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| MAP OF WESTERN CANADA | Frontispiece |
| VIKING SHIP RECENTLY DISCOVERED After a photograph of the Viking Ship at Sandefjord, Norway. | 2 |
| MAP SHOWING DIVISION OF THE NEW WORLD BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL | 3 |
| A TYPICAL "HOLE IN THE WALL" AT "KITTY VIDDY," NEAR ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND From a photograph. | 4 |
| SEBASTIAN CABOT After the portrait attributed to Holbein. | 5 |
| JACQUES CARTIER After the portrait at St. Malo, France, with signature. | 8 |
| WHERE THE FISHER HAMLETS NOW NESTLE, NEWFOUNDLAND From a photograph. | 9 |
| ANCIENT HOCHELAGA After a cut in the third volume of Ramusio's Raccolta, Venice, 1565. | 15 |
| THE "DAUPHIN MAP" OF CANADA, CIRCA 1543, SHOWING CARTIER'S DISCOVERIES | 21 |
| QUEEN ELIZABETH After the ermine portrait in Hatfield House, with signature. | 25 |
| THE BOYHOOD OF GILBERT AND RALEIGH From the painting by Sir John Millais. | 26 |
| SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT After the print in Holland's Herwologia-Anglica, 1620. | 27 |
| SIR WALTER RALEIGH After the portrait in the possession of the Duchess of Dorset. | 29 |
| AT EASTERN ENTRANCE TO HUDSON STRAITS From a photograph by Dominion Geological Survey. | 31 |
| HUDSON COAT OF ARMS From Lenox Collection, New York City. | 32 |
| THE FANTASTIC ROCKS OF GASPÉ From a photograph. | 33 |
| SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN After the Moncornet portrait, with signature. | 34 |
| PORT ROYAL OR ANNAPOLIS BASIN, 1609 From Lescarbot's map. | 36 |
| BUILDINGS ON STE. CROIX ISLAND From Les Voyages du Sieur de Champlain, Paris, 1613. | 38 |
| PORT ROYAL From the same. | 43 |
| TADOUSSAC From the same. | 45 |
| DEFEAT OF THE IROQUOIS From the same. | 47 |
| THE ONONDAGA FORT From the same. | 55 |
| VIEW OF QUEBEC From the same. | 56 |
| QUEBEC From the same. | 59 |
| SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER After an engraved portrait by Marshall. | 62 |
| MAP SHOWING LA TOUR'S POSSESSIONS IN ACADIA | 64 |
| CARDINAL RICHELIEU After the portrait by Philippe de Champaigne | 66 |
| MAP OF ANNAPOLIS BASIN | 69 |
| MADAME DE LA PELTRIE After a picture in the Ursuline Convent, Quebec. | 73 |
| PIERRE LE JEUNE From an engraving in Winsor's America, after an old print. | 80 |
| GEORGIAN BAY From a photograph by A. G. Alexander. | 84 |
| BRÉBEUF From a bust in silver at Quebec. | 89 |
| REMNANTS OF WALLS OF FORT ST. MARY ON CHRISTIAN ISLAND IN 1891 After a photograph reproduced in Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records. | 91 |
| MAP OF THE GREAT LAKES, SHOWING THE TERRITORY OF THE JESUIT HURON MISSIONS Bellin's map, 1744. | 92 |
| A CANADIAN ON SNOWSHOES From La Potherie's Histoire de l'Amerique Septentrionale, Paris, 1753. | 96 |
| SAUSON'S MAP, 1656 | 99 |
| TITLE-PAGE—JESUIT RELATION OF 1662–1663 | 111 |
| THE JESUIT MAP OF LAKE SUPERIOR From the Relation, of 1670–1671. | 112 |
| CHARLES II After the miniature portrait by Cooper, with signature. | 114 |
| PLAN OF MONTREAL IN 1672 From Quebec Historical Society Papers and Records. | 119 |
| LA SALLE'S HOUSE NEAR MONTREAL From a photograph. | 120 |
| KITCHEN, CHÂTEAU DE RAMEZAY, MONTREAL From a photograph. | 120 |
| LAVAL After the portrait in Laval University, Quebec. | 122 |
| A MAP IN THE RELATION OF 1662–1663 | 126 |
| GALINÉE'S MAP OF THE GREAT LAKES, 1669 | 129 |
| ROBERT DE LA SALLE After an engraved portrait said to be preserved in the Bibliothèque de Rouen, with signature. | 135 |
| OLD PLAN OF FORT FRONTENAC From Mémoirs sur le Canada, Quebec, 1873. | 136 |
| THE BUILDING OF THE GRIFFON From Father Hennepin's Nouvelle Découverte, Amsterdam, 1704. | 138 |
| PRINCE RUPERT After the painting by Sir P. Lely. | 145 |
| MAP OF HUDSON BAY | 147 |
| CONTEMPORARY FRENCH MAP OF HUDSON BAY AND VICINITY From La Potherie's Histoire de l'Amerique Septentrionale. | 155 |
| LE MOYNE D'IBERVILLE After a portrait in Margry's Découvertes Établissemens. | 157 |
| FORT FRONTENAC AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRY From The London Magazine, 1758. | 164 |
| WILLIAM OF ORANGE After the portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, with signature. | 166 |
| QUEBEC, 1689 From La Potherie's Histoire de l'Amérique Septentrionale. | 172 |
| FRENCH SOLDIER OF THE PERIOD After a cut in Massachusetts Archives, Documents collected in France, 111, 3. | 174 |
