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List of Illustrations

Ottoman basmala (13th/19th c.)

Tobacco, flower and fruit (from Larousse du XXe siècle)

A Baqtāsh darvish inhaling hashīsh (from J. P. Brown, Dervishes, p. 342)

Smokers playing chess (from C. de Bruyn, Voyages, 1732)

Ghazī Hasan Bābā (from J. P. Brown, Dervishes, p. 289)

Title pages of S. B. al-Shikārpūrī, Khazīna (Delhi, 1283[/1866] and pseudo-Shāh Walīullāh, al-Balāgh al-mubīn (India, 13th/19th c.)

First page of the Risāleh dukhāniyyeh. MSS. Harput 429, f. 194v., and Darülmesnevi 258, f. 70v.

Muezzins (Turkey, 11th/17th c.; from F. Taeschner, Volksleben)

The Death of Mustapha (from J. A. Guer, Moeurs, 1747)

Ornamental capital with smoker (from J. Morier, Adventures, p. 351)

Two smokers. Details from miniatures (Turkey, 11th/17th c.; from MS. A.365, Costumi orientali, Bologna, Biblioteca Comunale dell’Archiginnasio, and from F. Taeschner, Volksleben)

Tobacco plant, European smoking (from A. Chute, Tabacco, 1595)

Istanbul’s Egyptian Bazaar (from The Illustrated London News, 1853)

Exhaling through the nose and Turk smoking (from E. R. Billings, Tobacco, 1875)

Turkish Coffee-house (from The Illustrated London News, 1853)

Tobacco field in Syria and Turkish tobacco going to market (from E. R. Billings, Tobacco, 1875)

A Street in Constantinople (from Le Magasin Pittoresque, 1840)

Street tobacco seller stand and tobacco ban posters (Istanbul, 2008)

Turkish pipes (from E. R. Billings, Tobacco, 1875)

Turks smoking. Details from a postcard and a cigarette paper advert (Turkey, c. 1900-1910)

Turkish Punishment for snuff-taking (from E. R. Billings, Tobacco, 1875)

Muezzin smoking (from J. P. Pinchon, Becassine, 1919). Advert for Mecca cigarettes (from The Saturday Evening Post, 1915)

Intercontinental smoking (from E. R. Billings, Tobacco, 1875)

Two Ebüssuūd fatwās (from MS. Istanbul, Reisülküttab 1182)

Coffeehouse in Tophane (from A. I. Melling, Voyage, 1819)

Central Asian opium eaters (from B. Vereschaguine, Voyage, 1873)

Before the qāḍī (from Contes, 1928)

Young smoker (Turkey, 11th/17th c. Detail of a bowl, Brussels, Musée du Cinquantenaire)

Prayers in a mosque (Turkey, 11th/17th c.; from F. Taeschner, Volksleben)

Persians smoking opium. Drawing (Tehran, early 20th c. Private coll.)

Arab smoking, by P. Coste (Cairo, 1822, from D. Jacobi, Coste)

Sultan smoking, by M. Jaspar (in L. Paquot-Pierret, Vengeance)

Chinese smoking (Strasbourg, c. 1744–48. Detail of an earthenware tray, Boston, Museum of Fine Arts)


“From the ceaseless smoking of the coffee-house riff-raff the coffee-houses were filled with blue smoke, to such a point that those who were in them could not see one another…” 1

1 Ibrāhīm Peçevi (d. c. 1060/1650), quoted in B. Lewis, Istanbul, p. 134. Engraving from C. de Bruyn, Voyages, p. 431.

Against Smoking

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