Читать книгу Chemical Process Engineering Volume 1 - A. Kayode Coker - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The Excel Goal Seek Window.Figure 1.2 The Excel Solver parameters Window.Figure 1.3 Snapshot of the Excel calculations.Figure 1.4 A characteristic curve of power number as a function of Reynolds numb...Figure 1.5 Snapshot of the Excel calculations for the fluid flow experiment.Figure 1.6 Snapshot of the Excel calculations for the LINEST function.Figure 1.7 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations to determine the quant...Figure 1.8 Snapshot of the SOLVER parameters.Figure 1.9 Chemical reaction with recycles in four continuous stirred tanks.Figure 1.10 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations to determine exit con...Figure 1.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations to solve an implicit ...Figure 1.12 Snapshot of the Excel calculations for the interpolation.Figure 1.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for the solution of the set of dif...Figure 1.14 A new case in The UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell The ...Figure 1.15 A new component list in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywel...Figure 1.16 List of components in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell ...Figure 1.17 List of components in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell ...Figure 1.18 A fluid package tab in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell...Figure 1.19 The choice of equation of state in UniSim Design software (Courtesy ...Figure 1.20 Simulation Basis Manager in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.21 PFD window in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell UniSim D...Figure 1.22 Saving simulation in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell U...Figure 1.23 Stream property window in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeyw...Figure 1.24 Stream composition page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honey...Figure 1.25 Stream properties in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell U...Figure 1.26 Fly-By window for stream in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.27 Drag and define material stream in UniSim Design software (Courtesy ...Figure 1.28 Adding both streams in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell...Figure 1.29 Definition of streams in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywe...Figure 1.30 Addition of Set function in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.31 Definition of Set function in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...Figure 1.32 Adding source stream to Set function in UniSim Design software (Cour...Figure 1.33 Entering Set function data in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...Figure 1.34 Adding Mixer to define 1-Butanol stream in UniSim Design software (C...Figure 1.35 Simulation of Mixer unit operation to determine 1-Butanol stream in ...Figure 1.36 Adding Heater and Cooler to calculate bubble and dew points in UniSi...Figure 1.37 Pressure drop window for heater in UniSim Design software (Courtesy ...Figure 1.38 Bubble and dew points calculation window in UniSim Design software (...Figure 1.39 Variable window in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell Uni...Figure 1.40 Selection of variables from flowsheet in UniSim Design software (Cou...Figure 1.41 Case studies window in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell...Figure 1.42 Choice of dependent and independent variables for Case study in UniS...Figure 1.43 Adding the data for independent variable in UniSim Design software (...Figure 1.44 A plot of T-x-y diagram in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honey...Figure 1.45 Input composition page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeyw...Figure 1.46 Simulation of stream 1 in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeyw...Figure 1.47 Calculation of dew point pressure for stream 1 in UniSim Design soft...Figure 1.48 Calculation of bubble point pressure for stream 1 in UniSim Design s...Figure 1.49 Calculation of dew point temperature for stream 1 in UniSim Design s...Figure 1.50 Calculation of bubble point temperature for stream 1 in UniSim Desig...Figure 1.51 Addition of Separator to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of ...Figure 1.52 Design window of the Separator in UniSim Design software (Courtesy o...Figure 1.53 Worksheet/Conditions window for the Separator in UniSim Design softw...Figure 1.54 Variable Navigator page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honey...Figure 1.55 Choice of variable in the Variable Navigator page in UniSim Design s...Figure 1.56 DataBook/Case Studies page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...Figure 1.57 Independent Variable Setup for Case Studies in UniSim Design softwar...Figure 1.58 A plot of ethane mol flow in vapor stream versus temperature in UniS...Figure 1.59 Setting the duty of the Separator in UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.60 Adjusting drum temperature to reach 50 % liquid in UniSim Design sof...Figure 1.61 Adding the Adjust function to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.62 Addition of Spreadsheet to define new variable in UniSim Design soft...Figure 1.63 Adding Imported Variables to Spreadsheet in UniSim Design software (...Figure 1.64 Calculation of the liquid to feed ratio in the spreadsheet of UniSim...Figure 1.65 Setting and calculating the