Читать книгу The Soviet Passport - Albert Baiburin - Страница 10

AMM– Archive of the International ‘Memorial’ Association (Arkhiv Mezhdunarodnogo obshchestva ‘Memorial’).ASSR– Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; as well as the individual republics within the USSR, there were also ASSRs which had many of the same rights as the SSRs except the right to secede from the Union. In practice, no SSR had this right anyway.ATsIYeU– Archive of the Judaica Centre of the European University of St Petersburg (Arkhiv Tsentra Iudaiki Yevropeiskogo universityeta).CPSU– Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovietskogo Soyuza), the name, from 1952, of the party which ruled the USSR.GARF– State Archive of the Russian Federation (Gosudarstvenny arkhiv rossiiskoi federatsii).KGB– Committee for State Security (Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti); the last name of the Soviet era for the secret police, initially established by the Bolsheviks in 1917 as the Cheka.KhPZ– Kharkov Steam Engine Building Plant (Khar’kovsky parovozostroitel’ny zavod).MTS– Machine Tractor Station (Mashino-traktornaya stantsiya).MVD– Interior Ministry (Ministerstvo vnutrennykh del).NEP– The New Economic Policy introduced in the 1920s, which allowed a certain amount of free market capitalism in order to help the economy recover from the ravages of the Civil War. Those who profited most were nicknamed NEPmen and were refused passports when the passport system was introduced in 1932.NKID– People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs; the original title of what would become the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs.NKVD– People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs; in the early years of the Soviet state, the NKVD RSFSR (for the Russian Republic) was responsible for policing, but not the secret police, which was under the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (VeCheKa), often abridged to Cheka. The NKVD RSFSR was disbanded in 1930. But in 1934 the USSR NKVD was formed, and the secret police came under its remit. AlsoUNKVD– the Directorate (Upravleniye) of the NKVD.OGPU– The Unified State Political Directorate (Obyedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye), the title of the Soviet secret police from 1923 (before which it was the Cheka) to 1934, when it was re-named the USSR NKVD. The next notable name change came in 1953, when it became the KGB.OVIR- The Department of Visas and Registration (Otdel viz i registratsii), the office where many Russian documents are issued.PSZ– Complete Laws of the Russian Empire (Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii).RCP(B)– Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks); ‘Bolshevik’ (meaning majority) had come from the split of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party into two factions, Bolshevik and Menshevik, in 1903. In 1925 the Party was renamed the All-Union Communist Party, and in 1952 it became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).RGASPI– Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (Rossiisky gosudarstvenny arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii).RSFSR– Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; the official name of Russia within the USSR, until the collapse of the country at the end of 1991.SNK– Sovnarkom, or Council of People’s Commissars; the name of the government of the USSR from 1923 to 1946.SU RSFSR– Collected Statutes of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the RSFSR (Sobraniye uzakonenii raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva RSFSR).SZ SSSR– Collected Laws and Instructions of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the USSR (Sobraniye zakonov i rasporyazhenii raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva SSSR).TsGA– Central State Archive (Tsentral’ny gosudarstvenny arkhiv), St Petersburg.TsGAIPD– Central State Archive for Historical and Political Documents of St Petersburg (Tsentral’ny gosudarstvenny arkhiv istoriko-politicheskikh dokumentov Sankt-Peterburga).TsGAKFFD– Central State Archive of Cinematographic and Photographic Documents (Tsentral’ny gosudarstvenny arkhiv kinofotofonodokumentov) in St Petersburg.TsIK– Central Executive Committee of the USSR (Tsentral’ny ispolnitel’ny komitet SSSR).UNKVD– see NKVD.VAPRF– Bulletin of the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation (Vestnik Arkhiva Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii).VKP(b)– All-Russian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) (Vsyerossiiskaya Kommunisticheskaya partiya (bol’shevikov)), the name of the ruling party from the time of the October Revolution of 1917 until it became the CPSU (see above) in 1952.VTsIK– All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Vsyerossiisky Tsentral’ny ispolnitel’ny komitet SSSR); the highest legislative and administrative body of the RSFSR from 1917 to 1937.ZAGS– Russian term for a registry office (otdel zapisi aktov grazhdanskogo sostoyaniya).ZATO– Closed Territorial-Administrative Formations (Zakritiye Territorial’no-Administrativniye Obrazovaniya); ‘closed’ towns and cities; only those who lived there were allowed to enter.