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Главная Авторы Adrian Becker Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth

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Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Страница 7Страница 8Страница 9Страница 10Страница 11Страница 12Страница 13Страница 14 Preface to the Fourth Edition Страница 16 1 General Principles Related to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted Teeth Dental age Assessing dental age in the clinical setting – the Jerusalem method When is a tooth considered to be impacted? Impacted teeth and local space loss Whose problem? The timing of the surgical intervention Patient motivation and the orthodontic option References 2 The Logistics of Orthodontic Treatment for Impacted Teeth The anchor unit Attachments Lasso wires Threaded pins Orthodontic bands Bonded attachments Standard orthodontic brackets A simple eyelet or button Intermediaries/connectors Elastic ties and modules versus auxiliary springs Temporary anchorage devices Bone anchor screw Zygomatic plate Ankylotic, infra‐occluded, implanted or otherwise non‐movable teeth as bone anchors Magnets References 3 Biomechanics for Aligning Ectopic Teeth Basic principles Statically determinate and statically indeterminate systems Consistent and inconsistent systems Appliances The active units Cantilevers Cantilever for extrusion of buccal displaced canines Cantilever for extrusion and buccal movement of palatally displaced canines Composite TPA TMA cantilever Stainless steel TPA cantilever combination Cantilevers used as uprighting springs Ballista springs/torsion springs Elastics NiTi closed‐coil springs NiTi open‐coil springs Using continuous NiTi wires Creative wire bending using V bends between anchorage unit and ectopic tooth Root springs (alpha–beta springs) Torqueing auxiliaries/torque application Anchorage Useful adjuncts Appendix: Colour code convention for moments and forces References 4 Diagnostic Imaging for Impacted Teeth Planar radiography Periapical radiographs Occlusal radiographs Mandibular arch Maxillary arch Maxillary anterior occlusal True (vertex) occlusal Extra‐oral radiographs Three‐dimensional diagnosis of tooth position Parallax method Radiographic views at right angles Standardization Computerized tomography Cone beam computerized tomography Cone beam computed tomography technology Processing the scanned information 3D module Case 1: Ways of imaging and their effect on tooth size Case 2: Peeling, clipping and sculpting Automatic tooth segmentation Multi‐planar reconstruction Case 3: Diagnosing Resorption Case 4: Multi‐planar reconstruction for an incisor that is almost horizontal Inferior dental canal marking Case 5: Inter‐relations between the inferior dental canal and the first molar ALARA This leads us to explain the term ALARA – and what it means in practice [30]. References 5 Surgical Exposure of Impacted Teeth A brief history of surgery in relation to the treatment of impacted teeth Aims of surgery for impacted teeth Surgical intervention without orthodontic treatment Exposure only Exposure with pack Exposure with pressure pack The surgical elimination of pathology Soft tissue lesions Hard tissue obstruction Infra‐occlusion The principles of the surgical exposure of impacted teeth The open eruption technique The closed eruption technique Initiation of traction Speed of eruption The final treatment outcome A Cochrane Collaboration systematic review Partial and full‐flap closure on the palatal side The relief of crowding to reduce canine displacement A conservative attitude to the dental follicle Pathological pressure necrosis Bone graft and the impacted canine Quality‐of‐life issues following surgical exposure Cooperation between surgeon and orthodontist The team approach to attachment bonding References {buyButton}

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