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IN THIS CHAPTER

Exploring atomic structure, isotopes, and ions

Bonding atoms into molecules and compounds

Understanding chemical formulas in earth science

To understand earth processes such as the formation of rocks, it helps to understand some of the basic concepts of chemistry. The science of chemistry explores and describes the properties of substances — gas, liquid, or solid — and explains how and why different substances interact with each other.

In this chapter, I explain that all earth materials are made of atoms, and I show how these atoms interact with one another to create the observable characteristics of rocks and geologic features in the world around you.