Adjust function in the spreadsheet of Un...Figure 1.66 Monitoring the adjusted variable in the Adjust function of UniSim De...Figure 1.67 Adding Dimethylsulphide from library to simulation in UniSim Design ...Figure 1.68 Definition of the mol fraction of Dimethylsulphide in Worksheet/Comp...Figure 1.69 Adding variables in DataBook in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of ...Figure 1.70 Setting the range of the independent variable for Case Studies in Un...Figure 1.71 A plot of surface tension versus temperature in UniSim Design softwa...Figure 1.72 Extracting Vapor Pressure Coefficients from the Basis object in Data...Figure 1.73 Antoine vapour pressure formula from the scope navigator in UniSim D...Figure 1.74 Antoine vapour pressure variables selection for the Spreadsheet in U...Figure 1.75 Antoine vapour pressure coefficients exported to Spreadsheet in UniS...Figure 1.76 Antoine vapour pressure formula used in Spreadsheet of UniSim Design...Figure 1.77 Sampling the vapor pressure of dimethylsulfide in the Spreadsheet ob...Figure 1.78 List of variables in the DataBook of UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.79 Choice of the dependent and independent variables in DataBook/Case S...Figure 1.80 Setting the range of the independent variable for Case Studies in Un...Figure 1.81 A plot of Vapor Pressure versus Temperature in UniSim Design softwar...Figure 1.82 Reactions Tab of the Simulation Basis Manager in UniSim Design softw...Figure 1.83 Adding Reaction to the Simulation Basis Manager in UniSim Design sof...Figure 1.84 Entering the Stoichiometry Information of Conversion Reaction in Uni...Figure 1.85 Adding the Basis Information of Conversion Reaction in UniSim Design...Figure 1.86 Adding the Reactions to the Reaction Set in UniSim Design software (...Figure 1.87 Activating the Reaction Set in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of H...Figure 1.88 Simulation Basis Manager/Reactions window in UniSim Design software ...Figure 1.89 Adding Set to the Fluid Package in UniSim Design software (Courtesy ...Figure 1.90 Add Reaction to FP in Simulation Basis Manager of UniSim Design soft...Figure 1.91 Tools/Preference window to change the Unit Set to Field in UniSim De...Figure 1.92 Selecting the Unit Sets in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honey...Figure 1.93 Definition of Stream 1 in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeyw...Figure 1.94 Input Composition window for Stream 1 in UniSim Design software (Cou...Figure 1.95 Worksheet/Properties page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hon...Figure 1.96 Adding Conversion reactor to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtesy...Figure 1.97 Conversion Reactor Design window in UniSim Design software (Courtesy...Figure 1.98 Reactions tab in the Conversion Reactor Design window in UniSim Desi...Figure 1.99 Worksheet/Conditions page in the Conversion Reactor Design window in...Figure 1.100 Design/Parameter page in the Conversion Reactor Design window in Un...Figure 1.101 Worksheet Properties page in the Conversion Reactor Design window i...Figure 1.102 Input Compositions page for Stream 1 in UniSim Design software (Cou...Figure 1.103 Adding R* stream to PDF in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.104 Defining R* stream in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell...Figure 1.105 Adding the Mixer to PDF in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.106 Simulation of the Mixer in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.107 Adding the Compressor to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of...Figure 1.108 Compressor Design/Connection page in UniSim Design software (Courte...Figure 1.109 Simulation of the Compressor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of...Figure 1.110 Adding the Heater to PDF in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hon...Figure 1.111 The Heater Design/Connection page in UniSim Design software (Courte...Figure 1.112 The Heater Design/Parameters page in UniSim Design software (Courte...Figure 1.113 The Heater Design/Worksheet page in UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.114 Adding the Reactor to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...Figure 1.115 Reactor Design/Connection page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy ...Figure 1.116 Reactor Reactions/Details in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...Figure 1.117 Reactor Worksheet/Conditions page in UniSim Design software (Courte...Figure 1.118 Adding Component Splitter to PDF in UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.119 Splitter Design/Connections page in UniSim Design software (Courtes...Figure 1.120 Splitter Design/Splits page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of ...Figure 1.121 Simulation of the Splitter in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of H...Figure 1.122 Adding the Flow Splitter (TEE) to PFD in UniSim Design software (Co...Figure 1.123 TEE Design/Connection page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of H...Figure 1.124 TEE Design/Parameters page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of H...Figure 1.125 Adding Recycle Stream to PFD in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of...Figure 1.126 Recycle Connections page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hon...Figure 1.127 Recycle simulation page in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Hone...Figure 1.128 Simulation of the Process in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Ho...