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Samuel Butler, Erewhon, London, 1865. Chapters 23, 24, 25, The Book of the Machines.

Alonzo Church, “An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory”, American J. of Math., 58 (1936), 345–363.

K. Gödel, “Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme, I”, Monatshefte für Math. und Phys., (1931), 173–189.

D. R. Hartree, Calculating Instruments and Machines, New York, 1949.

S. C. Kleene, “General Recursive Functions of Natural Numbers”, American J. of Math., 57 (1935), 153–173 and 219–244.

G. Jefferson, “The Mind of Mechanical Man”. Lister Oration for 1949. British Medical Journal, vol. i (1949), 1105–1121.

Countess of Lovelace, ‘Translator’s notes to an article on Babbage’s Analytical Engine’, Scientific Memoirs (ed. by R. Taylor), vol. 3 (1842), 691–731.

Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, London, 1940.

A. M. Turing, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem”, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2), 42 (1937), 230–265.

Victoria University of Manchester.