Читать книгу Applications and Metrology at Nanometer Scale 1 - Bouchaib Radi, Ghias Kharmanda, Michel Ledoux - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Various spatial and temporal scales in materials sciences. For a col...Figure 1.2. The stages of spin coating technique: a) deposition of volume, b) sp...Figure 1.3. Cathode sputtering. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste...Figure 1.4. Schematic representation of laser ablation deposition setup. For a c...Figure 1.5. Ellipsometry-based in situ control of thin-film growth. For a color ...Figure 1.6. Variation with temperature of a) cos (∆) and b) tan (Ψ)Figure 1.7. Ellipsometric parameters of a film of TiO2 on SiO2 by laser ablation...Figure 1.8. E.H. Synge experimental setup. For a color version of this figure, s...Figure 1.9. Diagram of a SNOM by transmission in constant force mode. For a colo...Figure 1.10. Diagram of transmission SNOM in shear mode. For a color version of ...Figure 1.11. Electron microscope: TEM and MEB modes. For a color version of this...Figure 1.12. Diffraction images obtained by TEM for SmFeO3 samples deposited at:...Figure 1.13. TEM diffraction images for SmFeO3 films deposited at: a) 785°C and ...Figure 1.14. SmFeO film deposited at TD = 915°C: a) protuberances between 150 an...Figure 1.15. AFM operating principleFigure 1.16. Atomic force microscopeFigure 1.17. Topology of the deposition surfaces of SmFeO3 on quartz (P = 50 mTo...Figure 1.18. Topology of deposition surfaces of SmFeO3 on quartz (T = 920°C) for...Figure 1.19. Principle of FTIR spectroscopy, and the cell of measurement in ATR....Figure 1.20. Absorption spectra of silicone gels B (1–4) and M (1–3). For a colo...Figure 1.21. Combined thermal cycling (T: -45 at 95°C) and humidity cycling (HR:...Figure 1.22. Thermal cycling (T: -45 at 95°C) in HALT. For a color version of th...Figure 1.23. Thermal cycling in a furnaceFigure 1.24. ATR spectra of M of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/dahoo/metrology...Figure 1.25. ATR spectra of B-type polymers. For a color version of this figure,...Figure 1.26. ATR difference spectra for M-type polymers. For a color version of ...Figure 1.27. ATR difference spectra for B-type polymers. For a color version of ...Figure 1.28. Kirchhoff integral on a surface Σ passing through a point M enclosi...Figure 1.29. Schematic of the diffraction by an aperture scanned by M in a plane...Figure 1.30. Diffraction amplitude distribution by a circular aperture. For a co...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Distribution of the normal law. For a color version of this figure, ...Figure 2.2. Beam fixed at both endsFigure 2.3. Mean shift of the center of the beamFigure 2.4. Standard deviation of the center of the beamFigure 2.5. Histogram of the constraint on the brazing joint. For a color versio...Figure 2.6. Density of the constraint on the brazing joint. For a color version ...Figure 2.7. Density of the initial constraint (red) and the optimized constraint...Figure 2.8. Mass–spring–shock absorber systemFigure 2.9. Mean value of the shift xu(t) for the interval method (blue) and the...Figure 2.10. Two-dimensional frameFigure 2.11. Mean value of the shift as a function of timeFigure 2.12. Standard deviation of the shift as a function of timeFigure 2.13. Mesh structureFigure 2.14. Mean value of the module of the transfer functionFigure 2.15. Linear oscillator under studyFigure 2.16. Standard deviation of the module of the shift response

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Light–matter interaction. For a color version of this figure, see ww...Figure 3.2. Rectangular waveguideFigure 3.3. Antenna at the center of a spherical reference system: definition of...Figure 3.4. Wire antenna. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk...Figure 3.5. Electric field strength radiated by the wire antenna in the plane de...Figure 3.6. Power radiated by the wire antenna in the plane defined by the verti...Figure 3.7. Block of four 5G antennas operating at 3.5 GHz installed above 4G an...Figure 3.8. Schematic diagram of a patch antenna: a) top view of the rectangle c...Figure 3.9. Network of N current-supplied antennas. For a color version of this ...Figure 3.10. Delays applied to the N antennas of the network. For a color versio...Figure 3.11. Applied delay. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co....Figure 3.12. Radiation diagram E(θ)² of a network of eight antennas as a functio...Figure 3.13. Radiation diagram E(θ)² of a network of eight antennas as a functio...Figure 3.14. Radiation diagram E(θ)² of a network of eight antennas as a functio...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. 3D diamond structure of fcc type and 2D graphite structure of plane ...Figure 4.2. The three elements of a smart system. For a color version of this fi...Figure 4.3. Zero electrical response of an aluminum beam to a mechanical excitat...Figure 4.4. Non-zero response of a piezoelectric beam to mechanical excitationFigure 4.5. Surface polarization of quartz under mechanical strainFigure 4.6. The various displacements of the translational vector u(r) in a mate...Figure 4.7. Stress tensor σik corresponding to the component k of the force F pe...Figure 4.8. Octahedral and dodecahedral sites of CaTiO3 perovskite with ABO3 str...Figure 4.9. Poling of a ferroelectric material. For a color version of this figu...Figure 4.10. Shape memory alloy development processFigure 4.11. Displacement vectors to calculate the strain tensor in 2DFigure 4.12. Diagram of a piezoelectric accelerometerFigure 4.13. Diagram of a piezoelectric transducerFigure 4.14. Piezoelectric layerFigure 4.15. a) Zero forces and b) zero strainFigure 4.16. a) Piezoelectric sensor and b) piezoelectric layerFigure 4.17. Piezoelectric double layerFigure 4.18. a) Piezoelectric double layer and b) bending of layersFigure A.1. Kirchhoff’s integral over a surface Σ passing through a point M surr...Figure A.2. Diagram of diffraction in a plane containing P through a slit contai...Figure A.3. Distribution of the diffraction amplitude through a circular hole. F...