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the density of water as...Figure 2.2 Snapshot of calculating the density of water as a function of tempera...Figure 2.3 Liquid density of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.4 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the viscosity of wa...Figure 2.5 Snapshot of calculating the viscosity of water as a function of tempe...Figure 2.6 Liquid viscosity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.7 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the heat capacity o...Figure 2.8 Snapshot of calculating the heat capacity of water as a function of t...Figure 2.9 Liquid heat capacity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.10 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the thermal conductivi...Figure 2.11 Snapshot of calculating the thermal conductivity of water as a funct...Figure 2.12 Thermal conductivity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the volumetric exp...Figure 2.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the vapor pressure...Figure 2.15 Snapshot of calculating the vapor pressure of water as a function of...Figure 2.16 Vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.17 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the gas viscosity.Figure 2.18 Snapshot of calculating the viscosity of ethane as a function of tem...Figure 2.19 Snapshot of calculating the thermal conductivity of propane as a fun...Figure 2.20 Thermal conductivity of propane as a function of temperature.Figure 2.21 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating of C°p gases for ca...Figure 2.22 Snapshot of calculating the C°p of carbon dioxide as a function of t...Figure 2.23 Vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.24 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the surface tensio...Figure 2.25 Snapshot of calculating the surface tension of water as a function o...Figure 2.26 Surface tension of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.27 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating of μmix of a mixtur...Figure 2.28 Snapshot of estimating the viscosity of mixture by the UniSim Design...Figure 2.29 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating ∆H°f of methane as ...Figure 2.30 Snapshot of calculating the ∆H°f of methane as a function of tempera...Figure 2.31 Heat of formation of methane as a function of temperature.Figure 2.32 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating ΔHV of water as a ...Figure 2.33 Snapshot of calculating the enthalpy of vaporization of water as a f...Figure 2.34 Enthalpy of vaporization of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.35 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating and plotting Gibbs...Figure 2.36 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating Gibbs energy for c...Figure 2.37 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating Henry’s law consta...Figure 2.38 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the thermal expans...Figure 2.39 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating the diffusion coeff...Figure 2.40 Snapshot of estimating the diffusion coefficient of CO-CO2 mixture b...Figure 2.41 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating diffusion coeffici...Figure 2.42 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating the Z factor of nat...Figure 2.43 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet and UniSim Design software Data of...Figure 2.44 Snapshot of calculating Sg for gas three gas compositions by the Uni...Figure 2.45 Snapshot of estimating Z factor as a function of pressure by the Uni...Figure 2.46 Compressibility factor of natural gas as a function of pressure.Figure 2.47 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the solubility of ...Figure 2.48 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for the solubility for methane, pr...Figure 2.49 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the solubility of ...Figure 2.50 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the adsorption capacit...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Chemical plant piping layout. Source: I. Chem E. safer piping trainin...Figure 3.2 Distribution of fluid energy in a pipeline.Figure 3.3 Fluid flow through a heat exchanger, relief valve, and tail pipe.Figure 3.4 Energy aspects of a single-stream piping system.Figure 3.5 Baker parameters for two-phase flow regimes with modified boundaries....Figure 3.6 Flow regimes in horizontal flow.Figure 3.7 Lockhart-Martinelli pressure drop correlation. Source: Lockhart and M...Figure 3.8 Piping layout.Figure 3.9 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations including input data, ...Figure 3.10 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the calculation o...Figure 3.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.17 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.18 PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell UniSim ...Figure 3.19 Sizing properties of PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Horizontal knockout drum.Figure 4.2 Vertical knockout drum.Figure 4.3 A cyclone: design configurations.Figure 4.4 Design vapor velocity factor for vertical vapor-liquid separators at ...Figure 4.5 Dimesion of a vertical separator.Figure 4.6 Area of the segment.Figure 4.7 Nomograph to find segmental area for liquid holding time.Figure 4.8 Percentage removal of particles as a function of particle diameter re...Figure 4.9 Solid desiccant dehydrator twin tower system. Courtesy of Gas Process...Figure 4.10 Pressure drop for an 8 mesh silica gel desiccant (by permission Oil ...Figure 4.