| SIR WILLIAM PHIPS After an accepted likeness reproduced in Winsor's America. | 176 |
| COUNT FRONTENAC From the statue by Hébert at Quebec. | 178 |
| CASTLE ST. LOUIS After a cut in Hawkins' Pictures of Quebec, Quebec, 1834. | 180 |
| ATTACK ON QUEBEC, 1690 From La Hontan's Mémoires, 1709. | 181 |
| CASTLE ST. LOUIS, QUEBEC From Sulte's Canadiens Français, viii. | 183 |
| PLAN OF QUEBEC From Franquelin, 1683. | 184 |
| LANDING OF IBERVILLE'S MEN AT PORT NELSON From La Potherie's Histoire de l'Amérique Septentrionale. | 186 |
| CAPTURE OF FORT NELSON BY THE FRENCH From the same. | 187 |
| CONTEMPORARY MAP, 1689 From La Hontan. | 191 |
| HERTEL DE ROUVILLE After a portrait in Daniel's Nos Gloires Nationales. | 193 |
| CONTEMPORARY PLAN OF PORT ROYAL BASIN From Bellin's map, 1744. | 199 |
| PAUL MASCARENE After a portrait in Savary's edition of Calnek's Annapolis. | 201 |
| LA VÉRENDRYE'S FORTS AND THE RIVER OF THE WEST After Jeffery's map, 1762. | 207 |
| MAP PUBLISHED IN PARIS IN 1752 SHOWING THE SUPPOSED SEA OF THE WEST From the Mémoire presented to the Academy of Sciences at Paris by Buache, August, 1752. | 209 |
| MAP SHOWING THE SUPPOSED SEA OF THE WEST, WITH APPROACHES TO THE MISSISSIPPI AND GREAT LAKES, PARIS, 1755 From the same. | 211 |
| WILLIAM PEPPERRELL After the portrait by Smibert. | 217 |
| RUINS OF THE FORTIFICATIONS AT LOUISBURG From a recent photograph. | 219 |
| CONTEMPORARY PLAN OF THE ATTACK ON LOUISBURG After a plan reproduced in Winsor's America. | 221 |
| FORT HALIFAX, 1755 (Restoration) | 222 |
| CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF OSWEGO From Smith's History of the Province of New York. | 223 |
| GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE OF VIRGINIA After a portrait by Ramsay. | 225 |
| TITLE-PAGE OF WASHINGTON'S JOURNAL | 227 |
| A SKETCH OF THE FIELD OF BATTLE AT BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT From a contemporary manuscript in the Library of Harvard University. | 229 |
| PLAN OF FORT BEAUSEJOUR From Mante's History of the Late War in North America. | 230 |
| GENERAL MONCKTON After a mezzotint in the Library of the American Antiquarian Society. | 232 |
| GENERAL JOHN WINSLOW After the portrait in Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, Massachusetts. | 234 |
| MAP OF ACADIA AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS, 1755 | 237 |
| SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON After the portrait by Adams. | 238 |
| MAP OF THE REGION OF LAKE GEORGE From Documentary History of New York. | 239 |
| RUINS OF CHÂTEAU BIGOT From a photograph by Captain Wurtelle. | 245 |
| PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA From a photograph. | 246 |
| QUEBEC, CHÂTEAU FRONTENAC AND THE CITADEL From a photograph. | 246 |
| THE EARL OF LOUDON After the portrait by Ramsay. | 249 |
| BOSCAWEN After the portrait by Reynolds. | 253 |
| THE SIEGE OF LOUISBURG, 1758 From a picture in the Lenox Collection, New York Public Library. | 255 |
| AMHERST After the portrait by Reynolds. | 257 |
| THE COUNTRY ROUND TICONDEROGA From Documentary History of New York. | 259 |
| GENERAL JAMES WOLFE After the engraved portrait by Houstin. | 261 |
| BOUGAINVILLE After a cut in Bounechose's Montcalm. | 263 |
| THE SITE OF QUEBEC AND THE GROUND OCCUPIED DURING THE SIEGE OF 1759 After a plan in The Universal Magazine, London, December, 1859. | 265 |
| LOUIS JOSEPH, MARQUIS DE MONTCALM After the portrait in the possession of his descendants. | 268 |
| DEATH OF WOLFE From the painting by West. | 272 |
| MAJOR ROBERT ROGERS After a mezzotint by an unknown engraver. Published in London, October 1, 1776 | 277 |
| NORTH AMERICA AT THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS, 1763 | 278 |
| GENERAL MURRAY, FIRST GOVERNOR OF QUEBEC After the portrait by Ramsay. | 280 |
| SETTLEMENTS ON THE DETROIT RIVER From Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac. | 283 |
| BOUQUET After the portrait by West. | 289 |
| RETURN OF THE ENGLISH CAPTIVES After the painting by West. | 291 |
| MONTREAL After a print in the New York Public Library. | 293 |
| SAMUEL HEARNE After an engraving published in 1796. | 297 |
| GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY After the painting by Chappel. | 301 |
| MAP OF QUEBEC DURING THE SIEGE OF CONGRESS TROOPS | 303 |
| SIR GUY CARLETON After an engraving in The Political Magazine, June, 1782. | 307 |
