Читать книгу The Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference - Leslie Fife, Aaron Kraus - Страница 18

It is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of security controls to determine if they are providing sufficient risk mitigation. Assessment, testing, and auditing are methods presented in this domain that allow a security practitioner to identify deficiencies in the security program and prioritize remedial activities.

Assessment and testing can be performed as an internal or external function; while both are appropriate for monitoring security program status, there are situations that require external evaluations. For instance, third-party audits are common in situations where an assessment must be conducted that is free of any conflict of interest. External audit reports, such as the Service Organization Control or SOC 2, can be useful for organizations to communicate details of their security practices to external parties like vendors or business partners. In this case, the auditor's independence from the audited organization provides additional assurance to consumers of the report.

Ethical penetration testing and related technical testing topics are presented in this domain, including test coverage and breach attack simulations. These types of tests can be conducted against a range of targets from individual information systems to entire organizations and are a valuable tool to identify deficiencies in security controls. The disclosure and handling of any findings from such testing is also discussed, including legal and ethical implications of information that might be discovered.

An ongoing assessment and testing program is also useful for establishing continuous monitoring and supporting compliance needs. Properly designed and implemented strategies for testing security controls, vulnerabilities, and attack simulations measure the effectiveness of the organization's existing control program. Any identified deficiencies must be addressed to ensure adequate risk management.