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for both separators.Figure 4.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for vapor rise.Figure 4.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for tank volumes.Figure 4.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for total weight of v...Figure 4.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for cyclone removal e...Figure 4.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the dryer design.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Examples of flow meters.Figure 5.2 Orifice discharge coefficient for square-edge orifice and flange, cor...Figure 5.3 Concentric square-edge orifice specifications (Source: Miller, 1983)....Figure 5.4 Orifice pressure tap locations. 2 ½ D and 8D pipe taps are not recomm...Figure 5.5 UniSim Design software screenshot of R480. Build 23047 window (Courte...Figure 5.6 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list from the...Figure 5.7 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list view com...Figure 5.8 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Simulation Basis Manage...Figure 5.9 UniSim Design software screenshot showing Peng-Robinson from the prop...Figure 5.10 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Tools variables from t...Figure 5.11 UniSim Design software screenshot showing variables tab with SI unit...Figure 5.12 Process flow diagram screenshot of the simulation environment window...Figure 5.13 Process flow diagram screenshot showing 1, RV-100 and 2 streams of c...Figure 5.14 Process flow diagram screenshot of 1, RV-100 and 2 streams showing t...Figure 5.15 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.16 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.17 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.18 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.19 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.20 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.21 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.22 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.23 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.24 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.25 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.26 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.27 PFD screenshot of the Print Datasheet from the list of variables (Co...Figure 5.28 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing available ...Figure 5.29 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing tables of ...Figure 5.30 Results of orifice restriction sizing of case study 1 (Courtesy of U...Figure 5.31A A globe valve.Figure 5.31B A globe valve with cage-style trim.Figure 5.32 Throttling valve plug and orifice.Figure 5.33 Control valve flow characteristics.Figure 5.34 Pressure profile across the throttling valve.Figure 5.35 New case of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy of Un...Figure 5.36 Component list of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy...Figure 5.37 H2O from the components available in the library (Courtesy of UniSim...Figure 5.38 Fluid package screenshot from fluid Pkgs tab (Courtesy of UniSim Des...Figure 5.39 Screenshot of ASME steam from the fluid Pkg (Courtesy of UniSim Desi...Figure 5.40 Screenshot of the PFD of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Courtesy of ...Figure 5.41 Screenshot of the material streams and control valve from the palett...Figure 5.42 Screenshot of streams F1 and F2 connection with the control valve VL...Figure 5.43 Screenshot of the worksheet of material stream F1 in the PFD (Courte...Figure 5.44 Screenshot of the components with H2O as the mole fraction of 1.0 (C...Figure 5.45 Screenshot of material streams F1 and F2 and valve VLV-100 (Courtesy...Figure 5.46 Screenshot of the convergence of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Cour...Figure 5.47 Screenshot of show table of material stream F1 (Courtesy of UniSim D...Figure 5.48 Screenshot of the tables of F1, F2 and VLV-100 at 60% percentage ope...Figure 5.49 Screenshot to add variables to material streams F1 and F2 (Courtesy ...Figure 5.50 Screenshot to add variable to material stream F1 and F2 (Courtesy of...Figure 5.51 Screenshot of the percentage opening of 50% of VLV-100 control valve...Figure 5.52 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 50% (Cou...Figure 5.53 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 100% (Co...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Centrifugal pump increases process head by adding energy to a fluid. ...Figure 6.2 Turbine pump (Courtesy of Roth Pump Co.).Figure 6.3 Head required to produce similar pressures is higher for lower densit...Figure 6.4 Impeller types Open impeller for corrosive or abrasive slurries and s...Figure 6.5 Stuffing box details lined pump with porcelain or Teflon® shaft sleev...Figure 6.6 General service centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Dean Brothers Pumps, In...Figure 6.7 Cut-a-way section of single-stage pump Part 1 (above) enclosed type i...Figure 6.8 Comparison of impeller types for centrifugal pump performance (Adapte...Figure 6.9 Performance of turbine type centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Roy E. Roth...Figure 6.10 Characteristics of a centrifugal pump are described by the pump perf...Figure 6.11 