| BENEDICT ARNOLD After the portrait by Tate. | 309 |
| GENERAL HALDIMAND After the portrait by Reynolds. | 311 |
| JOSEPH BRANT After the portrait by Ames. | 315 |
| LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SIMCOE After an engraving in Scadding's Toronto of Old. | 316 |
| CAPTAIN COOK After the portrait by Dauce. | 320 |
| FORT CHURCHILL AS IT WAS IN 1777 After a print in the European Magazine, June, 1797. | 320 |
| TOTEM POLES, BRITISH COLUMBIA From a photograph. | 320 |
| CAPTAIN GEORGE VANCOUVER After the portrait by Abbott. | 322 |
| NOOTKA SOUND From an engraving in Vancouver's Journal. | 323 |
| FORT CHIPPEWYAN, ATHABASCA LAKE From a recent photograph. | 325 |
| ALEXANDER MACKENZIE After the portrait by Lawrence. | 327 |
| CAUSE OF A PORTAGE From a photograph. | 329 |
| SIMON FRASER From a likeness in Morice's The History of the Northern Interior of British Columbia. | 331 |
| ASTORIA IN 1813 From a cut in Franchere's Narrative of a Voyage. | 332 |
| MAP OF WEST COAST, SHOWING THE OGDEN AND ROSS EXPLORATIONS From Laut's Conquest of the Great North West. | 332 |
| GENERAL SIR JAMES HENRY CRAIG, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1807–1811 After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 336 |
| WILLIAM HULL After the portrait by Stuart, with autograph. | 338 |
| MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE MILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE DETROIT RIVER | 340 |
| MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE MILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE NIAGARA FRONTIER | 342 |
| GENERAL BROCK After a portrait in the possession of J. A. Macdonell Esq., Alexandria, Ontario. | 345 |
| BROCK MONUMENT, QUEENSTON HEIGHTS From a photograph. | 347 |
| YORK (TORONTO) HARBOR From Bouchette's British Dominions in North America. | 351 |
| FITZGIBBONS After a photograph reproduced in Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1900. | 357 |
| LAURA SECORD From Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records. | 361 |
| TWO VIEWS OF THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE From prints published in 1815 | 364 |
| TECUMSEH After the drawing by Pierre Le Drie. | 366 |
| DE SALABERRY After a portrait in Fannings Taylor's Portraits of British Americans. | 368 |
| SIR GORDON DRUMMOND After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 371 |
| MONUMENT AT LUNDY'S LANE From a photograph. | 375 |
| SELKIRK From Ontario Archives Collection. | 381 |
| NELSON AND HAYES RIVERS From a map in Robson's Hudson Bay. | 384 |
| FORT GARRY, RED RIVER SETTLEMENT From Ross' Red River Settlement. | 387 |
| FORT DOUGLAS After an old engraving. | 388 |
| SKETCH OF THE CITY OF WINNIPEG, SHOWING THE SITES OF THE EARLY FORTS From Manitoba Historical Society | 391 |
| RED RIVER SETTLEMENT, 1816–1820 After a map in Amos' Report of the Trials Relative to the Destruction of the Earl of Selkirk's Settlement. | 392 |
| MONUMENT TO COMMEMORATE THE MASSACRE OF SEVEN OAKS After a sketch. | 397 |
| TRACKING ON ATHABASCA RIVER From a photograph. | 401 |
| PLANS OF YORK AND PRINCE OF WALES FORTS From a plate in Robson's Hudson Bay. | 405 |
| SIR GEORGE SIMPSON, GOVERNOR OF HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1820 | 406 |
| JOHN MCLOUGHLIN After a likeness in Laut's Conquest of the Great Northwest. | 408 |
| SIR JOHN SHERBROOKE, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1816–1818 After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 413 |
| THE FOURTH DUKE OF RICHMOND, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1818–1819 After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 419 |
| WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE After a likeness in Lindsey's Life and Times of Mackenzie. | 421 |
| ALLAN McNAB After the portrait in the Speaker's Chambers, Ottawa. | 423 |
| LOUIS J. PAPINEAU After a likeness in Fannings Taylor's British Americans. | 428 |
| SIR JOHN COLBORNE, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA, 1838–1841 After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 430 |
| LORD DURHAM, SPECIAL COMMISSIONER TO CANADA, 1838 After an engraving at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. | 432 |
| JOHN A. MACDONALD From a photograph. | 435 |
| FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION, 1867 From the painting by Hariss. | 436 |
