer games are the most popular with children since board games are not involving.

3. Teenagers tend to belong to some subcultures as they need to show off and to feel a member of a community.

4. People prefer extreme sports since they are more competitive than traditional ones.

Exercise 4.2

Find three plausible reasons for each item in the previous exercise.

Language Practice
(Grammar)

Exercise 4.3 (Subject-Predicate Agreement)

Mind:

Tom and Alice are guilty

Tom or Alice is guilty

Neither Tom nor Alice is guilty

Choose the correct form of the verb:

1. Neither endurance nor skill is/are enough.

2. Mary, Jane or Toledo is/are to report at once.

3. The Democratic Party has/have the power.

4. Apple pie and strawberry mousse is/are her favorite dishes.

5. The boss, like his workers, deserves/deserve a holiday.

Exercise 4.4 (Agreement of Pronouns)

Mind:

The team gave its all (the whole group) BUT The team cleaned their lockers (members of a group)

Choose the correct word:

1. The company had a new policy; from now on it/they would build more small cars.

2. Everybody brings his/their lunch.

3. Whose/who’s on first?

4. I wish my son looked less like I/me and more like she/her.

5. My father worked hard to give we/us a good education.

Exercise 4.5 (Agreement of Participle and Subordinate Clauses)

Correct mistakes:

Example:

Painting the windows black, they became opaque. => PaintED black the windows became opaque.

1. At the age of three my parents took me to Buffalo.

2. By heating the water, the pot begins to boil.

3. Renowned for his humor, everyone reads Mark Twain.

4. Running down the street, his house could be seen.

Writing
(Paragraph: Consistency of Sentences)

Consistency of sentences in a paragraph can be achieved by:

1. Consistency of tense:

We strolled down the street as the jazz band started to play

We stroll down the street as the jazz band start to play

2. Consistency of the number and the person:

The jogger chooses his or her running shoes with care

The joggers choose their running shoes with care

3. Discourse consistency:

In one paragraph apply either direct or indirect speech.

Exercise 4.6

Correct mistakes:

Example:

Two seconds before the buzzer sounded, Larry Bird sank a basket from midcourt, and the crowd goes wild. => Two seconds before the buzzer sounded, Larry Bird sank a basket from midcourt, and the crowd WENT wild.

1. I told you this will happen.

2. Dreams fascinate me; it is like another world.

3. A good job is not as easy to come by as they were ten years ago.

4. John asked me do you know who won the Saturday’s game.

5. John asked me I knew who won the game.

Exercise 4.7

Write a paragraph describing your yesterday’s conversation with a friend about a match which took place the day before yesterday. Apply indirect speech and pay attention to the consistency of tense.