Impeller performance guide. Wrap refers to curvature of vanes on imp...Figure 6.12 Motor driven centrifugal pump for the pre-flashed crude in the crude...Figure 6.13 Main distillation tower and a mild vacuum column with associated cen...Figure 6.14a Typical centrifugal pump curves (Adapted by permission from Allis-C...Figure 6.14b Typical performance curves showing NPSHR in convenient form (By per...Figure 6.14c Exact same pump casing and impellers at different shaft speeds (By ...Figure 6.15a Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 43.3 psig on p...Figure 6.15b Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 3.0 barg on pr...Figure 6.16 Suction head system.Figure 6.17 Suction lift system.Figure 6.18 Static pressure losses occur as the fluid travels into the pump suct...Figure 6.19 NPSHA equals 20 ft. [27].Figure 6.20 NPSHR increases with flow [27].Figure 6.21 Subcooling increases NPSHA [27].Figure 6.22 (a) Cavitation damage has occurred on an impeller and (b) Erosion - ...Figure 6.23 Liquid vortex in vessel and suggested design of vortex breaker.Figure 6.24 NPSH reductions for pumps handling hydrocarbon liquids and high temp...Figure 6.25 Head, NPSHR vs. flow rate [25].Figure 6.26 Net Positive Suction Head for High Pressure Centrifugal Hot – Water ...Figure 6.27 Temperature Correction Chart for Net Positive Suction Head Requireme...Figure 6.28 Impeller designs and corresponding specific speed range (By permissi...Figure 6.29 Upper limits of specific speeds for single suction overhung impeller...Figure 6.30 Upper limits of specific speeds for single suction, mixed and axial ...Figure 6.31 Typical centrifugal pump characteristic curve with auxiliary specifi...Figure 6.32 System head curves for single pump installation.Figure 6.33 Typical suction systems.Figure 6.34 Typical discharge systems.Figure 6.35 System head curves for variable static head.Figure 6.36 System head using two different pipe sizes in the same line.Figure 6.37 Relation of seed change to pump characteristics.Figure 6.38 Piping and equipment layout for the suction and discharge lines to t...Figure 6.39 Process flow diagram of the debutanizer pump accumulator unit 1000.Figure 6.40 Excel spreadsheet pump calculation sheet of Example 6.9 (In Excel Fo...Figure 6.41 Pump efficiency calculation at varying flow rate for a 6-in. impelle...Figure 6.42 Pump efficiency calculation at varying flow rate for an 8-in. impell...Figure 6.43a Centrifugal pump specification.Figure 6.43b Centrifugal pump calculation.Figure 6.44 General service duplex steam – driven piston pump (Courtesy of Worth...Figure 6.45 Duplex double – acting plunger pump, power driven (Courtesy of Worth...Figure 6.46 Reciprocating pump discharge flow patterns (Courtesy of the Aldrich ...Figure 6.47 Horizontal direct-acting steam pump or power pump.Figure 6.48 A conceptual diagram of P-100 with the variables.Figure 6.49 PFD of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Design R443, Honeywell...Figure 6.50 Head vs flow rate of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Design R...Figure 6.51 Efficiency vs. flow rate of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim D...Figure 6.52 Screenshot of the PFD of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Desi...Figure 6.53 Screenshot of the Simulation results of centrifugal pump P-100 (Cour...Figure 6.54 80 Screenshot of the Process flow diagram of the piping network from...Figure 6.55 Screenshot of the Isometric diagram of the piping network from the s...Figure 6.56 Screenshot of the Centrifugal pump characteristics curves (Source: P...Figure 6.57 Screenshot of the Pump data sheet of N-S centrifugal pump (Source: P...Figure 6.58a General areas of compressing equipment application (Source: De Jard...Figure 6.58b Approximate ranges of application for usual process reciprocating c...Figure 6.58c Typical application ranges for turbocompressor capabilities extend ...Figure 6.58d Basic compressor types (Used by permission: Coker, A. K. Hydrocarbo...Figure 6.58e Types of compressors.Figure 6.59 Reciprocating compressor specifications.Figure 6.60 Ideal pressure – volume cylinder action for single acting compressor...Figure 6.61a Reciprocating compressor compression diagrams. Actual losses and ef...Figure 6.61b Illustration of isentropic path on log pressure-enthalpy diagram, s...Figure 6.61c Section of ethane pressure-enthalpy diagram illustrating five compr...Figure 6.62 Generalized compressibility factor.Figure 6.63a–c Deviations from the ideal gas law.Figure 6.63d Typical compressor aliments and how they look on P-T diagrams (Used...Figure 6.64a Combined indicator cards from a two-stage compressor showing how cy...Figure 6.64b Effects of clearance volume on performance efficiency of reciprocat...Figure 6.65 Loss factor curve (Used by permission: Cooper-Cameron Corporation.).Figure 6.66 Chart for solving theoretical work of compression or expansion (Used...Figure 6.67a Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.67b Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.67c Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.68 Compression temperature rise (Used by permission: Rice, W. T., Chemi...Figure 6.69 UniSim Design Software Desktop (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 H...Figure 6.70 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.71 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.72 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.73 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.74 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.75 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.76 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.77 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.78 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.79 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.80 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.81 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.82 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.83 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.84 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.85 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.86 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.87 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.88 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.89 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.90 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.91 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.92 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.93 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.94 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.95 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.96 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.97 Centrifugal compressor specifications.Figure 6.98 Ratio of specific heats (n-1)/n (Used by permission: Dresser-Rand Co...Figure 6.99 Specific volume chart (Used by permission: (c) Elliot Co.).Figure 6.100 Relationship between adiabatic and polytropic efficiencies (Used by...Figure 6.101 Polytropic to adiabatic efficiency conversion (Used by permission: ...Figure 6.102 Comparative efficiencies of a 1,550 bhp centrifugal compressor base...Figure 6.103 Approximate head selection (Used by permission: Elliot (R) Co.).Figure 6.104 Brake horsepower per million ft3 per day for compressors as a funct...Figure 6.105 Correction factor for compressor bhp/million ft3 per day at 14.7 ps...Figure 6.106 Polytropic compressor discharge temperature (Used by permission: El...Figure 6.107 Sonic velocity of common gases (Used by permission: Koenig, C. F.II...Figure 6.108 Uncooled compressor relationship between adiabatic efficiency and p...Figure 6.109 Reciprocating compressor efficiencies.Figure 6.110 Screenshot of the Simulation Basis Manager window of Example 6.14 (...Figure 6.111 Screenshot of Component List View Component List -1 of Example 6.14...Figure 6.112 Screenshot of Fluid Package of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, Honeywell Pr...Figure 6.113 Screenshot of Composition tab of Worksheet windown of Example 6.14 ...Figure 6.114 Screenshot of Connection tab in Design tab of Example 6.14 (Courtes...Figure 6.115 Screenshot of Parameter tab of Design of Compressor of Example 6.14...Figure 6.116 Screenshot of Conditions tab of Worksheet tab of Design of Example ...Figure 6.117 Screenshot of Worksheet tab of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, Honeywell Pr...Figure 6.118 Screenshot of the process flow diagram of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, H...Figure 6.119 Screenshot of the Performance tab showing the results of Example 6....

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 X-Y diagram for a binary system.Figure 7.2 Continuous equilibrium flash fractionation.Figure 7.3 Nutter Engineering MTS-109 multi-pan two-stage liquid distributor, co...Figure 7.4 Nutter ring random packing. Courtesy of Nutter Engineering.Figure 7.5 Flow through vapor passages, (a) Vapor flow through bubble cap, (b) v...Figure 7.6 Plots of tray spacing. vs. ratio of surface tension to vapor density....Figure 7.7 Dimensions of downcomer types. By permission of Nutter Engineering.Figure 7.8 Area distribution for different pass types. By permission of Nutter E...Figure 7.9 Packed tower and internals. By permission of Chemical Engineering. Pr...Figure 7.10 Correlation of flow rate and pressure drop in packed towers. Source:...Figure 7.11 Fractionation column with a reboiler and refluxing auxiliaries.Figure 7.12 A typical tray stability diagram.Figure 7.13 Adverse vapor/liquid flow conditions.Figure 7.14 Linear coordinates based on Gilliland’s correlation.Figure 7.15 Logarithmic coordinates based on Gilliland’s correlation.Figure 7.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for dew point calcula...Figure 7.17 Snapshot of the UniSim Design simulator for dew point calculations (...Figure 7.18 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for dew point.Figure 7.19 Snapshot of the UniSim Design simulator for dew point calculations (...Figure 7.20 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet program for bubble and dew point c...Figure 7.21 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculation for the multicomponent...Figure 7.22 Snapshot of the UniSim Design simulator for flash calculations (Cour...Figure 7.23 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculation for absorber sizing.Figure 7.24 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculation for the packed tower.Figure 7.25 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculation for the packed tower.Figure 7.26 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the recoveries of...Figure 7.27 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the minimum numbe...Figure 7.28 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the actual number...Figure 7.29 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the optimum locat...Figure 7.30 Snapshot of the UniSim Design flowsheet shortcut distillation (Court...